Mansa (N'Ko: ߡߊ߲߬ߛߊ;[1]PLmansaw) is a Maninka[2] and Mandinka[3] word for a hereditary[1][4] ruler, commonly translated as "king".[5][6][7] It is particularly known as the title of the rulers of the Mali Empire, such as Mansa Musa, and in this context is sometimes translated as "emperor".[8] It is also a title held by traditional village rulers, and in this context is translated as "chief".[1]
Mansa contrasts with another Manding word for ruler, faama. Faama emphasizes the military, coercive authority of a ruler,[9] and can be translated as "tyrant",[10] whereas mansa refers to a hereditary ruler whose authority is derived from tradition[1] and mystical power.[9] A ruler can be both a faama and a mansa, but a mansa was not necessarily a faama.[9]
The word mansa (Arabic: منسا, romanized: mansā) was recorded in Arabic during the 14th century by North African writers such as Ibn Battuta and Ibn Khaldun, who explained it as meaning "sultan".[11] Cognates of mansa exist in other Mandé languages, such as Soninkemanga, Susumenge, and Bambaramasa.[2] Vydrin also compared it to mensey, the Guanche word for their rulers.[1] According to Misiugin and Vydrin, the original meaning of the root word was probably "chief of hunters" or "chief of warriors".[2]
An alternate translation of mansa, which Jansen attributes to the followers of Marcel Griaule, is that mansa means "god", "the divine principle", or "priest-king". Jansen notes that they have not provided their reasoning for choosing this translation.[6]
Chappatte, André (2022-11-01). In Search of Tunga: Prosperity, Almighty God, and Lives in Motion in a Malian Provincial Town. University of Michigan Press. ISBN978-0-472-22074-8.
Conrad, David C.; Condé, Djanka Tassey (2004). Sunjata: a West African epic of the Mande peoples. Indianapolis: Hackett. ISBN0-87220-697-1.
Jansen, Jan (1996). "The representation of status in Mande: did the Mali Empire still exist in the Nineteenth Century?". History in Africa. 23: 87–109. doi:10.2307/3171935. hdl:1887/2775. ISSN 0361-5413. JSTOR 3171935. S2CID 53133772.
Jansen, Jan (1998). "Hot Issues: The 1997 Kamabolon Ceremony in Kangaba (Mali)". The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 31 (2): 253–278. doi:10.2307/221083. hdl:1887/2774. ISSN 0361-7882. JSTOR 221083.
Levtzion, Nehemia; Hopkins, John F. P., eds. (2000) [1981]. Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West Africa. New York, NY: Marcus Weiner Press. ISBN1-55876-241-8.
Macbrair, R. Maxwell (1839). A grammar of the Mandingo language: with vocabularies. London.
Misiugin, Viacheslav M.; Vydrin, Valentin F. (1993). "Some archaic elements in the Manden epic tradition: the «Sunjata Epic» case". St. Petersburg Journal of African Studies. 2: 98–111. ISSN 1025-4544.
Schaffer, Matt (2005). "Bound to Africa: the Mandinka Legacy in the New World". History in Africa. 32: 321–369. doi:10.1353/hia.2005.0021. eISSN 1558-2744. ISSN 0361-5413. S2CID 52045769. Retrieved 2022-04-13.
Sutton, J. E. G. (1997). "The African Lords of the Intercontinental Gold Trade Before the Black Death: al-Hasan bin Sulaiman of Kilwa and Mansa Musa of Mali". The Antiquaries Journal. 77: 221–242. doi:10.1017/S000358150007520X. eISSN 1758-5309. ISSN 0003-5815. S2CID 129875132.
Vydrin, V. F. (2015). Manding-English Dictionary: (Maninka, Bamana). Volume 1, A, B, D-DAD. Lac-Beauport: MeaBooks Inc. ISBN978-0-9939969-3-1.
mansa, title, this, article, about, mandinka, word, other, uses, mansa, disambiguation, mansa, ߡߊ, ߛߊ, mansaw, maninka, mandinka, word, hereditary, ruler, commonly, translated, king, particularly, known, title, rulers, mali, empire, such, mansa, musa, this, co. This article is about the Mandinka word For other uses see Mansa disambiguation Mansa N Ko ߡߊ ߛߊ 1 PL mansaw is a Maninka 2 and Mandinka 3 word for a hereditary 1 4 ruler commonly translated as king 5 6 7 It is particularly known as the title of the rulers of the Mali Empire such as Mansa Musa and in this context is sometimes translated as emperor 8 It is also a title held by traditional village rulers and in this context is translated as chief 1 Depiction of Mansa Musa ruler of the Mali Empire in the 14th century from a 1375 Catalan Atlas of the known world mappa mundi created by Abraham CresquesMansa contrasts with another Manding word for ruler faama Faama emphasizes the military coercive authority of a ruler 9 and can be translated as tyrant 10 whereas mansa refers to a hereditary ruler whose authority is derived from tradition 1 and mystical power 9 A ruler can be both a faama and a mansa but a mansa was not necessarily a faama 9 The word mansa Arabic منسا romanized mansa was recorded in Arabic during the 14th century by North African writers such as Ibn Battuta and Ibn Khaldun who explained it as meaning sultan 11 Cognates of mansa exist in other Mande languages such as Soninke manga Susu menge and Bambara masa 2 Vydrin also compared it to mensey the Guanche word for their rulers 1 According to Misiugin and Vydrin the original meaning of the root word was probably chief of hunters or chief of warriors 2 An alternate translation of mansa which Jansen attributes to the followers of Marcel Griaule is that mansa means god the divine principle or priest king Jansen notes that they have not provided their reasoning for choosing this translation 6 List of Mansas EditMain article List of MansasReferences Edit a b c d e Vydrin 2015 p 260 a b c Misiugin amp Vydrin 1993 p 105 Schaffer 2005 p 333 Jansen 1996 p 99 Macbrair 1839 p 40 a b Jansen 1998 p 256 Conrad amp Conde 2004 pp xv 198 199 Sutton 1997 p 221 a b c Chappatte 2022 p 22 Vydrin 2015 p 218 Levtzion amp Hopkins 2000 pp 289 333 Works cited Edit Chappatte Andre 2022 11 01 In Search of Tunga Prosperity Almighty God and Lives in Motion in a Malian Provincial Town University of Michigan Press ISBN 978 0 472 22074 8 Conrad David C Conde Djanka Tassey 2004 Sunjata a West African epic of the Mande peoples Indianapolis Hackett ISBN 0 87220 697 1 Jansen Jan 1996 The representation of status in Mande did the Mali Empire still exist in the Nineteenth Century History in Africa 23 87 109 doi 10 2307 3171935 hdl 1887 2775 ISSN 0361 5413 JSTOR 3171935 S2CID 53133772 Jansen Jan 1998 Hot Issues The 1997 Kamabolon Ceremony in Kangaba Mali The International Journal of African Historical Studies 31 2 253 278 doi 10 2307 221083 hdl 1887 2774 ISSN 0361 7882 JSTOR 221083 Levtzion Nehemia Hopkins John F P eds 2000 1981 Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West Africa New York NY Marcus Weiner Press ISBN 1 55876 241 8 Macbrair R Maxwell 1839 A grammar of the Mandingo language with vocabularies London Misiugin Viacheslav M Vydrin Valentin F 1993 Some archaic elements in the Manden epic tradition the Sunjata Epic case St Petersburg Journal of African Studies 2 98 111 ISSN 1025 4544 Schaffer Matt 2005 Bound to Africa the Mandinka Legacy in the New World History in Africa 32 321 369 doi 10 1353 hia 2005 0021 eISSN 1558 2744 ISSN 0361 5413 S2CID 52045769 Retrieved 2022 04 13 Sutton J E G 1997 The African Lords of the Intercontinental Gold Trade Before the Black Death al Hasan bin Sulaiman of Kilwa and Mansa Musa of Mali The Antiquaries Journal 77 221 242 doi 10 1017 S000358150007520X eISSN 1758 5309 ISSN 0003 5815 S2CID 129875132 Vydrin V F 2015 Manding English Dictionary Maninka Bamana Volume 1 A B D DAD Lac Beauport MeaBooks Inc ISBN 978 0 9939969 3 1 23 25 48 N 72 40 12 E 23 43000 N 72 67000 E 23 43000 72 67000 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mansa title amp oldid 1170204801, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
