fbpx
Wikipedia

Earl of Clare

January 01, 1970

Earl of Clare was a title of British nobility created three times: once each in the peerages of England, Great Britain and Ireland.

The title derives from Clare, Suffolk, where a prominent Anglo-Norman family was seated since the Norman Conquest, and from which their English surname sprang from possession of the Honour of Clare. The Norman family who took the name 'de Clare' became associated with the peerage as they held, at differing times, three earldoms (Gloucester, Pembroke and Hertford).

Honour of Clare edit

The death of the young Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, at the Battle of Bannockburn (1314) entailed the break-up of the Honour of Clare, as he and his young wife were childless and the lands were distributed among three co-heiresses.[1] His death marked the end of the great de Clare family. The family lands were worth as much as £6,000, second only to those of the Earl of Lancaster among the nobility of the realm.[2]

The lands went into royal wardship while the matter of inheritance was settled.[3] By the entail of 1290, the lands could only be inherited by direct descendants of the late earl's father. The late earl's sisters, Eleanor, Margaret (now widowed after the death of Piers Gaveston) and Elizabeth were by 1317 all married to favourites of Edward II: Hugh Despenser the Younger, Hugh de Audley and Roger d'Amory, respectively.[4] The three were granted equal parts of the English possessions, but Despenser received the entire lordship of Glamorgan in Wales, politically the most important of the de Clare lands.[5]

Possible medieval earls edit

The "Earl of Clare" was probably not a medieval title. Some contemporary sources called them "Earls of Clare", but many modern historians treat this as if it were a "styled" (self-assumed) title. There was no standardised method of reference to earls in the late eleventh and twelfth centuries, and the Clares were one of a handful referred to as earls in this period without a county mentioned. For example, Gerald of Wales recounts an incident relating to the Earl of Clare, possibly referring to William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester.[6] Such references led some older historians to assume the Earls of Gloucester and Hertford also carried the title Earls of Clare. The title, for instance, is given in the original Dictionary of National Biography.[7] The confusion probably stems from misinterpretation of references, such as that of "Earl Gilbert de Clare", in which Clare was taken as a title rather than a surname. One view is there was no such title in existence,[8] and that the first creation of the title Earl of Clare dates to 1624.[9] However, John Burke in 1831 states that prior to the 1624 creation, Robert Rich, Earl of Warwick, was to be created Earl of Clare, but that it was refused by the crown lawyers, "on a solemn declaration, that it was a title peculiar to the royal blood and not to be conferred upon a subject."[10]

Earl of Clare, first creation (1624) edit

 
Arms of Holles, first Earls of Clare: Ermine, two piles in point sable[10]

The title of Earl of Clare was formally created by letters patent in the peerage of England on 2 November 1624 for John Holles. He was first elevated to the peerage as Baron Houghton of Houghton by King James I on 9 July 1616. According to Burke, he was ennobled thanks to the influence of the George Villiers, Viscount Villiers, future Duke of Buckingham, to whom Holles paid £10,000 (equivalent to £2,371,000 in 2023). He was created Earl of Clare following an additional payment of £5,000.[10]

The fourth earl married Lady Margaret Cavendish, third daughter and co-heir of Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle, and he inherited the majority of the Duke's estates upon his death in 1691. On 14 May 1694, he was created Marquess of Clare and Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne.[10]

The fourth earl's only child, Lady Henrietta Cavendish Holles, married Edward Harley, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer. Their daughter, Lady Margaret Cavendish Harley, who married William Bentinck, 2nd Duke of Portland.[10]

The title became extinct upon the death the fourth earl in 1711.

Earl of Clare, second creation (1714) edit

 
Arms of Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, of the second creation, featuring the Holles arms quartered with the Pelham canting arms

The next creation of the Earl of Clare was in the Peerage of Great Britain for Thomas Pelham, nephew and heir of the last earl of the first creation. He had been adopted by his uncle and assumed the arms and surname of Holles. He was a significant statesman during the early Georgian era, and he served as the First Lord of the Treasury, among other roles.[10]

He was created Viscount Pelham of Houghton and Earl of Clare on 26 October 1714.

Marquess of Clare (1715) edit

The following year, on 2 August 1715, he was further created Marquess of Clare and Duke of Newcastle, with remainder to his brother the Rt. Hon. Henry Pelham. In 1756, he was created Duke of Newcastle Under Lyne with remainder to his nephew, Henry Fiennes-Clinton, 9th Earl of Lincoln. His brother predeceased him, leaving no male heirs, and at his death in 1768, the titles of Earl of Clare and Marquess of Clare again became extinct, but he was succeeded by his nephew as Duke of Newcastle Under Lyne.[10]

Earls of Clare, third creation (1795) edit

The title was again created, in the peerage of Ireland, in 1795 for John FitzGibbon, 1st Viscount FitzGibbon, the Lord Chancellor of Ireland. He had already been created Baron FitzGibbon, of Lower Connello in the County of Limerick, in 1789, and Viscount FitzGibbon, of Limerick in the County of Limerick, in 1793. These titles were also in the peerage of Ireland. In 1799 he was made Baron FitzGibbon, of Sidbury in the County of Devon, in the peerage of Great Britain. He was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Earl. He served as Governor of Bombay from 1830 to 1834. He died childless and was succeeded by his younger brother, the third earl. He represented County Limerick in the House of Commons and served as Lord Lieutenant of County Limerick. Lord Clare's only son, John Charles Henry FitzGibbon, styled Viscount FitzGibbon, was killed in action during the Battle of Balaclava where he charged with the 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars. On Lord Clare's death in 1864 the peerages became extinct.[11][12]


See also edit

References edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Earls of Clare.
  1. ^ May McKisack, The Fourteenth Century (Oxford History of England) 1959:40.
  2. ^ J.R. Maddicot, (1970). Thomas of Lancaster, 1307–1322. Oxford: Oxford University Press (1970:22f).
  3. ^ Michael Brown, Bannockburn: The Scottish War and the British Isles, 1307–1323. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press (2008:145f).
  4. ^ Maddicott 1970:193.
  5. ^ Brown 2008:159f.
  6. ^ Gerald of Wales, The Journey through Wales, trans. Lewis Thorpe (Penguin Classics, 1978), p. 142.
  7. ^ Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1887). "Clare, Richard de (1222-1262)" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 10. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 393.
  8. ^ For example, Michael Altschul, ‘Clare, Richard de, sixth earl of Gloucester and fifth earl of Hertford (1222–1262)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, Jan 2008 [1], accessed 23 Oct 2009.
  9. ^ Arthur Charles Fox-Davies, A Complete Guide to Heraldry, Reissued by READ Books, 2008 ISBN 978-1-4437-5719-5
  10. ^ a b c d e f g Burke, John (1831). A Heneral and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerages of England, Ireland, and Scotland, Extinct, Dormant, and in Abeyance. London: H. Colburn and R. Bentley. pp. 270–272. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
  11. ^ ThePeerage.com
  12. ^ Dutton, Roy Forgotten Heroes: The Charge of the Light Brigade p 98

January 01, 1970
earl, clare, title, british, nobility, created, three, times, once, each, peerages, england, great, britain, ireland, title, derives, from, clare, suffolk, where, prominent, anglo, norman, family, seated, since, norman, conquest, from, which, their, english, s. Earl of Clare was a title of British nobility created three times once each in the peerages of England Great Britain and Ireland The title derives from Clare Suffolk where a prominent Anglo Norman family was seated since the Norman Conquest and from which their English surname sprang from possession of the Honour of Clare The Norman family who took the name de Clare became associated with the peerage as they held at differing times three earldoms Gloucester Pembroke and Hertford Contents 1 Honour of Clare 2 Possible medieval earls 3 Earl of Clare first creation 1624 4 Earl of Clare second creation 1714 4 1 Marquess of Clare 1715 5 Earls of Clare third creation 1795 6 See also 7 ReferencesHonour of Clare editThe death of the young Gilbert de Clare Earl of Gloucester at the Battle of Bannockburn 1314 entailed the break up of the Honour of Clare as he and his young wife were childless and the lands were distributed among three co heiresses 1 His death marked the end of the great de Clare family The family lands were worth as much as 6 000 second only to those of the Earl of Lancaster among the nobility of the realm 2 The lands went into royal wardship while the matter of inheritance was settled 3 By the entail of 1290 the lands could only be inherited by direct descendants of the late earl s father The late earl s sisters Eleanor Margaret now widowed after the death of Piers Gaveston and Elizabeth were by 1317 all married to favourites of Edward II Hugh Despenser the Younger Hugh de Audley and Roger d Amory respectively 4 The three were granted equal parts of the English possessions but Despenser received the entire lordship of Glamorgan in Wales politically the most important of the de Clare lands 5 Possible medieval earls editThe Earl of Clare was probably not a medieval title Some contemporary sources called them Earls of Clare but many modern historians treat this as if it were a styled self assumed title There was no standardised method of reference to earls in the late eleventh and twelfth centuries and the Clares were one of a handful referred to as earls in this period without a county mentioned For example Gerald of Wales recounts an incident relating to the Earl of Clare possibly referring to William Fitz Robert 2nd Earl of Gloucester 6 Such references led some older historians to assume the Earls of Gloucester and Hertford also carried the title Earls of Clare The title for instance is given in the original Dictionary of National Biography 7 The confusion probably stems from misinterpretation of references such as that of Earl Gilbert de Clare in which Clare was taken as a title rather than a surname One view is there was no such title in existence 8 and that the first creation of the title Earl of Clare dates to 1624 9 However John Burke in 1831 states that prior to the 1624 creation Robert Rich Earl of Warwick was to be created Earl of Clare but that it was refused by the crown lawyers on a solemn declaration that it was a title peculiar to the royal blood and not to be conferred upon a subject 10 Earl of Clare first creation 1624 edit nbsp Arms of Holles first Earls of Clare Ermine two piles in point sable 10 The title of Earl of Clare was formally created by letters patent in the peerage of England on 2 November 1624 for John Holles He was first elevated to the peerage as Baron Houghton of Houghton by King James I on 9 July 1616 According to Burke he was ennobled thanks to the influence of the George Villiers Viscount Villiers future Duke of Buckingham to whom Holles paid 10 000 equivalent to 2 371 000 in 2023 He was created Earl of Clare following an additional payment of 5 000 10 The fourth earl married Lady Margaret Cavendish third daughter and co heir of Henry Cavendish 2nd Duke of Newcastle and he inherited the majority of the Duke s estates upon his death in 1691 On 14 May 1694 he was created Marquess of Clare and Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne 10 The fourth earl s only child Lady Henrietta Cavendish Holles married Edward Harley 2nd Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer Their daughter Lady Margaret Cavendish Harley who married William Bentinck 2nd Duke of Portland 10 The title became extinct upon the death the fourth earl in 1711 John Holles 1st Earl of Clare 1564 1637 John Holles 2nd Earl of Clare 1595 1666 Gilbert Holles 3rd Earl of Clare 1633 1689 John Holles 4th Earl of Clare 1662 1711 created Marquess of Clare and Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne in 1694Earl of Clare second creation 1714 edit nbsp Arms of Thomas Pelham Holles 1st Duke of Newcastle of the second creation featuring the Holles arms quartered with the Pelham canting arms The next creation of the Earl of Clare was in the Peerage of Great Britain for Thomas Pelham nephew and heir of the last earl of the first creation He had been adopted by his uncle and assumed the arms and surname of Holles He was a significant statesman during the early Georgian era and he served as the First Lord of the Treasury among other roles 10 He was created Viscount Pelham of Houghton and Earl of Clare on 26 October 1714 Marquess of Clare 1715 edit The following year on 2 August 1715 he was further created Marquess of Clare and Duke of Newcastle with remainder to his brother the Rt Hon Henry Pelham In 1756 he was created Duke of Newcastle Under Lyne with remainder to his nephew Henry Fiennes Clinton 9th Earl of Lincoln His brother predeceased him leaving no male heirs and at his death in 1768 the titles of Earl of Clare and Marquess of Clare again became extinct but he was succeeded by his nephew as Duke of Newcastle Under Lyne 10 Thomas Pelham Holles Earl of Clare 1693 1768 created Marquess of Clare and Duke of Newcastle in 1715Earls of Clare third creation 1795 editThe title was again created in the peerage of Ireland in 1795 for John FitzGibbon 1st Viscount FitzGibbon the Lord Chancellor of Ireland He had already been created Baron FitzGibbon of Lower Connello in the County of Limerick in 1789 and Viscount FitzGibbon of Limerick in the County of Limerick in 1793 These titles were also in the peerage of Ireland In 1799 he was made Baron FitzGibbon of Sidbury in the County of Devon in the peerage of Great Britain He was succeeded by his eldest son the second Earl He served as Governor of Bombay from 1830 to 1834 He died childless and was succeeded by his younger brother the third earl He represented County Limerick in the House of Commons and served as Lord Lieutenant of County Limerick Lord Clare s only son John Charles Henry FitzGibbon styled Viscount FitzGibbon was killed in action during the Battle of Balaclava where he charged with the 8th King s Royal Irish Hussars On Lord Clare s death in 1864 the peerages became extinct 11 12 John FitzGibbon 1st Earl of Clare 1748 1802 John FitzGibbon 2nd Earl of Clare 1792 1851 Richard Hobart FitzGibbon 3rd Earl of Clare 1793 1864 vteFamily Tree Dukes of Newcastle Earls of Lincoln 8th creation and Earls of Clare Baron Clinton 8th creation 1298 John Clinton d 1315 1st Baron Clinton Baron de Clyton 1330 John Clinton d c 1335 2nd Baron ClintonWilliam de Clinton c 1304 1354 Earl of Huntingdon Baron de Clynton Barony Clynton extinct 1354 John Clinton d 1398 3rd Baron Clinton William Clinton D V P 1383 William Clinton 1378 1431 4th Baron Clinton John Clinton 1410 1464 5th Baron ClintonAttainted 1459 restored 1461 John Clinton c 1429 1488 6th Baron Clinton John Clinton c 1470 1514 7th Baron Clinton Thomas Clinton 1490 1517 8th Baron Clinton Earl of Lincoln 8th creation 1572 Edward Clinton 1512 1585 1st Earl of Lincoln 9th Baron ClintonWilliam Cavendish c 1505 1557 Bess of Hardwick c 1527 1608 Henry Clinton 1539 1616 2nd Earl of Lincoln 10th Baron ClintonCharles Cavendish 1553 1617 Frances Cavendish 1548 1632 Henry Pierrepont 1546 1615 Earls amp Dukes of Devonshire Duke of Newcastle Upon Tyne 1st creation 1665Earl of Clare 1st creation 1624 Thomas Clinton 1568 1619 3rd Earl of Lincoln 11th Baron ClintonEdward Clinton Henry Clinton 1587 1641 William Cavendish 1592 1676 1st Duke of Newcastle upon TyneRobert Pierrepont 1584 1643 1st Earl of Kingston upon HullJohn Holles 1564 1637 1st Earl of Clare Theophilus Clinton 1600 1667 4th Earl of Lincoln 12th Baron ClintonFrancis Clinton d c 1681 William Pierrepont c 1607 1678 John Holles 1595 1666 2nd Earl of Clare Edward ClintonLord Clinton 1624 1657 Francis Clinton 1635 1693 6th Earl of LincolnNorreys Fynes d 1693 Henry Cavendish 1630 1691 2nd Duke of Newcastle upon TyneFrances Pierrepont 1630 1695 Grace Pierrepont 1633 1702 Gilbert Holles 1633 1689 3rd Earl of Clare Dukedom of Newcastle upon Tyne 1st creation extinct 1691 Duke of Newcastle Upon Tyne 2nd creation 1694 Edward Clinton d 1692 5th Earl of Lincoln 13th Baron ClintonNorreys Fynes 1651 1736 Margaret Cavendish 1661 1716 John Holles 1662 1711 Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne 4th Earl of ClareGrace Holles c 1668 1700 Thomas Pelham 1st Baron Pelham 1653 1712 Dukedom of Newcastle upon Tyne 2nd creation extinct 1711Earldom of Clare extinct 1711 Earl of Clare 2nd creation 1714 Marquess of Clare and Duke of Newcastle Upon Tyne 3rd creation 1715Duke of Newcastle Under Lyne 1756 Kendal Fynes 1692 1740 Henry Clinton 1684 1728 7th Earl of LincolnLucy Pelham 1695 1736 Henry Pelham 1694 1754 Thomas Pelham Holles 1693 1768 Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne 1st Duke of Newcastle under Lyne Marquess of Clare Earl of Clare Dukedom of Newcastle upon Tyne 3rd creation and Marquessate of Clare extinct 1768Earldom of Clare extinct 1768 Duke of Newcastle Under Lyne 1756 succeeded by special remainder 1768 Norreys Fynes 1720 1764 George Clinton 1718 1730 8th Earl of Lincoln Lord FynesHenry Pelham Clinton 1720 1794 2nd Duke of Newcastle under Lyne 9th Earl of LincolnCatherine Pelham 1727 1760 Earl of Clare 3rd creation 1795 John FitzGibbon 1748 1802 1st Earl of ClareThe FitzGibbon Earls of Clare are seemingly unrelated to the Holles family the previous Earls of Clare Charles Fynes later Fynes Clinton 1748 1827 Henry Pelham Clinton 1750 1778 styled Earl of LincolnThomas Pelham Clinton 1752 1795 3rd Duke of Newcastle under Lyne 10th Earl of Lincoln John FitzGibbon 1792 1851 2nd Earl of ClareRichard Hobart FitzGibbon 1793 1864 3rd Earl of ClareClinton James Fynes Clinton later Fiennes Clinton 1792 1833 Henry Pelham Clinton 1785 1851 4th Duke of Newcastle under Lyne 11th Earl of Lincoln Earldom of Clare extinct 1864 Henry Fiennes Clinton 1826 1911 Henry Pelham Clinton 1811 1864 5th Duke of Newcastle under Lyne 12th Earl of LincolnCharles Pelham Clinton 1813 1894 Charles Edward Fiennes Clinton 1855 1888 Henry Pelham Clinton 1834 1879 6th Duke of Newcastle under Lyne 13th Earl of LincolnCharles Pelham Clinton 1857 1911 Edward Henry Fiennes Clinton 1886 1916 Henry Pelham Clinton 1864 1928 7th Duke of Newcastle under Lyne 14th Earl of LincolnFrancis Pelham Clinton Hope 1866 1941 8th Duke of Newcastle under Lyne 15th Earl of LincolnGuy Pelham Clinton 1894 1934 Edward Horace Fiennes Clinton 1913 2001 18th Earl of LincolnHenry Pelham Clinton Hope 1907 1988 9th Duke of Newcastle under Lyne 16th Earl of LincolnEdward Pelham Clinton 1920 1988 10th Duke of Newcastle under Lyne 17th Earl of Lincoln Dukedom of Newcastle upon Tyne extinct 1988 Edward Gordon Fiennes Clinton 1943 1999 Lord Fynes Robert Edward Fiennes Clinton b 1972 19th Earl of LincolnWilliam James Howson b 1980 Heir presumptive to the Earldom of LincolnSee also editViscount Clare Earl of Clarence de ClareReferences edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Earls of Clare May McKisack The Fourteenth Century Oxford History of England 1959 40 J R Maddicot 1970 Thomas of Lancaster 1307 1322 Oxford Oxford University Press 1970 22f Michael Brown Bannockburn The Scottish War and the British Isles 1307 1323 Edinburgh Edinburgh University Press 2008 145f Maddicott 1970 193 Brown 2008 159f Gerald of Wales The Journey through Wales trans Lewis Thorpe Penguin Classics 1978 p 142 Stephen Leslie ed 1887 Clare Richard de 1222 1262 Dictionary of National Biography Vol 10 London Smith Elder amp Co p 393 For example Michael Altschul Clare Richard de sixth earl of Gloucester and fifth earl of Hertford 1222 1262 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press Sept 2004 online edn Jan 2008 1 accessed 23 Oct 2009 Arthur Charles Fox Davies A Complete Guide to Heraldry Reissued by READ Books 2008 ISBN 978 1 4437 5719 5 a b c d e f g Burke John 1831 A Heneral and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerages of England Ireland and Scotland Extinct Dormant and in Abeyance London H Colburn and R Bentley pp 270 272 Retrieved 9 October 2017 ThePeerage com Dutton Roy Forgotten Heroes The Charge of the Light Brigade p 98 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Earl of Clare amp oldid 1145167500, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.