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Marcin Odlanicki Poczobutt

Marcin Odlanicki Poczobutt (Lithuanian: Martynas Počobutas; 30 October 1728 near Grodno – 7 February 1810 in Daugavpils) was a Polish–Lithuanian Jesuit, astronomer and mathematician. He was professor of Vilnius University for over 50 years, serving as its rector from 1780 to 1799. The crater Poczobutt on the Moon is named after him.

Marcin Odlanicki Poczobutt wearing the insignias of the Order of the White Eagle.
Portrait by Józef Oleszkiewicz

Career edit

Marcin Odlanicki Poczobutt was born in the village of Salomenka [be] near Grodno, within Lithuania proper. He studied at Vilnius University (1745–1751) and Charles University in Prague (1754–1756). With brief interruptions he lectured at Vilnius University from 1753 to 1808.[1] Sponsored by Michał Fryderyk Czartoryski, he further studied in France, Italy, and Germany from 1762 to 1764. His stay at the Marseille Observatory under Esprit Pézenas [fr] inspired him to devote his career to astronomy.[2] He earned doctorate of philosophy, gained professorship, and became director of the Vilnius Astronomical Observatory in 1764.[1] The observatory, established by Thomas Zebrowski, was in its early stages of development and Poczobutt worked hard to obtain modern instruments. Despite suppression of the Jesuits in 1773, the observatory gained royal favour from King Stanisław August Poniatowski—it was named royal observatory and Poczobutt became King's astronomer.[2] In 1780, Poczobutt was appointed as university rector by the Commission of National Education. He was tasked with reforming the university from a medieval school concentrated on humanities (philosophy and theology) to a modern scientific institution.[3] Under Poczobutt the university improved its science, medicine, and law departments.[4] As rector of the university he promoted the use of Latin and opposed any use of Polish or Lithuanian languages.[3]

Scientific work edit

He often travelled to London where he ordered astronomical equipment from Jesse Ramsden and John Dollond: a 4-foot transit telescope in 1765, 3.5-foot achromatic telescope in 1770, 8-foot mural quadrant in 1777, and meridian circle in 1788.[2] Other purchases included octant, equatorial, two theodolites, 10-foot sextant.[5] The observatory was expanded by architect Marcin Knackfus in 1782–1788 to accommodate the new equipment. Poczobutt observed solar and lunar eclipses, comets and asteroids (including Ceres, Pallas, Juno), and calculated geographic coordinates of settlements in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (including Vilnius and Hrodna).[1] In addition, he made measurements of Mercury to compute its orbit; later this data was used by Jérôme Lalande.[6] He described 16-star constellation, which he named Taurus Poniatovii in honour of King Poniatowski (it is now obsolete and considered to be part of the Ophiuchus).[7] His recorded observations amounted to 34 volumes.[6] In 1770 he became the first in Lithuania to systematically measure and record weather temperature (continuous records survive since 1777).[8] Poczobutt was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1771 and a corresponding member of the French Academy of Sciences in 1778. He was made a member of the Order of Saint Stanislaus in 1785 and Order of the White Eagle in 1793.[3]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c Zinkus, Jonas; et al., eds. (1985–1988). "Počobutas, Martynas". Tarybų Lietuvos enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Vol. 3. Vilnius: Vyriausioji enciklopedijų redakcija. p. 407. LCCN 86232954.
  2. ^ a b c McConnell, Anita (2007). Jesse Ramsden (1735–1800): London's leading scientific instrument maker. Ashgate Publishing. pp. 79–80. ISBN 978-0-7546-6136-8.
  3. ^ a b c Šidlauskas, Algirdas (1994). Vilniaus universiteto istorija 1569–1994 (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Valstybinis leidybos centras. pp. 113–114. ISBN 9986-09-047-4.
  4. ^ Stone, Daniel (2001). The Polish–Lithuanian State, 1386–1795. A History of East Central Europe. University of Washington Press. p. 314. ISBN 0-295-98093-1.
  5. ^ Klimka, Libertas (2003). "Overview of the History of Vilnius University Observatory". Baltic Astronomy. 12 (4): 651–652. Bibcode:2003BaltA..12..649K. doi:10.1515/astro-2017-00101. ISSN 1392-0049. S2CID 140171682.
  6. ^ a b Udías Vallina, Agustín (2003). Searching the heavens and the earth: the history of Jesuit observatories. Astrophysics and space science library. Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 32. ISBN 978-1-4020-1189-4.
  7. ^ Kanas, Nick (2009). Star maps: history, artistry, and cartography (2nd ed.). Praxis Publishing. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-387-71668-8.
  8. ^ Bukantis, Arūnas (14 December 2010). "Meteorologiniams matavimams Lietuvoje – 240 metų" (in Lithuanian). Bernardinai.lt. Retrieved 19 December 2010.

marcin, odlanicki, poczobutt, lithuanian, martynas, počobutas, october, 1728, near, grodno, february, 1810, daugavpils, polish, lithuanian, jesuit, astronomer, mathematician, professor, vilnius, university, over, years, serving, rector, from, 1780, 1799, crate. Marcin Odlanicki Poczobutt Lithuanian Martynas Pocobutas 30 October 1728 near Grodno 7 February 1810 in Daugavpils was a Polish Lithuanian Jesuit astronomer and mathematician He was professor of Vilnius University for over 50 years serving as its rector from 1780 to 1799 The crater Poczobutt on the Moon is named after him Marcin Odlanicki Poczobutt wearing the insignias of the Order of the White Eagle Portrait by Jozef Oleszkiewicz Contents 1 Career 2 Scientific work 3 See also 4 ReferencesCareer editMarcin Odlanicki Poczobutt was born in the village of Salomenka be near Grodno within Lithuania proper He studied at Vilnius University 1745 1751 and Charles University in Prague 1754 1756 With brief interruptions he lectured at Vilnius University from 1753 to 1808 1 Sponsored by Michal Fryderyk Czartoryski he further studied in France Italy and Germany from 1762 to 1764 His stay at the Marseille Observatory under Esprit Pezenas fr inspired him to devote his career to astronomy 2 He earned doctorate of philosophy gained professorship and became director of the Vilnius Astronomical Observatory in 1764 1 The observatory established by Thomas Zebrowski was in its early stages of development and Poczobutt worked hard to obtain modern instruments Despite suppression of the Jesuits in 1773 the observatory gained royal favour from King Stanislaw August Poniatowski it was named royal observatory and Poczobutt became King s astronomer 2 In 1780 Poczobutt was appointed as university rector by the Commission of National Education He was tasked with reforming the university from a medieval school concentrated on humanities philosophy and theology to a modern scientific institution 3 Under Poczobutt the university improved its science medicine and law departments 4 As rector of the university he promoted the use of Latin and opposed any use of Polish or Lithuanian languages 3 Scientific work editHe often travelled to London where he ordered astronomical equipment from Jesse Ramsden and John Dollond a 4 foot transit telescope in 1765 3 5 foot achromatic telescope in 1770 8 foot mural quadrant in 1777 and meridian circle in 1788 2 Other purchases included octant equatorial two theodolites 10 foot sextant 5 The observatory was expanded by architect Marcin Knackfus in 1782 1788 to accommodate the new equipment Poczobutt observed solar and lunar eclipses comets and asteroids including Ceres Pallas Juno and calculated geographic coordinates of settlements in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania including Vilnius and Hrodna 1 In addition he made measurements of Mercury to compute its orbit later this data was used by Jerome Lalande 6 He described 16 star constellation which he named Taurus Poniatovii in honour of King Poniatowski it is now obsolete and considered to be part of the Ophiuchus 7 His recorded observations amounted to 34 volumes 6 In 1770 he became the first in Lithuania to systematically measure and record weather temperature continuous records survive since 1777 8 Poczobutt was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1771 and a corresponding member of the French Academy of Sciences in 1778 He was made a member of the Order of Saint Stanislaus in 1785 and Order of the White Eagle in 1793 3 See also editList of Roman Catholic scientist clericsReferences edit a b c Zinkus Jonas et al eds 1985 1988 Pocobutas Martynas Tarybu Lietuvos enciklopedija in Lithuanian Vol 3 Vilnius Vyriausioji enciklopediju redakcija p 407 LCCN 86232954 a b c McConnell Anita 2007 Jesse Ramsden 1735 1800 London s leading scientific instrument maker Ashgate Publishing pp 79 80 ISBN 978 0 7546 6136 8 a b c Sidlauskas Algirdas 1994 Vilniaus universiteto istorija 1569 1994 in Lithuanian Vilnius Valstybinis leidybos centras pp 113 114 ISBN 9986 09 047 4 Stone Daniel 2001 The Polish Lithuanian State 1386 1795 A History of East Central Europe University of Washington Press p 314 ISBN 0 295 98093 1 Klimka Libertas 2003 Overview of the History of Vilnius University Observatory Baltic Astronomy 12 4 651 652 Bibcode 2003BaltA 12 649K doi 10 1515 astro 2017 00101 ISSN 1392 0049 S2CID 140171682 a b Udias Vallina Agustin 2003 Searching the heavens and the earth the history of Jesuit observatories Astrophysics and space science library Kluwer Academic Publishers p 32 ISBN 978 1 4020 1189 4 Kanas Nick 2009 Star maps history artistry and cartography 2nd ed Praxis Publishing p 128 ISBN 978 0 387 71668 8 Bukantis Arunas 14 December 2010 Meteorologiniams matavimams Lietuvoje 240 metu in Lithuanian Bernardinai lt Retrieved 19 December 2010 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Marcin Odlanicki Poczobutt amp oldid 1137105733, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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