Mallotus japonicus (Chinese: 野梧桐),[1] also known as East Asian mallotus,[2] the food wrapper plant or "Akamegashiwa" in Japanese, is a plant species in the genus Mallotus native to China. It is also found in Japan and Korea. This species was first described in 1865, its name was verified by AAS Systematic Botanists on October 2, 2015.[3]
The large leaves were used to wrap food. The young leaves, when boiled, are edible. The bark is used in the Japanese pharmacopoeia as a decoction against gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, gastric hyperacidity. In addition, the fruit has anthelmintic properties.
Ecologyedit
Mallotus japonicus shows physical, chemical, and biotic resistance traits against herbivores.[4]Trichomes, which are produced on leaf surfaces, serve as a physical resistance trait. Pellucid dots, which also are present on leaf surfaces, typically contain toxic metabolic substances or essential oils and function as a chemical resistance trait. Furthermore, the plant bears extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) on its leaf edges and food bodies (pearl bodies) on its leaf and stem surfaces as biotic resistance traits. EFNs contain primary sugars, and food bodies are known as lipid-rich particles. These biotic traits attract ants, which remove herbivores from the plant. The plant can change its combination of defence traits in response to leaf age and abiotic habitat conditions,.[4][5]
Chemistryedit
Mallotus japonicus contains bergenin.[6] The pericarp contains mallotophenone, mallotochromene[7] mallophenone, mallotojaponin, isomallotochromene and mallotochroman.[8] The bark contains 11-O-galloylbergenin, 4-O-galloylbergenin and 11-O-galloyldemethylbergenin.[9] The bark also contains the hydrolyzable tannins 1,2-di-O-galloyl-3,6-(R)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-beta-D-glucose, 1-O-digalloyl-3,6-(R)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-beta-D-glucose, 1-O-galloyl-2,4-elaeocarpusinoyl-3,6-(R)-valoneayl-beta-D-glucose (mallojaponin) and 1-O-galloyl-2,4-elaeocarpusinoyl-beta-D-glucose (mallonin) and mallotusinin.[10]
Mallotus japonicus. Plate from book Flora Japonica, Sectio Prima (Tafelband), 1870, by Philipp Franz von Siebold and Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini
Young shoot
Female flowers
Male flowers
Bark
Referencesedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mallotus japonicus.
Wikispecies has information related to Mallotus japonicus.
^Monograph of Chinese butterflies. Henan Science and Technology Press. 1994.
^ abYamawo, Akira; Suzuki, Nobuhiko; Tagawa, Jun; Hada, Yoshio (2012). "Leaf ageing promotes the shift in defence tactics inMallotus japonicusfrom direct to indirect defence". Journal of Ecology. 100 (3): 802–809. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01934.x.
^Yamawo, Akira; Tagawa, Jun; Hada, Yoshio; Suzuki, Nobuhiko (2013). Heil, Martin (ed.). "Different combinations of multiple defence traits in an extrafloral nectary-bearing plant growing under various habitat conditions". Journal of Ecology. 102: 238–247. doi:10.1111/1365-2745.12169.
^Lim, Hwa-Kyung; Kim, Hack-Seang; Choi, Hong-Serck; Oh, Seikwan; Choi, Jongwon (2000). "Hepatoprotective effects of bergenin, a major constituent of Mallotus japonicus, on carbon tetrachloride-intoxicated rats". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 72 (3): 469–74. doi:10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00260-9. PMID 10996288.
^Studies on Cytotoxic Constituents in Pericarps of Mallotus japonicus, Part I. Munehisa Arisawa, Akio Fujita, Rieko Suzuki, Toshimitsu Hayashi, Naokata Morita, Nobusuke Kawano and Saburo Koshimura, J. Nat. Prod., 1985, volume 48, issue 3, pages 455–459, doi:10.1021/np50039a014
^Arisawa, Munehisa; Fujita, Akio; Hayashi, Toshimitsu; Hayashi, Kyoko; Ochiai, Hiroshi; Morita, Naokata (1990). "Cytotoxic and antiherpetic activity of phloroglucinol derivatives from Mallotus japonicus (Euphorbiaceae)". Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 38 (6): 1624–1626. doi:10.1248/cpb.38.1624. PMID 2170038.
^Saijo, R; Nonaka, G; Nishioka, I (1989). "Tannins and related compounds. LXXXIV. Isolation and characterization of five new hydrolyzable tannins from the bark of Mallotus japonicus". Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 37 (8): 2063–70. doi:10.1248/cpb.37.2063. PMID 2598308.
January 01, 1970
mallotus, japonicus, chinese, 野梧桐, also, known, east, asian, mallotus, food, wrapper, plant, akamegashiwa, japanese, plant, species, genus, mallotus, native, china, also, found, japan, korea, this, species, first, described, 1865, name, verified, systematic, b. Mallotus japonicus Chinese 野梧桐 1 also known as East Asian mallotus 2 the food wrapper plant or Akamegashiwa in Japanese is a plant species in the genus Mallotus native to China It is also found in Japan and Korea This species was first described in 1865 its name was verified by AAS Systematic Botanists on October 2 2015 3 Mallotus japonicus Mallotus japonicus leaves and fruits Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Eudicots Clade Rosids Order Malpighiales Family Euphorbiaceae Genus Mallotus Species M japonicus Binomial name Mallotus japonicus L f Mull Arg Synonyms Croton japonicus L f Rottlera japonica Spreng The plant is dioecious The young shoots are red coloured The larvae of the moth Deoptilia heptadeta mine the leaves to feed Contents 1 Uses 2 Ecology 3 Chemistry 4 ReferencesUses editThe large leaves were used to wrap food The young leaves when boiled are edible The bark is used in the Japanese pharmacopoeia as a decoction against gastric ulcer duodenal ulcer gastric hyperacidity In addition the fruit has anthelmintic properties Ecology editMallotus japonicus shows physical chemical and biotic resistance traits against herbivores 4 Trichomes which are produced on leaf surfaces serve as a physical resistance trait Pellucid dots which also are present on leaf surfaces typically contain toxic metabolic substances or essential oils and function as a chemical resistance trait Furthermore the plant bears extrafloral nectaries EFNs on its leaf edges and food bodies pearl bodies on its leaf and stem surfaces as biotic resistance traits EFNs contain primary sugars and food bodies are known as lipid rich particles These biotic traits attract ants which remove herbivores from the plant The plant can change its combination of defence traits in response to leaf age and abiotic habitat conditions 4 5 Chemistry editMallotus japonicus contains bergenin 6 The pericarp contains mallotophenone mallotochromene 7 mallophenone mallotojaponin isomallotochromene and mallotochroman 8 The bark contains 11 O galloylbergenin 4 O galloylbergenin and 11 O galloyldemethylbergenin 9 The bark also contains the hydrolyzable tannins 1 2 di O galloyl 3 6 R hexahydroxydiphenoyl beta D glucose 1 O digalloyl 3 6 R hexahydroxydiphenoyl beta D glucose 1 O galloyl 2 4 elaeocarpusinoyl 3 6 R valoneayl beta D glucose mallojaponin and 1 O galloyl 2 4 elaeocarpusinoyl beta D glucose mallonin and mallotusinin 10 nbsp Mallotus japonicus Plate from book Flora Japonica Sectio Prima Tafelband 1870 by Philipp Franz von Siebold and Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini nbsp nbsp Young shoot nbsp Female flowers nbsp Male flowers nbsp BarkReferences edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mallotus japonicus nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Mallotus japonicus Monograph of Chinese butterflies Henan Science and Technology Press 1994 English Names for Korean Native Plants PDF Pocheon Korea National Arboretum 2015 p 533 ISBN 978 89 97450 98 5 Archived from the original PDF on 25 May 2017 Retrieved 4 January 2017 via Korea Forest Service Taxon Mallotus japonicus L f Mull Arg Germplasm Resources Information Network Retrieved August 6 2020 a b Yamawo Akira Suzuki Nobuhiko Tagawa Jun Hada Yoshio 2012 Leaf ageing promotes the shift in defence tactics inMallotus japonicusfrom direct to indirect defence Journal of Ecology 100 3 802 809 doi 10 1111 j 1365 2745 2011 01934 x Yamawo Akira Tagawa Jun Hada Yoshio Suzuki Nobuhiko 2013 Heil Martin ed Different combinations of multiple defence traits in an extrafloral nectary bearing plant growing under various habitat conditions Journal of Ecology 102 238 247 doi 10 1111 1365 2745 12169 Lim Hwa Kyung Kim Hack Seang Choi Hong Serck Oh Seikwan Choi Jongwon 2000 Hepatoprotective effects of bergenin a major constituent of Mallotus japonicus on carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 72 3 469 74 doi 10 1016 S0378 8741 00 00260 9 PMID 10996288 Studies on Cytotoxic Constituents in Pericarps of Mallotus japonicus Part I Munehisa Arisawa Akio Fujita Rieko Suzuki Toshimitsu Hayashi Naokata Morita Nobusuke Kawano and Saburo Koshimura J Nat Prod 1985 volume 48 issue 3 pages 455 459 doi 10 1021 np50039a014 Arisawa Munehisa Fujita Akio Hayashi Toshimitsu Hayashi Kyoko Ochiai Hiroshi Morita Naokata 1990 Cytotoxic and antiherpetic activity of phloroglucinol derivatives from Mallotus japonicus Euphorbiaceae Chemical amp Pharmaceutical Bulletin 38 6 1624 1626 doi 10 1248 cpb 38 1624 PMID 2170038 Yoshida Takashi Seno Kaoru Takama Yukiko Okuda Takuo 1982 Bergenin derivatives from Mallotus japonicus Phytochemistry 21 5 1180 1182 doi 10 1016 S0031 9422 00 82451 6 Saijo R Nonaka G Nishioka I 1989 Tannins and related compounds LXXXIV Isolation and characterization of five new hydrolyzable tannins from the bark of Mallotus japonicus Chemical amp Pharmaceutical Bulletin 37 8 2063 70 doi 10 1248 cpb 37 2063 PMID 2598308 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mallotus japonicus amp oldid 1190987661, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
