Mank
Mank is a 2020 American biographical drama film about screenwriter Herman J. Mankiewicz and his development of the screenplay for the 1941 film Citizen Kane. It was directed by David Fincher based on a screenplay written by his late father Jack Fincher and was produced by Ceán Chaffin, Douglas Urbanski, and Eric Roth. It stars Gary Oldman in the title role, alongside Amanda Seyfried, Lily Collins, Arliss Howard, Tom Pelphrey, Sam Troughton, Ferdinand Kingsley, Tuppence Middleton, Tom Burke, Joseph Cross, Jamie McShane, Toby Leonard Moore, Monika Gossman, and Charles Dance.
| Mank | |
|---|---|
Official release poster | |
| Directed by | David Fincher |
| Screenplay by | Jack Fincher |
| Produced by | |
| Starring | |
| Cinematography | Erik Messerschmidt |
| Edited by | Kirk Baxter |
| Music by | |
Production companies |
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| Distributed by | Netflix |
Release date |
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Running time | 131 minutes[2] |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $25 million[3] |
| Box office | $122,252[4] |
Fincher originally intended to make Mank after he completed The Game (1997), with Kevin Spacey and Jodie Foster as the leads, but the project did not come to fruition before Jack Fincher died in 2003. Eventually, the project was officially announced in July 2019, and filming took place around Los Angeles from November 2019 to February 2020. To pay homage to the films of the 1930s, Mank was shot in black-and-white using RED cameras.
Mank had a limited theatrical release on November 13, 2020, and began streaming on Netflix on December 4. The film received positive reviews from critics, who praised Fincher's direction, as well as the acting (particularly Oldman and Seyfried), cinematography, production values, and musical score. The film earned a leading ten nominations at the 93rd Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor (Oldman), and Best Supporting Actress (Seyfried), and won for Best Production Design and Best Cinematography. It received a leading six nominations at the 78th Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Drama.[5]
Plot edit
In 1940, Orson Welles is given complete creative freedom for his next project by RKO. For the screenplay, Welles recruits Herman J. Mankiewicz, who is in Victorville, California, recovering from a broken leg he sustained in a car crash. Herman dictates the script to his secretary, Rita Alexander, who notices similarities between the main character (Charles Foster Kane) and William Randolph Hearst. Producer John Houseman is concerned about Herman's dense, nonlinear screenplay, while Herman's brother Joseph worries that it may anger the powerful Hearst.
In 1930, Herman visits an MGM location where he and the female lead, Marion Davies, recognize each other. She introduces him to Hearst, her benefactor and lover, who takes a liking to Herman. In 1933, Herman and his wife Sara attend Louis B. Mayer's birthday party at Hearst Castle with many Hollywood bigwigs. They discuss the rise of Nazi Germany and the upcoming gubernatorial election, in particular candidate Upton Sinclair. Herman and Marion go for a stroll, where they bond over discussions on politics and the film industry.
In 1940, Houseman grows impatient over Herman's lack of progress. Rita is also concerned with the timing of the writing and Herman's alcoholism. He does finish the screenplay in time. Houseman is impressed but reminds Herman that he will receive no credit for his work.
In 1934, Herman and Joseph begin working at MGM under Mayer. Studio executives, including Irving Thalberg, actively work against Sinclair's gubernatorial campaign. The studio produces propaganda films for a smear campaign, funded by Hearst, against Sinclair. Herman approaches Marion to pull the films but is unsuccessful as she has already left the studio for Warner Bros. Herman and Sara later attend an election night watch party at the Trocadero Nightclub, where Mayer announces the winner, Frank Merriam. Herman's colleague, director Shelly Metcalf, shoots and kills himself after being diagnosed with Parkinson's disease and guilt-ridden over his role in the smear campaign, despite personally supporting Sinclair.
In 1940, Charles Lederer picks up the screenplay from Herman to deliver to the studio. Joseph visits Herman after reading it, warning him of Hearst's reaction and how it might affect Marion. He does, however, believe that it is the finest thing Herman has ever written. Marion also visits and does her best to persuade Herman to change the screenplay but to no avail. She tells Herman she will try to stop the picture from getting made.
In 1937, Herman crashes a party at Hearst Castle, where he drunkenly pitches the idea for the film he will later write, offending everyone present, including Hearst, Mayer, and Marion. An enraged Mayer reveals that Herman is on Hearst's payroll and calls him a court jester. Hearst tells him an allegory about a monkey and an organ grinder and sees him out.
In 1940, despite pressure from Hearst, Welles is determined to make the film and intends to do a re-write without Herman. He visits Herman and offers him a buyout from the studio. However, reneging on the terms of his contract, Herman requests credit for the script, declaring it his greatest work. An upset Welles tells Herman that he has gone to bat for him before leaving angrily. Herman ultimately receives joint credit with Welles, and they win the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for the film (Citizen Kane) two years later.
Cast edit
- Gary Oldman as Herman J. Mankiewicz
- Amanda Seyfried as Marion Davies
- Lily Collins as Rita Alexander, Herman's secretary, from whom another character, Susan Alexander Kane, gets her name.[6]
- Arliss Howard as Louis B. Mayer
- Tom Pelphrey as Joseph L. Mankiewicz
- Charles Dance as William Randolph Hearst
- Sam Troughton as John Houseman
- Ferdinand Kingsley as Irving Thalberg
- Tuppence Middleton as Sara Mankiewicz
- Tom Burke as Orson Welles
- Joseph Cross as Charles Lederer
- Jamie McShane as "Shelly Metcalf", test shot director and Herman's friend.[7] Although Metcalf is fictional, Felix E. Feist was the test shot director at MGM, who shot the propaganda films against Upton Sinclair that Metcalf shoots in Mank.[7]
- Toby Leonard Moore as David O. Selznick
- Monika Gossmann as Fräulein Frieda, Herman's housekeeper
- Leven Rambin as Eve Metcalf, Shelly's wife (fictional character)
- Bill Nye as Upton Sinclair
- Jeff Harms as Ben Hecht
- Craig Robert Young as Charlie Chaplin
- Randy Davison as Maitre d'
Many other Hollywood icons are portrayed, including Dolores del Río, George S. Kaufman, Lionel Barrymore, Greta Garbo, Josef von Sternberg, Norma Shearer, Eleanor Boardman, Joan Crawford, Geraldine Fitzgerald, Billie Dove, Rexford Tugwell, Bette Davis, Clark Gable, Charles MacArthur, Darryl F. Zanuck, S. J. Perelman, Carole Lombard, and Eddie Cantor.
Production edit
Development edit
Mank was officially announced in July 2019, when David Fincher said he would direct the film, with Gary Oldman set to star. The screenplay was written by Fincher's father, Jack Fincher, prior to his death in 2003. It was originally going to be Fincher's follow-up to The Game (1997) with Kevin Spacey and Jodie Foster set to star but never came to fruition due to Fincher's insistence on shooting in black-and-white.[8][9] Additional casting was announced in October, with Amanda Seyfried, Lily Collins, Tuppence Middleton, Arliss Howard, and Charles Dance among the new cast added.[10]
Fincher reunites with much of his usual filmmaking team, including production designer Donald Graham Burt, editor Kirk Baxter, and composers Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross, using only period-authentic instruments. Fincher opted for cinematographer Erik Messerschmidt, with whom he worked on his Netflix series Mindhunter.[11][12][13]
Writing edit
The 120-page draft of the initial script revealed that Jack Fincher closely followed a claim voiced by Pauline Kael in her 1971 New Yorker article "Raising Kane" that Welles did not deserve screenwriting credit.[14] The article angered many critics, including Welles's friend and fellow filmmaker Peter Bogdanovich who rebutted Kael's claims point by point in "The Kane Mutiny", an October 1972 article for Esquire.[15] Her argument was discredited by several film scholars through the years, including Robert L. Carringer in his study of "The Scripts of Citizen Kane."[16]
Many current academics and critics were sparked to action by Mank's many-times over debunked premise that the script was Mankiewicz's alone, including NY Times writer Ben Kenigsberg,[17] and Jonathan Rosenbaum, editor of the Welles-Bogdanovich book This Is Orson Welles, who wrote "...Finchers Senior and Junior, willing and eager to accept and further spread Kael's inaccurate assertion that Herman J. Mankiewicz was the only screenwriter on Citizen Kane, not bothering to research the matter."[18]
Mank producer Eric Roth reportedly polished the script prior to filming,[19] with David Fincher saying he felt early drafts were too anti-Welles.[20] When asked about the controversy surrounding authorship, Fincher stated that his movie does not aim to settle the issue: "It was not my interest to make a movie about a posthumous credit arbitration. I was interested in making a movie about a man who agreed not to take any credit. And who then changed his mind. That was interesting to me."[21]
Filming edit
Filming began on November 1, 2019, in Los Angeles.[22] It also took place in Victorville, California, and wrapped on February 4, 2020.[23] The film was shot in black and white on Fincher's preferred RED digital camera and made reference to the aesthetics of Citizen Kane cinematographer Gregg Toland.[24] Dance stated that a scene involving a drunken Mankiewicz took over 100 takes,[25] while Seyfried said that one of her scenes took over a week and 200 takes to shoot.[26] She stated, "It does feel like Groundhog Day, in a way, but that's how [Fincher] captures things that most people don't."[25] The moonlight stroll between Mankiewicz and Davies was filmed at Huntington Gardens and a Pasadena mansion during the day, although it takes place at night. This was done using the day for night technique. Shooting it during the day was necessary for the lighting Messerschmidt needed for the scene.[24]
Costume design edit
For designing the costumes, costume designer Trish Summerville and production designer Donald Graham Burt used the noir and monochromatic filters on their iPhones to see how they would look in black and white. Because the film was shot in black and white and not converted afterwards, it meant Summerville had to pick colors that would pop. She looked at photos from 1930s Hollywood to see what was worn at the time.[27]
Music edit
Fincher's frequent collaborators Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross composed the score for Mank. Forgoing their usual synth-heavy style, Reznor and Ross used period-authentic instrumentation from the 1940s to accompany the film.[28] As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, each member of the orchestra recorded their sections for the score from home.[29] The entire soundtrack is composed of songs written and performed by Reznor and Ross and runs for 52 tracks at over an hour and a half,[30][31] and was released by The Null Corporation on December 4, 2020, the same day coinciding with the film's release.[32] An extended soundtrack (featuring unreleased music and demos not featured in the film) that runs over three hours with 87 tracks, was released through Bandcamp the following week, December 11.[31][33]
Release edit
Mank was released in a limited theatrical release in the United States on November 13, 2020,[20] before beginning to stream worldwide on Netflix on December 4, 2020.[2]
IndieWire reported the film played in 75 theaters during its opening weekend and did "similar business" as other new indie releases The Climb and Ammonite, which each averaged about $300 per venue (which would mean a $22,500 debut for Mank).[34] Upon the film's release onto Netflix, it only managed to finish in the top-10 on its first day. IndieWire wrote that it just "didn't gain the attention of other high-profile originals like Da 5 Bloods, The Trial of the Chicago 7, and Hillbilly Elegy," all of which debuted in first or second place.[35]
Reception edit
Critical response edit
Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports that 83% of 351 critic reviews were positive, with an average rating of 7.6/10. The site's critics consensus reads: "Sharply written and brilliantly performed, Mank peers behind the scenes of Citizen Kane to tell an old Hollywood story that could end up being a classic in its own right."[36] According to Metacritic, which compiled 52 reviews and calculated a weighted average score of 79 out of 100, the film received "generally favorable reviews".[37]
Eric Kohn of IndieWire gave the film a "B+" and wrote: "However much credit Mankiewicz deserves for Kane, Fincher's remarkable movie makes a compelling argument for appreciating the prescience behind its conception. His life had a rough ending, but the movie about it gives him one last bitter laugh."[38] Writing for the Los Angeles Times, Justin Chang said, "Mank demands your surrender, but also your heightened attention. It's a pleasurably discombobulating experience, sometimes playing like mordant drawing-room comedy and sometimes flirting with expressionist nightmare, as when Welles' dark silhouette looms over a bedridden Mank and his mummified leg."[39]
Owen Gleiberman of Variety praised the performances and production design, saying, "Mank is a tale of Old Hollywood that's more steeped in Old Hollywood – its glamour and sleaze, its layer-cake hierarchies, its corruption and glory – than just about any movie you've seen, and the effect is to lend it a dizzying time-machine splendor."[40] Peter Travers, reviewing the film for ABC News, wrote: "Mank is the most gorgeous piece of cinema you'll see anywhere. Brilliantly shot in black-and-white by Erik Messerschmidt, with costumes to die for by Trish Summerville and a period-authentic score by Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross that somehow isn't defeated by the retro mono sound, Mank is meant to match the look and feel of its era, as if it's eight decades ago and you just bought a ticket."[41]
Jason Bailey of The Playlist was more mixed and gave the film a "C+" grade, calling it a "gorgeously mounted but ultimately distant biopic".[42] The A.V. Club's Ignatiy Vishnevetsky thought it was "conventional to a fault", writing that parts of the film "bear an uncanny resemblance to the kind of awards-bait middlebrow drama usually essayed by BBC-trained hacks."[43]
Mank appeared on 50 critics' year-end top-10 lists, including four first-place rankings and five second place ones.[44]
Accolades edit
| Award | Date of ceremony | Category | Recipient(s) | Result | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AACTA Awards | March 6, 2021 | Best International Direction | David Fincher | Nominated | [45] |
| Best International Screenplay | Jack Fincher | Nominated | |||
| Best International Actor | Gary Oldman | Nominated | |||
| Best International Supporting Actress | Amanda Seyfried | Nominated | |||
| Academy Awards | April 25, 2021 | Best Picture | Ceán Chaffin, Eric Roth and Douglas Urbanski | Nominated | [46] |
| Best Director | David Fincher | Nominated | |||
| Best Actor | Gary Oldman | Nominated | |||
| Best Supporting Actress | Amanda Seyfried | Nominated | |||
| Best Cinematography | Erik Messerschmidt | Won | |||
| Best Costume Design | Trish Summerville | Nominated | |||
| Best Makeup and Hairstyling | Gigi Williams, Kimberley Spiteri and Colleen LaBaff | Nominated | |||
| Best Original Score | Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross | Nominated | |||
| Best Production Design | Donald Graham Burt and Jan Pascale | Won | |||
| Best Sound | Ren Klyce, Jeremy Molod, David Parker, Nathan Nance, and Drew Kunin | Nominated | |||
| ACE Eddie Awards | April 17, 2021 | Best Edited Feature Film – Dramatic | Kirk Baxter | Nominated | [47] |
| Alliance of Women Film Journalists Awards | January 4, 2021 | Best Supporting Actress | Amanda Seyfried | Nominated | [48] |
| Best Original Screenplay | Jack Fincher | Nominated | |||
| Best Cinematography | Erik Messerschmidt | Nominated | |||
| American Film Institute Awards | February 26, 2021 | Top 10 Movies of the Year | Mank | Won | [49] |
| American Society of Cinematographers Awards | April 18, 2021 | Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Theatrical Releases | Erik Messerschmidt | Won | [50] |
| Art Directors Guild Awards | April 10, 2021 | Excellence in Production Design for a Period Film | Donald Graham Burt | Won | [51] |
| British Academy Film Awards | April 11, 2021 | Best Original Screenplay | Jack Fincher | Nominated | [52] |
| Best Cinematography | Erik Messerschmidt | Nominated | |||
| Best Costume Design | Trish Summerville | Nominated | |||
| Best Makeup and Hair | Kimberley Spiteri and Gigi Williams | Nominated | |||
| Best Original Music | Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross | Nominated | |||
| Best Production Design | Donald Graham Burt and Jan Pascale | Won | |||
| Boston Society of Film Critics Awards | December 13, 2020 | Best Supporting Actress | Amanda Seyfried | Runner-up | [53] [54] |
| Chicago Film Critics Awards | December 21, 2020 | Best Supporting Actress | Nominated | [53] [55] | |
| Best Original Score | Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross | Nominated | |||
| Best Cinematography | Erik Messerschmidt | Nominated | |||
| Best Art Direction | Donald Graham Burt and Jan Pascale | Won | |||
| Best Costume Design | Trish Summerville | Nominated | |||
| Cinema Audio Society Awards | April 17, 2021 | Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for a Motion Picture – Live Action | Drew Kunin, Ren Klyce, David Parker, Nathan Nance, Alan Meyerson, Charleen Richards-Steeves and Scott Curtis | Nominated | [56] |
| Costume Designers Guild Awards | April 13, 2021 | Excellence in Period Film | Trish Summerville | Nominated | [57] |
| Critics' Choice Awards | March 7, 2021 | Best Picture | Mank | Nominated | [58] |
| Best Actor | Gary Oldman | Nominated | |||
| Best Supporting Actress | Amanda Seyfried | Nominated | |||
| Best Director | David Fincher | Nominated | |||
| Best Original Screenplay | Jack Fincher | Nominated | |||
| Best Production Design | Donald Graham Burt and Jan Pascale | Won | |||
| Best Cinematography | Erik Messerschmidt | Nominated | |||
| Best Costume Design | Trish Summerville | Nominated | |||
| Best Editing | Kirk Baxter | Nominated | |||
| Best Hair and Makeup | Mank | Nominated | |||
| Best Visual Effects | Nominated | ||||
| Best Score | Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross | Nominated | |||
| Directors Guild of America Awards | April 10, 2021 | Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures | David Fincher | Nominated | [59] |
| Florida Film Critics Circle Awards | December 21, 2020 | Best Original Screenplay | Jack Fincher | Nominated | [60] |
| Best Art Direction/Production | Donald Graham Burt | Won | |||
| Best Cinematography | Erik Messerschmidt | Won | |||
| Golden Globe Awards | February 28, 2021 | Best Motion Picture – Drama | Mank | Nominated | [61] |
| Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama | Gary Oldman | Nominated | |||
| Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture | Amanda Seyfried | Nominated | |||
| Best Director – Motion Picture | David Fincher | Nominated | |||
| Best Screenplay – Motion Picture | Jack Fincher | Nominated | |||
| Best Original Score – Motion Picture | Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross | Nominated | |||
| Guldbagge Awards | January 25, 2021 | Best Foreign Film | David Fincher | Nominated | [62] [63] |
| Hollywood Critics Association Awards | March 5, 2021 | Best Male Director | Nominated | [64] | |
| Best Supporting Actress | Amanda Seyfried | Nominated | |||
| Best Cinematography | Erik Messerschmidt | Nominated | |||
| Best Score | Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross | Nominated | |||
| Best Hair and Makeup | Kimberley Spiteri, Colleen LaBaff, Gigi Williams and Michelle Audrina Kim | Nominated | |||
| Best Costume Design | Trish Summerville | Nominated | |||
| Best Production Design | Donald Graham Burt | Won | |||
| Hollywood Music in Media Awards | January 27, 2021 | Best Original Score in a Feature Film | Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross | Nominated | [65] |
| London Film Critics' Circle | February 7, 2021 | Director of the Year | David Fincher | Nominated | [66] |
| Supporting Actress of the Year | Amanda Seyfried | Nominated | |||
| Screenwriter of the Year | Jack Fincher | Nominated | |||
| Technical Achievement Award | Donald Graham Burt | Nominated | |||
| Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards | December 20, 2020 | Best Supporting Actress | Amanda Seyfried | Runner-up | [67] |
| Best Production Design | Donald Graham Burt | Won | |||
| Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild Awards | April 3, 2021 | Best Period and/or Character Make-Up in a Feature-Length Motion Picture | Gigi Williams and Michelle Audrina Kim | Nominated | [68] |
| Best Period and/or Character Hair Styling in a Feature-Length Motion Picture | Kimberley Spiteri and Colleen LaBaff | Nominated | |||
| Motion Picture Sound Editors Golden Reel Awards | April 16, 2021 | Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Dialogue and ADR for Feature Film | Ren Klyce, Jeremy Molod, Richard Quinn, Cameron Barker, Lisa Chino and Kim Foscato | Nominated | [69] |
| National Society of Film Critics Awards | January 9, 2021 | Best Supporting Actress | Amanda Seyfried | Runner-up | [70] |
| Producers Guild of America Awards | March 24, 2021 | Outstanding Producer of Theatrical Motion Pictures | Ceán Chaffin, Eric Roth and Douglas Urbanski | Nominated | [71] |
| San Diego Film Critics Society Awards | January 11, 2021 | Best Supporting Actress | Amanda Seyfried | Runner-up | [72] |
| Best Cinematography | Erik Messerschmidt | Runner-up | |||
| Best Production Design | Donald Graham Burt | Won | |||
| Best Costumes | Trish Summerville | Nominated | |||
| Satellite Awards | February 15, 2021 | Best Director | David Fincher | Nominated | [73] |
| Best Actor in Drama | Gary Oldman | Nominated | |||
| Actress in a Supporting Role | Amanda Seyfried | Won | |||
| Best Original Screenplay | Jack Fincher | Nominated | |||
| Best Original Score | Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross | Nominated | |||
| Best Cinematography | Erik Messerschmidt | Won | |||
| Best Film Editing | Kirk Baxter | Nominated | |||
| Best Sound Editing | Ren Klyce, Jeremy Molod, David Parker, Nathan Nance and Drew Kunin | Nominated | |||
| Best Visual Effects | Wei Zheng, Simon Carr, James Pastorius and Pablo Helman | Nominated | |||
| Best Art Direction and Production Design | Donald Graham Burt, Chris Craine, Dan Webster and Jan Pascale | Won | |||
| Best Costume Design | Trish Summerville | Nominated | |||
| Saturn Awards | October 26, 2021 | Best Thriller Film | Mank | Nominated | [74] |
| Best Actor | Gary Oldman | Nominated | |||
| Best Supporting Actress | Amanda Seyfried | Nominated | |||
| Best Music | Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross | Nominated | |||
| Screen Actors Guild Awards | April 4, 2021 | Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role | Gary Oldman | Nominated | [75] |
| Set Decorators Society of America Awards | March 31, 2021 | Best Achievement in Décor/Design of a Period Feature Film | Jan Pascale and Donald Graham Burt | Won | [76] |
| St. Louis Film Critics Association | January 17, 2021 | Best Actor | Gary Oldman | Nominated | [77] |
| Best Supporting Actress | Amanda Seyfried | Nominated | |||
| Best Original Screenplay | Jack Fincher | Nominated | |||
| Best Editing | Kirk Baxter | Nominated | |||
| Best Original Score | Trent Reznor & Atticus Ross | Nominated | |||
| Best Cinematography | Erik Messerschmidt | Nominated | |||
| Best Production Design | Donald Graham Burt | Won | |||
| Visual Effects Society Awards | April 6, 2021 | Outstanding Supporting Visual Effects in a Photoreal Feature | Wei Zheng, Peter Mavromates, Simon Carr and James Pastorius | Won | [78][79] |
See also edit
- RKO 281, a 1999 HBO film based on the 1996 Oscar-nominated documentary The Battle Over Citizen Kane.
References edit
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- ^ "Mank (2020) - Financial Information". The Numbers. from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved November 30, 2020.
- ^ Coyle, Jake (February 3, 2021). "'Mank' leads Golden Globe nominees with 6; Netflix dominates". Associated Press. from the original on February 3, 2021. Retrieved February 3, 2021.
- ^ Higham, Charles (1985). Orson Welles: The Rise and Fall of an American Genius. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-31280-6.
- ^ a b Dessem, Matthew (November 18, 2020). "What's Fact and What's Fiction in Mank". Slate. from the original on November 21, 2020. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
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- ^ "Nine Inch Nails: 9 Things We Learned from Our Visit to Trent Reznor's Studio". Revolver. December 23, 2019. from the original on December 23, 2019. Retrieved December 24, 2019.
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- ^ "'Mank' script: Netflix film may echo Pauline Kael's 'Raising Kane'". Wellesnet | Orson Welles Web Resource. March 9, 2020. from the original on June 9, 2020. Retrieved June 27, 2020.
- ^ Bogdanovich, Peter; Welles, Orson (uncredited) (October 1972). "The Kane Mutiny". Esquire: 99–105, 180–190.
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- ^ Kenigsberg, Ben (December 6, 2020). "Who Wrote 'Citizen Kane'? It's No Mystery". The New York Times.
- ^ "The Kane Mutiny and Related Disputes | Jonathan Rosenbaum".
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- ^ Kenisberg, Ben (December 6, 2020). "Who Wrote 'Citizen Kane'? It's No Mystery". The New York Times. from the original on December 9, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
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- ^ "Principal Photography Wraps On Netflix Biopic 'Mank'". WellsNet. February 4, 2020. from the original on May 13, 2020. Retrieved April 29, 2020.
- ^ a b Desowitz, Bill (December 7, 2020). "How "Mank" Shot Day for Night, and in Hi-Dynamic Range Black-and-White". IndieWire. from the original on December 7, 2020. Retrieved December 7, 2020.
- ^ a b "Gary Oldman Cracked Filming 'Mank' Multiple Takes: 'I've Done This Scene 100 F*cking Times'". November 11, 2020. from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
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- ^ Tangcay, Jazz (December 4, 2020). "Costume Designer Trish Summerville Breaks Down the Looks of "Mank"". Variety. from the original on January 1, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
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- ^ Gemmill, Allie (December 12, 2020). "'Mank': Trent Reznor & Atticus Ross Revisit Making the Score for Fincher's Netflix Pic". Collider. from the original on December 24, 2020. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
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- ^ a b Evangelista, Chris (December 4, 2020). ""Mank" Soundtrack From Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross Now Streaming". slashfilm. from the original on January 1, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
- ^ "Mank (Original Musical Score) - Album by Trent Reznor & Atticus Ross". Apple Music. December 4, 2020. from the original on January 1, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
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- ^ Brueggemann, Tom (December 7, 2020). "'Freaky' Debuts Well in Holiday Home Viewing, but 'Mank' Falls Short on Netflix". IndieWire. from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved December 7, 2020.
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External links edit
- Mank at IMDb
- Mank at AllMovie
- Mank at Rotten Tomatoes
- Mank at History vs. Hollywood
- Script February 19, 2021, at the Wayback Machine