The Marad massacre was the incident of religious violence leading to the killing of Hindus and Muslim at the Marad Beach of the Kozhikode district, Kerala, India.
In the 2002 Marad massacre at Marad, three Hindus and two Muslims were killed in a sudden breach of peace due to scuffles between two groups that began as a trivial altercation over drinking water at the public tap. Out of 393 people arrested, 213 were from Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). Who were the rest?
In the 2003 Marad massacre eight Hindus were killed by Islamic extremist and one attacker, Mohammed Ashker, was hit by accident and was also killed. The judicial commission that probed the incident concluded that leaders of the Indian Union Muslim League were directly involved in both the conspiracy and execution of the massacre. This political party was directly involved in both the conspiracy and execution of Kerala’s worst ever communal carnage, says the report of the judicial commission probing the three-year-old Marad massacre The commission affirmed "a clear communal conspiracy, with Muslim fundamentalist organisations involved".[1] The commission couldn't find evidence to support the involvement of foreign organisations.[1] The courts sentenced 62 Muslims to life imprisonment for committing the massacre in 2009 – most of whom belonged to the Indian Union Muslim League, People's Democratic Party, and National Development Front.
The attackers also threw bombs with the intention of inflicting more deaths, but the bombs did not explode.[2]
27 December 2008: A Special Court convicted 63 accused, in a case relating to the May 2003 communal attack at Marad beach near Kozhikode in Kerala, while acquitting 76 others for want of evidence.[5]
15 January 2009: A sessions Court in Kozhikode pronounced life sentence on 62 of 63 convicts in 2001's Marad carnage case. One convict, who has already served five years in jail, was released.[6]
On 2 May 2003, in the early evening, eight Hindus were hacked to death by a Muslim mob[7] on the beach after reeling in their catch for the day.[8]
Initial investigation report of the Crime Branch Inspector General of Police, Mahesh Kumar Singhla, had dropped enough hints that the NDF was behind the massacre of eight people at Marad on 2 May.[9] Mahesh Kumar Singhla was not able to give enough evidences in front of Thomas P Joseph commission on his arguments.[10][verification needed]
Later, the government troops unearthed a huge cache of weapons including 17 bombs.[11] The police commissioner, TK Vinod Kumar stated: "It was an operation carried out by a well-knit organization. It was a quick and sudden attack which was over in 10 minutes. The attack came from a particular community.".[11]
One of the attackers, Mohammed Ashker, was also killed during the incident.[12]
Aftermath and exodus of residents
The Marad killings created an insecure state for the inhabitants of Marad and it still continues. Police, Judiciary and Legislature are indefinitely dragging the case and they are unable to bring the criminals of first and second Marad killings in front of police in spite of continuous requests[13][14] from different sects.[15] The judiciary is dragging the case indefinitely by not convicting all the 134 arrested person, in spite of continuous requests.[16][17]
Inquiry commission by Justice Thomas
The Marad Massacre had caused a public uproar against the apathetic approach of the investigating agency and mushrooming of a new breed of religious fundamentalism in the Kerala State. There were persistent demands for a judicial enquiry in the matter, in pursuance whereto, the then UDF government had appointed Thomas P. Joseph (District & Sessions Judge) as the Commission of Inquiry. He had submitted his report during February 2006 and the LDF ministry tabled the report during September 2006. The report had elucidated that a person known as "F.M." (Finance Minister) had funded for the massacre and also cast aspersions on various political parties and the government officials including the District Collector T. O. Sooraj Mohamed. A person named Hilal Mohammed (F.M. who was handling the smuggling of counterfeit goods at Calicut Airport) too has filed a petition demanding a probe into his alleged involvement in the matter. Both these petitions were filed through Advocate S. K. Premraj. During hearing, Advocate Premraj submitted that Hilal Mohammed's life is under imminent threat.[18] The role of Indian Union Muslim Leader P. P. Modieen Koya and Mayin Haji (then chairman Kozhikode Development Authority)was also highlighted in the report. The commission's also recommends a further inquiry, involving the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) about the involvement of foreign agencies in the riots.[19]
Key findings of Commission
Key findings of Justice Thomas Commission were
"The patrolling and search for weapons said to be made by the local police were not effective or purposeful. To put shortly, the local police was lethargic in their attitude towards the situation at Marad Beach."[10] (chapter 5, section 37)
"It was unfortunate that the household items were damaged at Marad Beach in the presence of police"(chapter 5, section 42)[10]
The report mentions about the role of the Indian Union Muslim League (IUML) and the National Development Front (NDF). IUML leaders like C. Mayin Haji and P. P. Moideen Koya were named to be aware of the conspiracy beforehand.[20]
Commission's main recommendation
The commission's main recommendation, was a further inquiry, involving the Intelligence Bureau (IB), the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) and the Directorate of Revenue Intelligence, into the "larger conspiracy" involving fundamentalist and other forces, and into the source of the explosives and funds that the CBCID "failed or refused" to investigate – an act that the commission described as "quite suspicious and disturbing".[4]
Responses on commission's report
The Home minister of Kerala Government had written to the Union Government on 12 September 2006 recommending the CBI probe into the conspiracy behind the riots and issues such as the involvement of fundamentalist outfits, their foreign connections and source of funding and how they succeeded in secretly stockpiling weapons in the village for use in the riots.[21]
A.K. Antony, who was the Chief Minister during both incidents, differed on Commission findings with a main point that the first round of violence should have included in the report.[22]
Sentencing
Special court in Kozhikode on 15 January 2009 sentenced 62 of the 63 convicts to life in the May 2003 Marad carnage case.[23] There were a total of 139 accused in the case. In December 2008, additional sessions Judge Babu Mathew P Joseph convicted 62 people for murder while a person was found guilty of abetment. The rest were acquitted of all charges.[citation needed]
Renewed demands for CBI probe
On 17 April 2012, Kerala High Court observed that there had been "deep conspiracy" behind the incident and that police had failed in investigating it effectively.[24]
Achuthanandan accused Chandy's Congress-led UDF, which is in coalition with Indian Union Muslim League, of having intervened in the Marad massacre case.[24]
Kerala BJP president V Muraleedharan wanted initiation of a case against senior Muslim League leader MC Mayin Haji who had prior knowledge of massacre plan, according to the Judicial Commission.[24]
New FIR
In 2016, CBI filed a fresh FIR with Muslim League leaders included in the list of accused.[25]
In November 2021, two people were sentenced double life terms in jail by the special additional court.[26]
^"Marad: How politicians fanned a communal riot". Rediff.com.
^. The Hindu. 25 April 2004. Archived from the original on 22 June 2004.
^"NDF welcomes the CBI inquiry". Ndfindia.com. 27 January 2012. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007.
^. The Hindu. 3 October 2006. Archived from the original on 23 October 2006.
^. The Hindu. 21 July 2006. Archived from the original on 1 October 2007.
^. The Hindu. 11 January 2004. Archived from the original on 30 May 2004.
^. Frontline. Hinduonnet.com. Archived from the original on 6 July 2001. Retrieved 7 February 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^. The Times of India. 28 September 2006. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012.
^ abKerala tables Marad massacre report By IANS, Wednesday, 27 September 2006, 12:30 IST
^CBI probe into Marad carnage – kerala.gov (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 31 August 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^. The Hindu. 30 September 2006. Archived from the original on 6 November 2006.
^"Kerala court awards life sentence to 62 accused in Marad case". Zee News. 15 January 2009.
^ abcd"Marad massacre: Call for CBI probe intensifies". Retrieved 18 August 2012.
^Staff Reporter (19 January 2017). "CBI registers fresh FIR in second Marad riot case". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
^"2003 Marad massacre: Double life sentence for two".
marad, massacre, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, need, rewritten, comply, with, wikipedia, quality, standards, help, talk, page, contain,. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia s quality standards You can help The talk page may contain suggestions January 2022 This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Marad massacre news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message The Marad massacre was the incident of religious violence leading to the killing of Hindus and Muslim at the Marad Beach of the Kozhikode district Kerala India In the 2002 Marad massacre at Marad three Hindus and two Muslims were killed in a sudden breach of peace due to scuffles between two groups that began as a trivial altercation over drinking water at the public tap Out of 393 people arrested 213 were from Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh RSS and Bharatiya Janata Party BJP Who were the rest In the 2003 Marad massacre eight Hindus were killed by Islamic extremist and one attacker Mohammed Ashker was hit by accident and was also killed The judicial commission that probed the incident concluded that leaders of the Indian Union Muslim League were directly involved in both the conspiracy and execution of the massacre This political party was directly involved in both the conspiracy and execution of Kerala s worst ever communal carnage says the report of the judicial commission probing the three year old Marad massacre The commission affirmed a clear communal conspiracy with Muslim fundamentalist organisations involved 1 The commission couldn t find evidence to support the involvement of foreign organisations 1 The courts sentenced 62 Muslims to life imprisonment for committing the massacre in 2009 most of whom belonged to the Indian Union Muslim League People s Democratic Party and National Development Front The attackers also threw bombs with the intention of inflicting more deaths but the bombs did not explode 2 Contents 1 January 2002 riots 1 1 Conviction 2 May 2003 riots 3 Aftermath and exodus of residents 4 Inquiry commission by Justice Thomas 4 1 Key findings of Commission 4 2 Commission s main recommendation 4 3 Responses on commission s report 5 Sentencing 6 Renewed demands for CBI probe 6 1 New FIR 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksJanuary 2002 riots Edit2002 Marad massacreMarad Beach massacrePart of religious violence in IndiaDate4 May 2002 20 years ago 4 May 2002 LocationMarad Beach Kozhikode district Kerala11 12 27 N 75 47 13 E 11 20745 N 75 78706 E 11 20745 75 78706Caused byreligious conflict among Hindus and MuslimsGoalsreligious persecutionMethodsMassacreParties to the civil conflictHindus MuslimsRSS IUML BJP NDP PFICasualties and losses3 deaths 2 deathOn 3 and 4 January 2002 at Marad three Hindus and two Muslims were killed in a sudden breach of peace due to scuffles between two groups that began as a trivial altercation over drinking water at the public tap Police present at the time stood watching the incident failing to capture the criminals 3 Out of 393 people arrested 213 were from Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh RSS and Bharatiya Janata Party BJP 86 from Muslim League 78 from Communist Party of India Marxist CPI M and Communist Party of India CPI and couple of them from Indian National League INL National Development Front NDF now renamed Popular Front of India and rest of the parties 4 Government troops were later sent in to patrol the area Conviction Edit 27 December 2008 A Special Court convicted 63 accused in a case relating to the May 2003 communal attack at Marad beach near Kozhikode in Kerala while acquitting 76 others for want of evidence 5 15 January 2009 A sessions Court in Kozhikode pronounced life sentence on 62 of 63 convicts in 2001 s Marad carnage case One convict who has already served five years in jail was released 6 May 2003 riots Edit2003 Marad massacreMarad Beach massacrePart of religious violence in IndiaDate2 May 2003 19 years ago 2 May 2003 LocationMarad Beach Kozhikode district Kerala11 12 27 N 75 47 13 E 11 20745 N 75 78706 E 11 20745 75 78706Caused byreligious conflict among Hindus and MuslimsGoalsRevenge and religious persecutionMethodsMassacreParties to the civil conflictHindus Muslims IUML alleged NDP PFICasualties and losses8 deaths 1 deathOn 2 May 2003 in the early evening eight Hindus were hacked to death by a Muslim mob 7 on the beach after reeling in their catch for the day 8 Initial investigation report of the Crime Branch Inspector General of Police Mahesh Kumar Singhla had dropped enough hints that the NDF was behind the massacre of eight people at Marad on 2 May 9 Mahesh Kumar Singhla was not able to give enough evidences in front of Thomas P Joseph commission on his arguments 10 verification needed Later the government troops unearthed a huge cache of weapons including 17 bombs 11 The police commissioner TK Vinod Kumar stated It was an operation carried out by a well knit organization It was a quick and sudden attack which was over in 10 minutes The attack came from a particular community 11 One of the attackers Mohammed Ashker was also killed during the incident 12 Aftermath and exodus of residents EditThe Marad killings created an insecure state for the inhabitants of Marad and it still continues Police Judiciary and Legislature are indefinitely dragging the case and they are unable to bring the criminals of first and second Marad killings in front of police in spite of continuous requests 13 14 from different sects 15 The judiciary is dragging the case indefinitely by not convicting all the 134 arrested person in spite of continuous requests 16 17 Inquiry commission by Justice Thomas EditThe Marad Massacre had caused a public uproar against the apathetic approach of the investigating agency and mushrooming of a new breed of religious fundamentalism in the Kerala State There were persistent demands for a judicial enquiry in the matter in pursuance whereto the then UDF government had appointed Thomas P Joseph District amp Sessions Judge as the Commission of Inquiry He had submitted his report during February 2006 and the LDF ministry tabled the report during September 2006 The report had elucidated that a person known as F M Finance Minister had funded for the massacre and also cast aspersions on various political parties and the government officials including the District Collector T O Sooraj Mohamed A person named Hilal Mohammed F M who was handling the smuggling of counterfeit goods at Calicut Airport too has filed a petition demanding a probe into his alleged involvement in the matter Both these petitions were filed through Advocate S K Premraj During hearing Advocate Premraj submitted that Hilal Mohammed s life is under imminent threat 18 The role of Indian Union Muslim Leader P P Modieen Koya and Mayin Haji then chairman Kozhikode Development Authority was also highlighted in the report The commission s also recommends a further inquiry involving the Central Bureau of Investigation CBI about the involvement of foreign agencies in the riots 19 Key findings of Commission Edit Key findings of Justice Thomas Commission were The patrolling and search for weapons said to be made by the local police were not effective or purposeful To put shortly the local police was lethargic in their attitude towards the situation at Marad Beach 10 chapter 5 section 37 It was unfortunate that the household items were damaged at Marad Beach in the presence of police chapter 5 section 42 10 The then Chief Minister A K Antony and the then industries minister and Indian Union Muslim League IUML leader P K Kunhalikutty opposed any CBI probe into the massacre 20 The report mentions about the role of the Indian Union Muslim League IUML and the National Development Front NDF IUML leaders like C Mayin Haji and P P Moideen Koya were named to be aware of the conspiracy beforehand 20 Commission s main recommendation Edit The commission s main recommendation was a further inquiry involving the Intelligence Bureau IB the Central Bureau of Investigation CBI and the Directorate of Revenue Intelligence into the larger conspiracy involving fundamentalist and other forces and into the source of the explosives and funds that the CBCID failed or refused to investigate an act that the commission described as quite suspicious and disturbing 4 Responses on commission s report Edit The Home minister of Kerala Government had written to the Union Government on 12 September 2006 recommending the CBI probe into the conspiracy behind the riots and issues such as the involvement of fundamentalist outfits their foreign connections and source of funding and how they succeeded in secretly stockpiling weapons in the village for use in the riots 21 A K Antony who was the Chief Minister during both incidents differed on Commission findings with a main point that the first round of violence should have included in the report 22 Sentencing EditSpecial court in Kozhikode on 15 January 2009 sentenced 62 of the 63 convicts to life in the May 2003 Marad carnage case 23 There were a total of 139 accused in the case In December 2008 additional sessions Judge Babu Mathew P Joseph convicted 62 people for murder while a person was found guilty of abetment The rest were acquitted of all charges citation needed Renewed demands for CBI probe EditOn 17 April 2012 Kerala High Court observed that there had been deep conspiracy behind the incident and that police had failed in investigating it effectively 24 The Opposition leader VS Achuthanandan accused Chief Minister Oommen Chandy of trying to sabotage the Marad massacre case BJP and Hindu Aikya Vedi and CPI M s State secretariat member Elamaram Kareem also called for a probe by the Central agency 24 Achuthanandan accused Chandy s Congress led UDF which is in coalition with Indian Union Muslim League of having intervened in the Marad massacre case 24 Kerala BJP president V Muraleedharan wanted initiation of a case against senior Muslim League leader MC Mayin Haji who had prior knowledge of massacre plan according to the Judicial Commission 24 New FIR Edit In 2016 CBI filed a fresh FIR with Muslim League leaders included in the list of accused 25 In November 2021 two people were sentenced double life terms in jail by the special additional court 26 See also Edit India portal Genocide portalNational Development Front Popular Front of IndiaReferences Edit a b Marad report slams Muslim League The Indian Express 27 September 2006 The Marad massacre Outlook magazine 6 June 2003 Marad can yet be retrieved Indiatogether org July 2003 a b Marad Shocks Frontline Weekly Archived from the original on 12 January 2009 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link Marad riots Five years on 63 found guilty Rediff com 62 get a lifer Ibnlive in com Archived from the original on 17 January 2009 Marad shocks The Hindu Frontline 7 October 2006 Kerala sits on riot report indicting Cong govt Muslim League The Indian Express Archived from the original on 29 September 2007 NDF behind Marad massacre 1 a b c Copy of Thomas P Joseph Commission PDF Archived from the original PDF on 28 September 2007 a b Weapons seized Usurped Marad How politicians fanned a communal riot Rediff com Marad case Kummanam s Request The Hindu 25 April 2004 Archived from the original on 22 June 2004 NDF welcomes the CBI inquiry Ndfindia com 27 January 2012 Archived from the original on 28 September 2007 CBI should also probe first Marad riot The Hindu 3 October 2006 Archived from the original on 23 October 2006 Anticipatory bail Single Judge s directions set aside The Hindu 21 July 2006 Archived from the original on 1 October 2007 All cases to go to new court in a week The Hindu 11 January 2004 Archived from the original on 30 May 2004 The Hindu Home Page News amp Features Frontline Hinduonnet com Archived from the original on 6 July 2001 Retrieved 7 February 2013 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link Probe into Marad riots The Times of India 28 September 2006 Archived from the original on 18 October 2012 a b Kerala tables Marad massacre report By IANS Wednesday 27 September 2006 12 30 IST CBI probe into Marad carnage kerala gov Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 30 September 2007 Retrieved 31 August 2007 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Antony differs with Marad panel findings The Hindu 30 September 2006 Archived from the original on 6 November 2006 Kerala court awards life sentence to 62 accused in Marad case Zee News 15 January 2009 a b c d Marad massacre Call for CBI probe intensifies Retrieved 18 August 2012 Staff Reporter 19 January 2017 CBI registers fresh FIR in second Marad riot case The Hindu ISSN 0971 751X Retrieved 1 August 2021 2003 Marad massacre Double life sentence for two External links Edit Marad massacre Outlook India 3 February 2022 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Marad massacre amp oldid 1143436843, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
