Margaret Geller
Margaret J. Geller (born December 8, 1947) is an American astrophysicist at the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian. Her work has included pioneering maps of the nearby universe, studies of the relationship between galaxies and their environment, and the development and application of methods for measuring the distribution of matter in the universe.
Margaret J. Geller | |
|---|---|
Geller in 1981. | |
| Born | Margaret Joan Geller December 8, 1947[1] |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | UC Berkeley (B.A., 1970) Princeton University (Ph.D., 1975) |
| Awards | Newcomb Cleveland Prize (1989) MacArthur Fellowship (1990) Klopsteg Memorial Award (1996) Magellanic Premium (2008) James Craig Watson Medal (2010) Russell Lectureship (2010) Lilienfeld Prize (2013) Karl Schwarzschild Medal (2014) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Astrophysics: Galaxies and Cosmology |
| Institutions | Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory |
| Thesis | Bright Galaxies in Rich Clusters: A Statistical Model for Magnitude Distributions. (1974) |
| Doctoral advisor | Jim Peebles |
| Doctoral students | Timothy Beers Marc Postman |
Career edit
Geller made pioneering maps of large-scale structure in the universe. Geller received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Physics at the University of California, Berkeley (1970) and a Ph.D. in Physics from Princeton (1974). Geller completed her doctoral dissertation, titled "Bright galaxies in rich clusters: a statistical model for magnitude distributions", under the supervision of James Peebles.[2] Although Geller was thinking about studying solid state physics in graduate school, Charles Kittel suggested she go to Princeton to study astrophysics.[3][4]
After research fellowships at the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian and the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge, England, she became an assistant professor of Astronomy at Harvard University (1980-1983). She then joined the permanent scientific staff of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, a partner in the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian.
Geller is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and a Fellow of the American Physical Society. In 1990, she was elected as a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.[5] Two years later, she was elected to the Physics section of the US National Academy of Sciences.[6] From 2000 to 2003, she served on the Council of the National Academy of Sciences. She has received seven honorary degrees (D. S. H. C. or L. H. C.).
Research edit
Geller is known for observational and theoretical work in cosmology and extragalactic astronomy. Her long range goals are to discover what the universe looks like and to understand how the patterns we observe today evolved. In the 1980's, she made pioneering maps of the nearby universe,[7] which included the Great Wall[8] and was the inspiration for Jasper Johns 2020 piece called Slice.[9] Her SHELS project maps the distribution of dark matter in the universe.[10] With the 6.5-m MMT, she leads a deeper survey of the middle-aged universe called HectoMAP.[3] Geller has developed innovative techniques for investigating the structure and mass of clusters of galaxies and the relationship between clusters and their surroundings.
Geller is also a co-discoverer of hypervelocity stars which may be an important tracer of the matter distribution in the Galaxy.[11]
Films and Public Lectures edit
Geller has made several films for public education. Her 8-minute video Where the Galaxies Are (1989) was the first graphic voyage through the observed universe and was awarded a CINE Gold Eagle. A later 40-minute film, So Many Galaxies...So Little Time, contains more sophisticated prize-winning (IEEE/Siggraph) graphics and was on display at the National Air and Space Museum.
Geller has lectured extensively to public audiences around the world. She has lectured twice in the main amphitheater at the Chautauqua Institution.[12]
She is included in NPR's list of The Best Commencement Speeches, Ever.[13]
Her story about her entry into astrophysics and meeting the renowned astrophysicist John Archibald Wheeler, entitled "Mapping the Universe" was published by The Story Collider podcast on May 21, 2014.[14]
Books edit
Geller's work is discussed in Physics in the Twentieth Century.[15] Popular articles by Geller appear with those by Robert Woodrow Wilson, David Todd Wilkinson, J. Anthony Tyson and Vera Rubin in Beyond Earth: Mapping the Universe[16] and with others by Alan Lightman, Robert Kirshner, Vera Rubin, Alan Guth, and James E. Gunn in Bubbles, Voids and Bumps in Time: The New Cosmology.[17]
Awards and honors edit
- 1989 Newcomb Cleveland Prize of the American Association for the Advancement of Science along with John P. Huchra for "Mapping the Universe" [18]
- 1990 MacArthur Foundation Fellowship[19]
- 1990 American Academy of Arts and Science[10]
- 1992 National Academy of Sciences[10]
- 1993 Helen Sawyer Hogg Lecture of the Canadian Astronomical Society[20]
- 1996 Klopsteg Memorial Award of the American Association of Physics Teachers[21]
- 1997 New York Public Library Library Lion [22]
- 2003 La Medaille de l'ADION of Nice Observatory[23]
- 2008 Magellanic Premium by the American Philosophical Society for her research into the groupings of galaxies.[24]
- 2009 Honorary Degree (D.S.H.C.) from Colby College[25]
- 2010 Henry Norris Russell Lectureship of the American Astronomical Society[26]
- 2010 James Craig Watson Medal of the National Academy of Sciences[27]
- 2013 Julius Edgar Lilienfeld Prize of the American Physical Society[28]
- 2014 Karl Schwarzschild Medal of the German Astronomical Society[29]
- 2014 Honorary Degree (D.S.H.C.) from Dartmouth College[30]
- 2017 Honorary Degree (L.H.C.) from University of Turin[31][32]
References edit
- ^ a b . Array of Contemporary American Physicists. 2006. Archived from the original on 16 January 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
- ^ Geller, Margaret J. (1975). Bright galaxies in rich clusters: a statistical model for magnitude distributions.
- ^ a b M. J. Geller, A. Diaferio, & M. J. Kurtz, Astron. J, 142, 133 (2011).
- ^ "History of Women in Astronomy: Margaret Geller". w.astro.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2017-07-19.
- ^ "Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter G" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 16 April 2011.
- ^ "NAS Online Member Directory". National Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 18 October 2012.
- ^ De Lapparent, V; Geller, M. J; Huchra, J. P (1986). "A Slice of the Universe". The Astrophysical Journal. 302: L1. Bibcode:1986ApJ...302L...1D. doi:10.1086/184625.
- ^ M. J. Geller & J. P. Huchra, Science 246, 897 (1989).
- ^ Solomon, Deborah (2021-09-13). "All the World in a 'Slice' of Art". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-09-22.
- ^ a b c "Home | Margaret J. Geller". www.cfa.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2020-01-31.
- ^ W. R. Brown, M. J. Geller, S. J. Kenyon, and M. J. Kurtz, Astrophys. J. Letters 622, L33 (2005).
- ^ "Expedition Universe & Click! The Universe". Chautauqua Institution. Retrieved 18 October 2012.
- ^ "The Best Commencement Speeches, Ever". Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ^ "Margaret Geller: Mapping the Universe". Retrieved 10 Nov 2014.
- ^ Suplee, Curt (1999). Physics in the Twentieth Century. Henry N. Abrams. ISBN 978-0810943643.
- ^ DeVorkin, David (2002). Beyond Earth: Mapping the Universe. National Geographic. ISBN 978-0792264675.
- ^ Cornell, James (1992). Bubbles, Voids and Bumps in Time: The New Cosmology. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521426732.
- ^ "Margaret J. Geller". American Association for the Advancement of Science. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
- ^ "Meet the 1990 MacArthur Fellows". MacArthur Foundation. Retrieved 18 October 2012.
- ^ "Helen Sawyer Hogg Lecture". Canadian Astronomical Society. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2012.
- ^ "Klopsteg Memorial Award". American Association of Physics Teachers. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
- ^ "1997 Library Lion". New York Public Library. Retrieved 18 October 2012.
- ^ "la Medaille de l'ADION". Nice Observatory. Retrieved 18 October 2012.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 2009-04-17. Retrieved 2009-02-02.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 2014-02-21. Retrieved 2014-02-09.
- ^ . American Astronomical Society. Archived from the original on 22 December 2010. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
- ^ . National Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on 29 June 2010. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
- ^ "Julius Edgar Lilienfeld Prize". Retrieved 22 October 2012.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 2014-02-22. Retrieved 2014-02-09.
- ^ "Honorary Degree from Dartmouth College". Retrieved 2014-06-11.
- ^ "Margaret Geller, Laura Honoris Causa". Retrieved 2017-04-30.
- ^ "Margaret Geller, Queen of Galaxies". 2017-04-06. Retrieved 2017-04-30.
Further reading edit
- Shearer, Benjamin; Shearer, Barbara Smith (1997). Notable women in the physical sciences : a biographical dictionary. Westport, Conn. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0313293030. OCLC 433367323.
External links edit
- Margaret Geller's homepage at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
- Lecture: Einstein Meets Lagrange on YouTube at the Accademia delle Scienzia di Torino, April 2017
- Honorary degree ceremony on YouTube at the University of Turin, April 2017
- "The 50 Most Influential Scientists in the World Today". The Best Schools. 2014-01-21.
- Interview with Margaret Geller on YouTube at the 2013 meeting of the American Physical Society
- Margaret Geller's 2010 Lecture on YouTube at Chautauqua
- How to Find a Galaxy (Nova PBS) on YouTube
- Caught in the Cosmic Web
- Research Features Interview
- Margaret Geller on Charlie Rose