fbpx
Wikipedia

Marek Jan Chodakiewicz

January 01, 1970

Marek Jan Chodakiewicz (born July 15, 1962) is a Polish-American historian specializing in Central European history of the 19th and 20th centuries.[1] He teaches at the Patrick Henry College and at the Institute of World Politics. He has been described as conservative[2] and nationalistic,[3][2][4] and his attitude towards minorities has been widely criticized.[5][6][7][8]

Marek Jan Chodakiewicz
Born (1962-07-15) July 15, 1962 (age 61)
Warsaw, Poland
Academic background
EducationSFSU (BA)
Columbia University (MPhil, PhD)
Academic work
DisciplineHistory
Sub-disciplineWorld War II history
InstitutionsUniversity of Virginia
Institute of World Politics
Patrick Henry College

Early life and education

Chodakiewicz was born in Warsaw, Poland. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree from San Francisco State University in 1988, a M.A. from Columbia University in 1990, a M.Phil. from Columbia University in 1992, and a Ph.D. from Columbia University in 2001.[1]

Career

Between 2001 and 2003,[clarification needed] Chodakiewicz was an assistant professor at the University of Virginia as the holder of the Kościuszko Chair in Polish Studies of the Miller Center of Public Affairs. In 2003, Chodakiewicz was appointed research professor of history and in 2004 professor of history at the Institute of World Politics in Washington, D.C., where he teaches and conducts research on East Central Europe and Russia.[9] He is the Kościuszko Chair in Polish Studies at IWP.[1] Chodakiewicz has also served as adjunct professor of international telations at Patrick Henry College since 2008.[10]

In 2003, Chodakiewicz received the Józef Mackiewicz Literary Prize in Warsaw,[11] for his two-volume book of history entitled Ejszyszki.[12] According to Chodakiewicz, his work refutes Yaffa Eliach's allegations of a 1944 post-liberation pogrom in Eišiškės against Jews by the Polish Home Army, in which Eliach said she survived beneath the body of her mother and baby brother who were shot multiple times after being discovered hiding in a closet, and as promoted in the American media and her book.[13][14][15][16][17] Per Chodakiewicz, Jewish bystanders were killed accidentally during an "anti-Soviet assault by the underground", and not in a pogrom. However, per Chodakiewicz "unfortunately, and quite typically, unlike the charges, the refutation received no publicity in the American media".[18][19] Chodakiewicz's publication was reviewed positively in the Polish Gazeta Wyborcza newspaper, whose editor Adam Michnik had previously called Eliach's account an "insult" to Poland.[20][21]

In April 2005, Chodakiewicz was appointed by President George W. Bush for a five-year term to the United States Holocaust Memorial Council. Controversy erupted towards the end of his term over Chodakiewicz's claims in several publications that Polish nationalists who murdered Jews after the Holocaust were not motivated by antisemitism.[22] Chodakiewicz's appointment was criticized by the Southern Poverty Law Center, which said Chodakiewicz had published in far-right Polish publications.[7] In addition, the British anti-racism organization, Hope not Hate, has said Chodakiewicz is a frequent commentator for right-wing Polish media.[22][23]

Chodakiewicz is associated with the Polish National Foundation,[24] a "quasi-public organization funded by state-owned corporations to promote Poland's reputation abroad."[25] Within a period of two years, Chodakiewicz and his family received more than $250,000 from the foundation's funds.[26]

Reviews

After the Holocaust: Polish-Jewish Conflict in the Wake of World War II (2003)

Reviewing After the Holocaust: Polish-Jewish Conflict in the Wake of World War II (2003), Antony Polonsky wrote: "like the author's earlier book, Żydzi i Polacy 1918-1955... this volume is intended to correct 'anti-Polish stereotypes' (p. 347), and it does not rise above the clichés of old-fashioned nationalist apologetics." He criticizes Chodakiewicz for his simplistic view of the situation in post-war Poland, for ignoring the widespread antisemitism at the time and for equating Polish and Jewish "groups", despite the latter being utterly decimated during the Holocaust. He ends his article observing that "what is most striking about this book is the lack of empathy with those caught up in these tragic events."[27]

Klaus-Peter Friedrich, reviewing After the Holocaust: Polish-Jewish Conflict in the Wake of World War II, criticizes Chodakiewicz's work as "selective and impressionistic", and "marred by many contradictions".[28] Friedrich says that Chodakiewicz's manner of referring to fully assimilated Jews is similar to that used in radical right-wing media; he concludes that the book seems to be written with an aim rooted in the politics of commemoration.[28] Friedrich also reviewed Chodakiewicz's Between Nazis and Soviets: Occupation Politics in Poland, 1939–1947, a study of the Nazi and Soviet occupation in Janów Lubelski County in southeast Poland. He observes that as previous studies focused on large cities, Chodakiewicz's contribution is significant in terms of what is known of rural Poland. However, Friedrich criticizes Chodakiewicz's omission of prior research, in particular recent literature on collaboration.[28]

The Massacre in Jedwabne, July 10, 1941: Before, During, and After (2005)

Reviewing The Massacre in Jedwabne, July 10, 1941: Before, During, and After (2005) on the Jedwabne pogrom, Peter Stachura in a very positive review described the book as meticulous and well researched.[29] In contrast, Joanna Michlic in her review writes that the book presents "intellectually and morally unacceptable interpretations", being part of a "ethno-nationalist historiography" trend that promotes "an image of Poland as only heroic, suffering, noble, and innocent".[3] Piotr Wróbel in his review, says that Chodakiewicz's aim, as stated in the introduction, is to show Jan T. Gross is wrong. Wróbel acknowledges that Chodakiewicz makes some good arguments, however they are "overshadowed by numerous flaws" and the book lacks any sense of proportion. According to Wróbel, the book has a "visible political agenda" and is "difficult to read, unoriginal, irritating, and unconvincing".[30]

Golden Harvest or Hearts of Gold? (2012)

Golden Harvest or Hearts of Gold?, a 2012 collection of essays co-edited by Chodakiewicz, and a polemic with Gross' book Golden Harvest, was heavily criticized by Danusha Goska for anything from not using a spellchecker to "cherry picking" historical anecdotes, as well as for repeatedly attacking scholars on the other side of the debate.[31] David Engel said that the book "reaffirms the conventional Polish wisdom and impugns the academic integrity of prominent scholars (not only Gross) who have questioned it."[32]

Intermarium: The Land between the Black and Baltic Seas (2012)

Main article: Intermarium: The Land between the Black and Baltic Seas

Reviewing Intermarium: The Land between the Black and Baltic Seas (2012) for the Sarmatian Review, Karl A. Roider Jr. describes the main theme of the book as a struggle between the democratic Polish model and the Russian totalitarian model over the Intermarium which per Chodakiewicz's includes the Baltic States, Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova. Roider's review is relatively negative.[33] The review by Dovid Katz was also critical of the book, commenting the book's final chapter as a "hatchet job against Jewish partisans... [that] resorts to a number of abuses of academic structure to mask the genre of nationalist polemic."[2]

Peter Stachura published his more positive review of the book in The Slavonic and East European Review. He calls the book "impressively ambitious, panoramic examination of a substantial part of Central and Eastern Europe".[34] Silviu Miloiu's review of the book in Journal of Baltic Studies was also favorable; in his conclusion Miliou stated: "On the whole, the book is one of the most competent and well-written accounts of the Intermarium that I have read. It is based on an impressive range of sources. It sheds new light on historical and present-day processes".[35]

Alexander Prusin reviewing the book for the Slavic Review said the work seems to be rather derivative of and of lesser significance and quality to similar works published recently by scholars such as Timothy Snyder, Kate Brown or Piotr Wandycz although "it will certainly find propitious ground among those who favor a new cordon sanitaire in Europe".[36]

Donald E. Pienkos in his review published in The Polish Review in 2018, commented that the parts of the books focused on history of Eastern Europe make for a "worthy, if not flawless, publication", but is more critical of its polemical part in which "the author castigates western scholars for their alleged ignorance of the region and their Russofilia", concluding that the polemical part significantly lowers the overall quality of the book.[37]

Critical assessment

Chodakiewicz wrote several books in response to works by Jan T. Gross about The Holocaust in Poland. His approach to the Holocaust was criticized by Joanna Michlic as an attempt to erase the "dark past" by showing only a "good past".[38] Other critics have criticized Chodakiewicz for his reluctance to accept Polish responsibility for the Kielce pogrom.[39] Critics take particular issue with Chodakiewicz's argument that Jewish-born communist partisans' and functionaries' killing of Poles during the Soviet occupation "contextualizes", if not justifies, Polish violence against Jews. Laurence Weinbaum compares Chodakiewicz's writing to pseudo-scholarly screeds and says that Chodakiewicz believes that scholars of antisemitism in Poland are advancing an "anti-Western" and "anti-American" agenda.[40]

Joanna Michlic characterizes Chodakiewicz as one of "the main representatives of the post-1989 historiography characterized by prejudicial views towards Jews and other minorities ... These historians belong to the school of (ethno)nationalist history writing in which the themes of martyrdom and victimhood of ethnic Poles vis-a-vis other groups play a key role in shaping their arguments and interpretation", with Chodakiewicz being the most extreme of the lot.[6]

Jan T. Gross was quoted as saying that "[Chodakiewicz] is an ideologist of the radical right, I don't have any doubts that he's anti-Semitic."[7][22][41] While Polish-Canadian historian Piotr Wróbel said that "he would never use a phrase or adjective that would clearly identify him as an anti-Semite", but "There is no doubt whatsoever that he doesn't like the Jews.".[7] Chodakiewicz rejected the allegations as "baseless", and his term on the council ended in 2010.[22]

Andrzej Żbikowski writes that Chodakiewicz, along with Jan Żaryn, leads the "nationalist/national democratic camp" of Polish historians, affiliated with Fronda and Glaukopis, "a publication that has arisen mainly to rehabilitate unconditionally the wartime activities of the [nationalist] Narodowe Siły Zbrojne (NSZ)." Chodakiewicz's writing, according to Żbikowski, is characterized by selective usage of examples, justification of Poles' negative attitudes towards Jews during the war, and a lack of empathy with Jewish victims.[8]

In his critical review of Intermarium in the Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs, Dovid Katz writes that Chodakiewicz "is a forceful advocate of a Republican Party-type platform, with ample specific references to the Reagan years ... [he] is socially conservative—that is to say pro-religion, anti-secularist, anti-gay, anti-left, and anti-liberal. [In his writings] there is an implicit call for the disenfranchisement of the Russian-speaking minorities in [Eastern Europe and the Baltic states]. ... [He] is also somewhat fixated with the purported dangers of 'homosexual frolic' and 'so-called "gay pride" parades' (both p. 253), 'gay liberation' (p. 378), 'radical lifestyles' (p. 421), 'gender, queer and other guises' (p. 468), 'sexual politics (including feminism and gay rights)' (p. 528) ... Turning to Jewish issues, it is no secret that Chodakiewicz comes to the table with a controversial record that has included disguising Polish nationalism and anti-Jewish sentiment on Poland-related issues as objective historical research. Notorious episodes include his vitriolic attacks on Jan T. Gross's pioneering scholarship and the omniscient search for Jews among the evil Communists." Katz writes that Chodakiewicz "winds up praising the Ukrainian Nazi groups that actually helped perpetrate the Holocaust". He contrasts Chodakiewicz's work with that of Western scholars like Timothy Snyder (Bloodlands, 2012) and Alexander Prusin (The Lands Between: Conflict in the East European Borderlands, 1870–1992, 2010)."[2]

Chodakiewicz has been accused of promulgating antisemitic or insensitive tropes about Jewish people, and his works were involved in a controversy involving the possible skewed coverage of the Holocaust on Wikipedia.[42]

Political and sexuality-related views

In July 2008, Chodakiewicz wrote that Barack Obama was once a Muslim, a radical, and associate of communists.[7][43] In 2014, Chodakiewicz spoke at a rally of the Ruch Narodowy party, saying: "We want a Catholic Poland, not a Bolshevik one, not multicultural or gay!".[22]

In July 2017, Chodakiewicz helped draft US President Donald Trump's speech delivered at Warsaw Uprising Monument, and traveled with the Presidential delegation.[22][23][44]

In 2019, Chodakiewicz released the book About the Civilization of Death: How to stop the anti-culture of totalitarian minorities, stating: "I saw with my own eyes how LGBT, gender, and feminism emerged from the underground and was gradually embraced in American politics: introducing a new version of Marxism that I call Marxism-Lesbianism."[45] In July 2019, during a book tour in Poland,[46][45][5][47] Chodakiewicz gave a talk at the Institute of National Remembrance's Janusz Kurtyka IPN Educational Center in Warsaw.[45] During the talk, which was moderated by Najwyższy Czas! editor Tomasz Sommer, Chodakiewicz made severely homophobic remarks. For example, he described the urban legend of "gerbilling" as factual.[46][5]

Awards

Books

  • 1996 [1995]: Ciemnogród? O Prawicy i Lewicy [Hicksville? On the Right and Left] Ronin Publishers, ISBN 83-86445-00-9 (in Polish).
  • 1997: Zagrabiona pamięć: Wojna w Hiszpanii, 1936–39 [Expropriated Memory: War in Spain], wyd. Fronda, ISBN 83-907210-2-4 (in Polish).
  • 1997–1999: Co-editor: Tajne Oblicze: Dokumenty GL-AL i PPR, 1942-1945 [Secret Face: Documents of the Communist underground], 3 vols. Burchard Edition, ISBN 83-87654-03-5 (in Polish).
  • 1994, 1999: Narodowe Siły Zbrojne: „Ząb" przeciw dwu wrogom [National Armed Forces: „Ząb" against two enemies], wyd. WAMA, 2nd. ed. Fronda, ISBN 83-911097-1-2 (in Polish).
  • 2000: Żydzi i Polacy 1918–1955: Współistnienie, Zagłada, Komunizm [Jews and Poles 1918–1955: Coexistence, Holocaust, Communism], wyd. Fronda, ISBN 83-912541-8-6 (in Polish).
  • 2002: Editor: Ejszyszki. Kulisy zajść w Ejszyszkach: Epilog stosunków polsko-żydowskich na Kresach, 1944–45: Wspomnienia-dokumenty-publicystyka [Ejszyszki: The Background to events in Ejszyszki: The Epilogue of Polish-Jewish relations in the Borderlands], wyd. Fronda, ISBN 83-911063-3-0 (in Polish).
  • 2003: Co-editor: Spanish Carlism and Polish Nationalism: The Borderlands of Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries, Leopolis Press, ISBN 0-9679960-5-8.
  • 2003: After the Holocaust: Polish-Jewish Relations in the Wake of World War II, East European Monographs, ISBN 0-88033-511-4.
  • 2003: Co-editor: Poland's Transformation: A Work in Progress, Leopolis Press, ISBN 0-9679960-2-3
  • 2004: Co-editor: Ronald Reagan: Moja wizja Ameryki [My vision of America], Wydawnictwo Arwil, ISBN 83-919221-5-4 (in Polish).
  • 2004: Between Nazis and Soviets: Occupation Politics in Poland, 1939–1947, Lexington Books, ISBN 0-7391-0484-5.
  • 2005: The Massacre in Jedwabne, July 10, 1941: Before, During, After, Columbia University Press and East European Monographs, ISBN 0-88033-554-8.
  • 2010: Co-editor, with Wojciech Jerzy Muszyński, Żeby Polska była polska: Antologia publicystyki konspiracyjnej podziemia narodowego 1939–1950 [So That Poland Remains Polish: An Anthology of the Polish Nationalist Underground Press] (Warsaw: IPN, 2010), ISBN 9788376292120.
  • 2011: Co-editor, with Wojciech Jerzy Muszyński, Złote serca czy złote żniwa. Studia nad wojennymi losami Polaków i Żydów [Hearts of Gold or a Golden Harvest? Studies on the Wartime Fate of Poles and Jews] (Warsaw: The Facto, 2011), ISBN 978-8361808053.
  • 2012: Co-editor, with Wojciech Jerzy Muszynski and Pawel Styrna, Golden Harvest or Hearts of Gold? Studies on the Fate of Wartime Poles and Jews (Washington, DC: Leopolis Press), ISBN 0-9824888-1-5.
  • 2012: Intermarium: The Land between the Black and Baltic Seas (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers), ISBN 978-1412847742.
  • 2019: About the Civilization of Death: How to stop the anti-culture of totalitarian minorities (Warsaw, 3S Media), ISBN 978-83-619-3599-5.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Marek Jan Chodakiewicz biography at the Institute of World Politics. 2011-05-22 at the Wayback Machine Washington, DC
  2. ^ a b c d Katz, Dovid (2013). "Review of Intermarium". Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs. 7 (2): 125–193. doi:10.1080/23739770.2013.11446559. ISSN 2373-9770. S2CID 219289929.
  3. ^ a b Inversion of the Historical Truth about Jedwabne, Joanna Michlic, American Association for Polish-Jewish Studies
  4. ^ Weinbaum, Laurence (2008-05-23). "Whoever Controls the Past". Haaretz. Retrieved 2019-05-10.
  5. ^ a b c "Wykład pod auspicjami IPN. Chodakiewicz opowiadał m.in. o "chomiku w odbytnicy"". Wiadomości (in Polish). August 3, 2019.
  6. ^ a b Michlic, Joanna (2007). "The Soviet Occupation of Poland, 1939–41, and the Stereotype of the Anti-Polish and Pro-Soviet Jew". Jewish Social Studies. 13 (3): 135–176. JSTOR 4467778.
  7. ^ a b c d e Historian Marek Jan Chodakiewicz with Controversial Views Serves on Holocaust Museum Board, SPLC, 29 November 2009
  8. ^ a b Żbikowski, Andrzej (2018). "The Dispute over the Status of a Witness to the Holocaust: Some Observations on How Research into the Destruction of the Polish Jews and into Polish–Jewish Relations during the Years of Nazi Occupation Has Changed since 1989". In Antony Polonsky; Hanna Węgrzynek (eds.). New directions in the history of the Jews in the Polish lands. Jews of Poland. Boston, MA: Academic Studies Press. ISBN 978-83-949149-0-5.
  9. ^ The Institute of World Politics Faculty. 2015-02-27 at the Wayback Machine IWP Graduate School of National Security and International Affairs, Washington, DC
  10. ^ Patrick Henry College. "Marek J. Chodakiewicz, Ph.D.". Retrieved 5 May 2013.
  11. ^ PAP (November 11, 2003). "Jozef Mackiewicz Literary Prize". Culture.pl.
  12. ^ Literary Award Józef Mackiewicz. Only the truth is interesting, Polska Times, 8 Nov 2017
  13. ^ The Pogrom at Eishyshok, Op Ed, New York Times, Yaffa Eliach, 6 Aug 1996
  14. ^ There Once Was a World: A 900-Year Chronicle of the Shtetl of Eishyshok, 1999, Yaffa Eliach
  15. ^ "Shtetl". Frontline. Retrieved 2017-08-15.
  16. ^ Life Beyond the Holocaust: Memories and Realities, Mira Ryczke Kimmelman, page xxiv
  17. ^ Family Frames: Photography, Narrative, and Postmemory, Marianne Hirsch, page 256
  18. ^ Poland in America's Crooked Mirror: An Installment in Culture Wars, Marek Jan Chodakiewicz, Feb 2008
  19. ^ The Last Rising in the Eastern Borderlands: The Ejszyszki Epilogue in its Historical Context 2011-09-27 at the Wayback Machine, Marek Jan Chodakiewicz, 2003
  20. ^ Ejszyszki, Chodakiewicz, Marek Jan Paweł Wroński 4 January 2004 Gazeta Wyborcza
  21. ^ Polish paper: fanaticism in New York Times, UPI, 8 Aug 1996
  22. ^ a b c d e f "Did a Polish Far Right Activist Help Donald Trump Write His Speech in Warsaw?, Newsweek, 6 July 2017
  23. ^ a b "Trump's Visit to Poland Ignites Controversy Over Far Right Links", Hope not Hate, 5 July 2017
  24. ^ "Polish public promotion scheme backfires". Politico. 2019-09-18. Retrieved 2019-10-16.
  25. ^ Feder, J. Lester; Krasnowolski, Marcin (2018-03-03). "The First People Have Just Been Accused Of Violating Poland's New Holocaust Law". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved 2019-10-16.
  26. ^ Stankiewicz, Andrzej (2019-09-18). "Opowieści o wydatkach Polskiej Fundacji Narodowej w USA część 2, czyli rodzina na swoim". Onet.pl. Retrieved 2019-10-16.
  27. ^ Polonsky, Antony (June 2004). "Reviews of Books:After the Holocaust: Polish-Jewish Conflict in the Wake of World War II Marek Jan Chodakiewicz". The American Historical Review. 109 (3): 1000–1001. doi:10.1086/530716. ISSN 0002-8762. JSTOR 10.1086/530716.
  28. ^ a b c Friedrich, Klaus-Peter (2007-03-01). "Reviews of Jewish Life in Cracow, 1918–1939, Sean Martin (London: Vallentine Mitchell, 2004); After the Holocaust: Polish-Jewish Conflict in the Wake of World War II, Jan Chodakiewicz Marek (Boulder: Social Science Monographs [distributed by Columbia University Press], 2003); Between Nazis and Soviets: Occupation Politics in Poland, 1939–1947, Jan Chodakiewicz Marek (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2004), 497 pp.; The Neighbors Respond: The Controversy over the Jedwabne Massacre in Poland, Polonsky Antony and Michlic Joanna B., eds. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003), xiv + 489 pp.; Antisemitism and Its Opponents in Modern Poland, Blobaum Robert, ed. (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2005), 348 pp". Holocaust and Genocide Studies. 21 (1): 135–146. doi:10.1093/hgs/dcm014. ISSN 8756-6583.
  29. ^ Stachura, Peter D. "The Massacre in Jedwabne, July 10, 1941: Before, During, and After‐By Marek Jan Chodakiewicz." History 92.306 (2007): 276–277.
  30. ^ "The Massacre in Jedwabne: SR, September 2006". www.ruf.rice.edu.
  31. ^ Goska, Danusha. "Golden Harvest or Hearts of Gold? Studies on the Fate of Wartime Poles and Jews". Polin. The American Association for Polish-Jewish Studies. Retrieved 5 June 2012.
  32. ^ Engel, David (2013). "[Review] Golden Harvest: Events at the Periphery of the Holocaust. By Jan Tomasz Gross with Irena Grudzihska Gross. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012". Slavic Review. 72 (1): 124–126. doi:10.5612/slavicreview.72.1.0124. ISSN 0037-6779. S2CID 164899278.
  33. ^ "Roider, Karl A. "Intermarium: The Land Between The Black and Baltic Seas." Sarmatian Review 33.3 (2013): 1776–1778" (PDF).
  34. ^ Stachura, Peter D. (2013). "Review of Intermarium: The Land between the Black and Baltic Seas, Chodakiewicz, Marek Jan". The Slavonic and East European Review. 91 (3): 662–664. doi:10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.91.3.0662.
  35. ^ Miloiu, Silviu (2014-08-27). "Intermarium: The Land between the Black and Baltic Seas–Silviu Miloiu". Journal of Baltic Studies. 45 (4): 545–547. doi:10.1080/01629778.2014.954759. ISSN 0162-9778. S2CID 145292575.
  36. ^ Prusin, Alexander (Spring 2014). "Intermarium: The Land between the Black and Baltic Seas. By Marek Jan Chodakiewicz". Book Reviews. Slavic Review. 73 (1): 163–164. doi:10.5612/slavicreview.73.1.0163. ISSN 0037-6779. S2CID 164990528.
  37. ^ Pienkos, Donald E. (2018). "Review of Intermarium: The Land Between the Black and Baltic Seas". The Polish Review. 63 (1): 85–87. doi:10.5406/polishreview.63.1.0085. ISSN 0032-2970. JSTOR 10.5406/polishreview.63.1.0085.
  38. ^ The Holocaust in the Twenty-First Century: Contesting/Contested Memories, David M. Seymour, Mercedes Camino, p. 143.
  39. ^ Kaminski, L. Żaryn, J. (2006). Reflections on the Kielce pogrom. Inst. of nat. remembrance-Commiss. for the prosecution of crimes against the Polish nation. pp. 129–131
  40. ^ Weinbaum, Laurence, "Amnesia and Antisemitism in the 'Second Jagiellonian Age', in Robert S. Wistrich, ed., Anti-Judaism, Antisemitism, and Delegitimizing Israel, University of Nebraska Press, 2016, pp. 222–223.
  41. ^ Anti-Semitism Book Could Land Historian in Jail, Spiegel, 18 Jan 2018
  42. ^ Grabowski, Jan; Klein, Shira (2023-04-03). "Wikipedia's Intentional Distortion of the History of the Holocaust". The Journal of Holocaust Research. 37 (2): 133–190. doi:10.1080/25785648.2023.2168939. ISSN 2578-5648.
  43. ^ Obama's Mirroring, Marek Jan Chodakiewicz, Salon24
  44. ^ Donald Trump’s Visit to Poland Further Emboldens Far-Right Elements, SPLC, 17 July 2017
  45. ^ a b c "IPN odnosi się do wykładu prof. Chodakiewicza, na którym obrażał osoby homoseksualne". Onet Wiadomości. August 8, 2019.
  46. ^ a b "Wyborcza.pl". wyborcza.pl.
  47. ^ "PFN, czyli jak państwo PiS dba o swoich". 18 September 2019.
  48. ^ "Jozef Mackiewicz Literary Prize". Culture.pl. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  49. ^ "Postanowienie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 3 maja 2007 r. o nadaniu orderów". prawo.sejm.gov.pl. Retrieved 2018-11-20.

External links

  • After the Holocaust:Polish-Jewish Conflict in the Wake of World War II, The Sarmatian Review, January 2004 book review
  • book review
  • Whoever controls the past Discussion of Chodakiewicz' work in Haaretz.

January 01, 1970
marek, chodakiewicz, born, july, 1962, polish, american, historian, specializing, central, european, history, 19th, 20th, centuries, teaches, patrick, henry, college, institute, world, politics, been, described, conservative, nationalistic, attitude, towards, . Marek Jan Chodakiewicz born July 15 1962 is a Polish American historian specializing in Central European history of the 19th and 20th centuries 1 He teaches at the Patrick Henry College and at the Institute of World Politics He has been described as conservative 2 and nationalistic 3 2 4 and his attitude towards minorities has been widely criticized 5 6 7 8 Marek Jan ChodakiewiczBorn 1962 07 15 July 15 1962 age 61 Warsaw PolandAcademic backgroundEducationSFSU BA Columbia University MPhil PhD Academic workDisciplineHistorySub disciplineWorld War II historyInstitutionsUniversity of VirginiaInstitute of World PoliticsPatrick Henry College Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Career 3 Reviews 3 1 After the Holocaust Polish Jewish Conflict in the Wake of World War II 2003 3 2 The Massacre in Jedwabne July 10 1941 Before During and After 2005 3 3 Golden Harvest or Hearts of Gold 2012 3 4 Intermarium The Land between the Black and Baltic Seas 2012 4 Critical assessment 5 Political and sexuality related views 6 Awards 7 Books 8 See also 9 References 10 External linksEarly life and educationChodakiewicz was born in Warsaw Poland He earned a Bachelor of Science degree from San Francisco State University in 1988 a M A from Columbia University in 1990 a M Phil from Columbia University in 1992 and a Ph D from Columbia University in 2001 1 CareerBetween 2001 and 2003 clarification needed Chodakiewicz was an assistant professor at the University of Virginia as the holder of the Kosciuszko Chair in Polish Studies of the Miller Center of Public Affairs In 2003 Chodakiewicz was appointed research professor of history and in 2004 professor of history at the Institute of World Politics in Washington D C where he teaches and conducts research on East Central Europe and Russia 9 He is the Kosciuszko Chair in Polish Studies at IWP 1 Chodakiewicz has also served as adjunct professor of international telations at Patrick Henry College since 2008 10 In 2003 Chodakiewicz received the Jozef Mackiewicz Literary Prize in Warsaw 11 for his two volume book of history entitled Ejszyszki 12 According to Chodakiewicz his work refutes Yaffa Eliach s allegations of a 1944 post liberation pogrom in Eisiskes against Jews by the Polish Home Army in which Eliach said she survived beneath the body of her mother and baby brother who were shot multiple times after being discovered hiding in a closet and as promoted in the American media and her book 13 14 15 16 17 Per Chodakiewicz Jewish bystanders were killed accidentally during an anti Soviet assault by the underground and not in a pogrom However per Chodakiewicz unfortunately and quite typically unlike the charges the refutation received no publicity in the American media 18 19 Chodakiewicz s publication was reviewed positively in the Polish Gazeta Wyborcza newspaper whose editor Adam Michnik had previously called Eliach s account an insult to Poland 20 21 In April 2005 Chodakiewicz was appointed by President George W Bush for a five year term to the United States Holocaust Memorial Council Controversy erupted towards the end of his term over Chodakiewicz s claims in several publications that Polish nationalists who murdered Jews after the Holocaust were not motivated by antisemitism 22 Chodakiewicz s appointment was criticized by the Southern Poverty Law Center which said Chodakiewicz had published in far right Polish publications 7 In addition the British anti racism organization Hope not Hate has said Chodakiewicz is a frequent commentator for right wing Polish media 22 23 Chodakiewicz is associated with the Polish National Foundation 24 a quasi public organization funded by state owned corporations to promote Poland s reputation abroad 25 Within a period of two years Chodakiewicz and his family received more than 250 000 from the foundation s funds 26 ReviewsAfter the Holocaust Polish Jewish Conflict in the Wake of World War II 2003 Reviewing After the Holocaust Polish Jewish Conflict in the Wake of World War II 2003 Antony Polonsky wrote like the author s earlier book Zydzi i Polacy 1918 1955 this volume is intended to correct anti Polish stereotypes p 347 and it does not rise above the cliches of old fashioned nationalist apologetics He criticizes Chodakiewicz for his simplistic view of the situation in post war Poland for ignoring the widespread antisemitism at the time and for equating Polish and Jewish groups despite the latter being utterly decimated during the Holocaust He ends his article observing that what is most striking about this book is the lack of empathy with those caught up in these tragic events 27 Klaus Peter Friedrich reviewing After the Holocaust Polish Jewish Conflict in the Wake of World War II criticizes Chodakiewicz s work as selective and impressionistic and marred by many contradictions 28 Friedrich says that Chodakiewicz s manner of referring to fully assimilated Jews is similar to that used in radical right wing media he concludes that the book seems to be written with an aim rooted in the politics of commemoration 28 Friedrich also reviewed Chodakiewicz s Between Nazis and Soviets Occupation Politics in Poland 1939 1947 a study of the Nazi and Soviet occupation in Janow Lubelski County in southeast Poland He observes that as previous studies focused on large cities Chodakiewicz s contribution is significant in terms of what is known of rural Poland However Friedrich criticizes Chodakiewicz s omission of prior research in particular recent literature on collaboration 28 The Massacre in Jedwabne July 10 1941 Before During and After 2005 Reviewing The Massacre in Jedwabne July 10 1941 Before During and After 2005 on the Jedwabne pogrom Peter Stachura in a very positive review described the book as meticulous and well researched 29 In contrast Joanna Michlic in her review writes that the book presents intellectually and morally unacceptable interpretations being part of a ethno nationalist historiography trend that promotes an image of Poland as only heroic suffering noble and innocent 3 Piotr Wrobel in his review says that Chodakiewicz s aim as stated in the introduction is to show Jan T Gross is wrong Wrobel acknowledges that Chodakiewicz makes some good arguments however they are overshadowed by numerous flaws and the book lacks any sense of proportion According to Wrobel the book has a visible political agenda and is difficult to read unoriginal irritating and unconvincing 30 Golden Harvest or Hearts of Gold 2012 Golden Harvest or Hearts of Gold a 2012 collection of essays co edited by Chodakiewicz and a polemic with Gross book Golden Harvest was heavily criticized by Danusha Goska for anything from not using a spellchecker to cherry picking historical anecdotes as well as for repeatedly attacking scholars on the other side of the debate 31 David Engel said that the book reaffirms the conventional Polish wisdom and impugns the academic integrity of prominent scholars not only Gross who have questioned it 32 Intermarium The Land between the Black and Baltic Seas 2012 Main article Intermarium The Land between the Black and Baltic Seas Reviewing Intermarium The Land between the Black and Baltic Seas 2012 for the Sarmatian Review Karl A Roider Jr describes the main theme of the book as a struggle between the democratic Polish model and the Russian totalitarian model over the Intermarium which per Chodakiewicz s includes the Baltic States Ukraine Belarus and Moldova Roider s review is relatively negative 33 The review by Dovid Katz was also critical of the book commenting the book s final chapter as a hatchet job against Jewish partisans that resorts to a number of abuses of academic structure to mask the genre of nationalist polemic 2 Peter Stachura published his more positive review of the book in The Slavonic and East European Review He calls the book impressively ambitious panoramic examination of a substantial part of Central and Eastern Europe 34 Silviu Miloiu s review of the book in Journal of Baltic Studies was also favorable in his conclusion Miliou stated On the whole the book is one of the most competent and well written accounts of the Intermarium that I have read It is based on an impressive range of sources It sheds new light on historical and present day processes 35 Alexander Prusin reviewing the book for the Slavic Review said the work seems to be rather derivative of and of lesser significance and quality to similar works published recently by scholars such as Timothy Snyder Kate Brown or Piotr Wandycz although it will certainly find propitious ground among those who favor a new cordon sanitaire in Europe 36 Donald E Pienkos in his review published in The Polish Review in 2018 commented that the parts of the books focused on history of Eastern Europe make for a worthy if not flawless publication but is more critical of its polemical part in which the author castigates western scholars for their alleged ignorance of the region and their Russofilia concluding that the polemical part significantly lowers the overall quality of the book 37 Critical assessmentChodakiewicz wrote several books in response to works by Jan T Gross about The Holocaust in Poland His approach to the Holocaust was criticized by Joanna Michlic as an attempt to erase the dark past by showing only a good past 38 Other critics have criticized Chodakiewicz for his reluctance to accept Polish responsibility for the Kielce pogrom 39 Critics take particular issue with Chodakiewicz s argument that Jewish born communist partisans and functionaries killing of Poles during the Soviet occupation contextualizes if not justifies Polish violence against Jews Laurence Weinbaum compares Chodakiewicz s writing to pseudo scholarly screeds and says that Chodakiewicz believes that scholars of antisemitism in Poland are advancing an anti Western and anti American agenda 40 Joanna Michlic characterizes Chodakiewicz as one of the main representatives of the post 1989 historiography characterized by prejudicial views towards Jews and other minorities These historians belong to the school of ethno nationalist history writing in which the themes of martyrdom and victimhood of ethnic Poles vis a vis other groups play a key role in shaping their arguments and interpretation with Chodakiewicz being the most extreme of the lot 6 Jan T Gross was quoted as saying that Chodakiewicz is an ideologist of the radical right I don t have any doubts that he s anti Semitic 7 22 41 While Polish Canadian historian Piotr Wrobel said that he would never use a phrase or adjective that would clearly identify him as an anti Semite but There is no doubt whatsoever that he doesn t like the Jews 7 Chodakiewicz rejected the allegations as baseless and his term on the council ended in 2010 22 Andrzej Zbikowski writes that Chodakiewicz along with Jan Zaryn leads the nationalist national democratic camp of Polish historians affiliated with Fronda and Glaukopis a publication that has arisen mainly to rehabilitate unconditionally the wartime activities of the nationalist Narodowe Sily Zbrojne NSZ Chodakiewicz s writing according to Zbikowski is characterized by selective usage of examples justification of Poles negative attitudes towards Jews during the war and a lack of empathy with Jewish victims 8 In his critical review of Intermarium in the Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs Dovid Katz writes that Chodakiewicz is a forceful advocate of a Republican Party type platform with ample specific references to the Reagan years he is socially conservative that is to say pro religion anti secularist anti gay anti left and anti liberal In his writings there is an implicit call for the disenfranchisement of the Russian speaking minorities in Eastern Europe and the Baltic states He is also somewhat fixated with the purported dangers of homosexual frolic and so called gay pride parades both p 253 gay liberation p 378 radical lifestyles p 421 gender queer and other guises p 468 sexual politics including feminism and gay rights p 528 Turning to Jewish issues it is no secret that Chodakiewicz comes to the table with a controversial record that has included disguising Polish nationalism and anti Jewish sentiment on Poland related issues as objective historical research Notorious episodes include his vitriolic attacks on Jan T Gross s pioneering scholarship and the omniscient search for Jews among the evil Communists Katz writes that Chodakiewicz winds up praising the Ukrainian Nazi groups that actually helped perpetrate the Holocaust He contrasts Chodakiewicz s work with that of Western scholars like Timothy Snyder Bloodlands 2012 and Alexander Prusin The Lands Between Conflict in the East European Borderlands 1870 1992 2010 2 Chodakiewicz has been accused of promulgating antisemitic or insensitive tropes about Jewish people and his works were involved in a controversy involving the possible skewed coverage of the Holocaust on Wikipedia 42 Political and sexuality related viewsIn July 2008 Chodakiewicz wrote that Barack Obama was once a Muslim a radical and associate of communists 7 43 In 2014 Chodakiewicz spoke at a rally of the Ruch Narodowy party saying We want a Catholic Poland not a Bolshevik one not multicultural or gay 22 In July 2017 Chodakiewicz helped draft US President Donald Trump s speech delivered at Warsaw Uprising Monument and traveled with the Presidential delegation 22 23 44 In 2019 Chodakiewicz released the book About the Civilization of Death How to stop the anti culture of totalitarian minorities stating I saw with my own eyes how LGBT gender and feminism emerged from the underground and was gradually embraced in American politics introducing a new version of Marxism that I call Marxism Lesbianism 45 In July 2019 during a book tour in Poland 46 45 5 47 Chodakiewicz gave a talk at the Institute of National Remembrance s Janusz Kurtyka IPN Educational Center in Warsaw 45 During the talk which was moderated by Najwyzszy Czas editor Tomasz Sommer Chodakiewicz made severely homophobic remarks For example he described the urban legend of gerbilling as factual 46 5 Awards2003 Jozef Mackiewicz Literary Award 48 Order of Polonia Restituta 2007 49 Books1996 1995 Ciemnogrod O Prawicy i Lewicy Hicksville On the Right and Left Ronin Publishers ISBN 83 86445 00 9 in Polish 1997 Zagrabiona pamiec Wojna w Hiszpanii 1936 39 Expropriated Memory War in Spain wyd Fronda ISBN 83 907210 2 4 in Polish 1997 1999 Co editor Tajne Oblicze Dokumenty GL AL i PPR 1942 1945 Secret Face Documents of the Communist underground 3 vols Burchard Edition ISBN 83 87654 03 5 in Polish 1994 1999 Narodowe Sily Zbrojne Zab przeciw dwu wrogom National Armed Forces Zab against two enemies wyd WAMA 2nd ed Fronda ISBN 83 911097 1 2 in Polish 2000 Zydzi i Polacy 1918 1955 Wspolistnienie Zaglada Komunizm Jews and Poles 1918 1955 Coexistence Holocaust Communism wyd Fronda ISBN 83 912541 8 6 in Polish 2002 Editor Ejszyszki Kulisy zajsc w Ejszyszkach Epilog stosunkow polsko zydowskich na Kresach 1944 45 Wspomnienia dokumenty publicystyka Ejszyszki The Background to events in Ejszyszki The Epilogue of Polish Jewish relations in the Borderlands wyd Fronda ISBN 83 911063 3 0 in Polish 2003 Co editor Spanish Carlism and Polish Nationalism The Borderlands of Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries Leopolis Press ISBN 0 9679960 5 8 2003 After the Holocaust Polish Jewish Relations in the Wake of World War II East European Monographs ISBN 0 88033 511 4 2003 Co editor Poland s Transformation A Work in Progress Leopolis Press ISBN 0 9679960 2 3 2004 Co editor Ronald Reagan Moja wizja Ameryki My vision of America Wydawnictwo Arwil ISBN 83 919221 5 4 in Polish 2004 Between Nazis and Soviets Occupation Politics in Poland 1939 1947 Lexington Books ISBN 0 7391 0484 5 2005 The Massacre in Jedwabne July 10 1941 Before During After Columbia University Press and East European Monographs ISBN 0 88033 554 8 2010 Co editor with Wojciech Jerzy Muszynski Zeby Polska byla polska Antologia publicystyki konspiracyjnej podziemia narodowego 1939 1950 So That Poland Remains Polish An Anthology of the Polish Nationalist Underground Press Warsaw IPN 2010 ISBN 9788376292120 2011 Co editor with Wojciech Jerzy Muszynski Zlote serca czy zlote zniwa Studia nad wojennymi losami Polakow i Zydow Hearts of Gold or a Golden Harvest Studies on the Wartime Fate of Poles and Jews Warsaw The Facto 2011 ISBN 978 8361808053 2012 Co editor with Wojciech Jerzy Muszynski and Pawel Styrna Golden Harvest or Hearts of Gold Studies on the Fate of Wartime Poles and Jews Washington DC Leopolis Press ISBN 0 9824888 1 5 2012 Intermarium The Land between the Black and Baltic Seas New Brunswick NJ Transaction Publishers ISBN 978 1412847742 2019 About the Civilization of Death How to stop the anti culture of totalitarian minorities Warsaw 3S Media ISBN 978 83 619 3599 5 See alsoList of PolesReferences a b c Marek Jan Chodakiewicz biography at the Institute of World Politics Archived 2011 05 22 at the Wayback Machine Washington DC a b c d Katz Dovid 2013 Review of Intermarium Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs 7 2 125 193 doi 10 1080 23739770 2013 11446559 ISSN 2373 9770 S2CID 219289929 a b Inversion of the Historical Truth about Jedwabne Joanna Michlic American Association for Polish Jewish Studies Weinbaum Laurence 2008 05 23 Whoever Controls the Past Haaretz Retrieved 2019 05 10 a b c Wyklad pod auspicjami IPN Chodakiewicz opowiadal m in o chomiku w odbytnicy Wiadomosci in Polish August 3 2019 a b Michlic Joanna 2007 The Soviet Occupation of Poland 1939 41 and the Stereotype of the Anti Polish and Pro Soviet Jew Jewish Social Studies 13 3 135 176 JSTOR 4467778 a b c d e Historian Marek Jan Chodakiewicz with Controversial Views Serves on Holocaust Museum Board SPLC 29 November 2009 a b Zbikowski Andrzej 2018 The Dispute over the Status of a Witness to the Holocaust Some Observations on How Research into the Destruction of the Polish Jews and into Polish Jewish Relations during the Years of Nazi Occupation Has Changed since 1989 In Antony Polonsky Hanna Wegrzynek eds New directions in the history of the Jews in the Polish lands Jews of Poland Boston MA Academic Studies Press ISBN 978 83 949149 0 5 The Institute of World Politics Faculty Archived 2015 02 27 at the Wayback Machine IWP Graduate School of National Security and International Affairs Washington DC Patrick Henry College Marek J Chodakiewicz Ph D Retrieved 5 May 2013 PAP November 11 2003 Jozef Mackiewicz Literary Prize Culture pl Literary Award Jozef Mackiewicz Only the truth is interesting Polska Times 8 Nov 2017 The Pogrom at Eishyshok Op Ed New York Times Yaffa Eliach 6 Aug 1996 There Once Was a World A 900 Year Chronicle of the Shtetl of Eishyshok 1999 Yaffa Eliach Shtetl Frontline Retrieved 2017 08 15 Life Beyond the Holocaust Memories and Realities Mira Ryczke Kimmelman page xxiv Family Frames Photography Narrative and Postmemory Marianne Hirsch page 256 Poland in America s Crooked Mirror An Installment in Culture Wars Marek Jan Chodakiewicz Feb 2008 The Last Rising in the Eastern Borderlands The Ejszyszki Epilogue in its Historical Context Archived 2011 09 27 at the Wayback Machine Marek Jan Chodakiewicz 2003 Ejszyszki Chodakiewicz Marek Jan Pawel Wronski 4 January 2004 Gazeta Wyborcza Polish paper fanaticism in New York Times UPI 8 Aug 1996 a b c d e f Did a Polish Far Right Activist Help Donald Trump Write His Speech in Warsaw Newsweek 6 July 2017 a b Trump s Visit to Poland Ignites Controversy Over Far Right Links Hope not Hate 5 July 2017 Polish public promotion scheme backfires Politico 2019 09 18 Retrieved 2019 10 16 Feder J Lester Krasnowolski Marcin 2018 03 03 The First People Have Just Been Accused Of Violating Poland s New Holocaust Law BuzzFeed News Retrieved 2019 10 16 Stankiewicz Andrzej 2019 09 18 Opowiesci o wydatkach Polskiej Fundacji Narodowej w USA czesc 2 czyli rodzina na swoim Onet pl Retrieved 2019 10 16 Polonsky Antony June 2004 Reviews of Books After the Holocaust Polish Jewish Conflict in the Wake of World War II Marek Jan Chodakiewicz The American Historical Review 109 3 1000 1001 doi 10 1086 530716 ISSN 0002 8762 JSTOR 10 1086 530716 a b c Friedrich Klaus Peter 2007 03 01 Reviews of Jewish Life in Cracow 1918 1939 Sean Martin London Vallentine Mitchell 2004 After the Holocaust Polish Jewish Conflict in the Wake of World War II Jan Chodakiewicz Marek Boulder Social Science Monographs distributed by Columbia University Press 2003 Between Nazis and Soviets Occupation Politics in Poland 1939 1947 Jan Chodakiewicz Marek Lanham MD Lexington Books 2004 497 pp The Neighbors Respond The Controversy over the Jedwabne Massacre in Poland Polonsky Antony and Michlic Joanna B eds Princeton NJ Princeton University Press 2003 xiv 489 pp Antisemitism and Its Opponents in Modern Poland Blobaum Robert ed Ithaca NY Cornell University Press 2005 348 pp Holocaust and Genocide Studies 21 1 135 146 doi 10 1093 hgs dcm014 ISSN 8756 6583 Stachura Peter D The Massacre in Jedwabne July 10 1941 Before During and After By Marek Jan Chodakiewicz History 92 306 2007 276 277 The Massacre in Jedwabne SR September 2006 www ruf rice edu Goska Danusha Golden Harvest or Hearts of Gold Studies on the Fate of Wartime Poles and Jews Polin The American Association for Polish Jewish Studies Retrieved 5 June 2012 Engel David 2013 Review Golden Harvest Events at the Periphery of the Holocaust By Jan Tomasz Gross with Irena Grudzihska Gross Oxford Oxford University Press 2012 Slavic Review 72 1 124 126 doi 10 5612 slavicreview 72 1 0124 ISSN 0037 6779 S2CID 164899278 Roider Karl A Intermarium The Land Between The Black and Baltic Seas Sarmatian Review 33 3 2013 1776 1778 PDF Stachura Peter D 2013 Review of Intermarium The Land between the Black and Baltic Seas Chodakiewicz Marek Jan The Slavonic and East European Review 91 3 662 664 doi 10 5699 slaveasteurorev2 91 3 0662 Miloiu Silviu 2014 08 27 Intermarium The Land between the Black and Baltic Seas Silviu Miloiu Journal of Baltic Studies 45 4 545 547 doi 10 1080 01629778 2014 954759 ISSN 0162 9778 S2CID 145292575 Prusin Alexander Spring 2014 Intermarium The Land between the Black and Baltic Seas By Marek Jan Chodakiewicz Book Reviews Slavic Review 73 1 163 164 doi 10 5612 slavicreview 73 1 0163 ISSN 0037 6779 S2CID 164990528 Pienkos Donald E 2018 Review of Intermarium The Land Between the Black and Baltic Seas The Polish Review 63 1 85 87 doi 10 5406 polishreview 63 1 0085 ISSN 0032 2970 JSTOR 10 5406 polishreview 63 1 0085 The Holocaust in the Twenty First Century Contesting Contested Memories David M Seymour Mercedes Camino p 143 Kaminski L Zaryn J 2006 Reflections on the Kielce pogrom Inst of nat remembrance Commiss for the prosecution of crimes against the Polish nation pp 129 131 Weinbaum Laurence Amnesia and Antisemitism in the Second Jagiellonian Age in Robert S Wistrich ed Anti Judaism Antisemitism and Delegitimizing Israel University of Nebraska Press 2016 pp 222 223 Anti Semitism Book Could Land Historian in Jail Spiegel 18 Jan 2018 Grabowski Jan Klein Shira 2023 04 03 Wikipedia s Intentional Distortion of the History of the Holocaust The Journal of Holocaust Research 37 2 133 190 doi 10 1080 25785648 2023 2168939 ISSN 2578 5648 Obama s Mirroring Marek Jan Chodakiewicz Salon24 Donald Trump s Visit to Poland Further Emboldens Far Right Elements SPLC 17 July 2017 a b c IPN odnosi sie do wykladu prof Chodakiewicza na ktorym obrazal osoby homoseksualne Onet Wiadomosci August 8 2019 a b Wyborcza pl wyborcza pl PFN czyli jak panstwo PiS dba o swoich 18 September 2019 Jozef Mackiewicz Literary Prize Culture pl Retrieved 2019 05 20 Postanowienie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 3 maja 2007 r o nadaniu orderow prawo sejm gov pl Retrieved 2018 11 20 External linksAfter the Holocaust Polish Jewish Conflict in the Wake of World War II The Sarmatian Review January 2004 book review After the Holocaust Polish Jewish Conflict in the Wake of World War II book review Whoever controls the past Discussion of Chodakiewicz work in Haaretz Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Marek Jan Chodakiewicz amp oldid 1191698282, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.