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Malajoe Batawi

April 11, 2024

Malajoe Batawi: Kitab deri hal Perkataan-Perkataan Malajoe, Hal Memetjah Oedjar-Oedjar Malajoe dan Hal Pernahkan Tanda-Tanda Batja dan Hoeroef-Hoeroef Besar[a] (better known by the short title Malajoe Batawi; Perfected Spelling: Melayu Betawi; literally Betawi Malay) is a grammar of the Malay language as spoken in Batavia (now Jakarta) written by Lie Kim Hok. The 116-page book, first published in 1884, saw two printings and has been described as the "most remarkable achievement of Chinese Malay writing".[1]

Malajoe Batawi
First printing, 1884
AuthorLie Kim Hok
CountryDutch East Indies
LanguageLow Malay
GenreGrammar
Publication date
1884
Pages116
OCLC27142003

Background and writing edit

During the late 1800s numerous books and newspapers had been published in Batavia (now Jakarta) using a creole form of Malay. These books, including translations of Chinese works, did not use a standardised language. Some were written entirely in one sentence, with a single capital letter at the beginning and a single full stop at the end.[2]

Lie Kim Hok (1853–1912) was a journalist and teacher who wrote extensively in the creole. He considered the lack of standardisation appalling, and began to write a grammar of the language to ensure a degree of regularity in its use.[2] The same year he published Malajoe Batawi, he released Kitab Edja (Spelling Book), a book to teach spelling to schoolchildren.[3]

Contents edit

Malajoe Batawi's 116 pages consist of 23 pages discussing the use of capital letters and punctuation, 23 pages discussing word classes, and the remainder regarding sentence structure and writing.[4] Lie discusses various morphemes, including the active-transitive morpheme [me(N)-] and the active-intransitive [ber-].[5]

Lie identifies ten word classes in Malajoe Batawi, as follows:[5]

  1. "Nama paäda" (nouns)
  2. "Pengganti nama" (pronouns)
  3. "Penerang" (adjectives)
  4. "Pemoela" (articles)
  5. "Nama bilangan" (cardinals)
  6. "Nama kerdja" (verbs)
  7. "Penerangan" (adverbs)
  8. "Pengoendjok" (prepositions)
  9. "Pengoeboeng" (conjunction)
  10. "Oetjap seroe" (interjections)

Release and reception edit

Malajoe Batawi was published in 1884 by W. Bruining & Co. in Batavia. Tio Ie Soei, in his biography of Lie, describes it as first grammar of Batavian Malay,[4] while linguist Waruno Mahdi calls it the first "elaborate grammar of a Malay dialect along modern lines".[1] The book saw an initial print run of 500 copies.[4] According to Tio, it came under consideration for use as teaching material in local schools. However, the publisher requested changes with which Lie disagreed, and ultimately the deal fell through.[2] A second edition was published by Albrecht & Rusche in 1891,[6] and towards his death in 1912 Lie began writing a new edition of Malajoe Batawi. However, he died before it could be completed.[4]

In 1979, C.D. Grijns opined that, based on the primarily oral nature of Betawi, Lie did not base his Malajoe Batawi on spoken language, but the written language used by ethnic Chinese merchants.[7] Malaysian press historian Ahmat B. Adam describes Lie as leaving "an indelible mark on the development of modern Indonesian language",[8] while Mahdi writes that the grammar was the "most remarkable achievement of Chinese Malay writing" from a linguist's point of view.[1]

Notes edit

  1. ^ Literally "Batavian Malay: Book on Malay Speech, Words, and the Use of Punctuation and Capital Letters"

Footnotes edit

  1. ^ a b c Mahdi 2006, p. 95.
  2. ^ a b c Tio 1958, p. 114.
  3. ^ Tio 1958, p. 84.
  4. ^ a b c d Tio 1958, p. 115.
  5. ^ a b Tio 1958, pp. 116–124.
  6. ^ WorldCat entry.
  7. ^ Grijns 1979, p. 140.
  8. ^ Coppel 2013, p. 352.

References edit

  • Coppel, Charles (2013). "Diaspora and Hybridity: Peranakan Chinese Culture in Indonesia". In Tan, Chee-Beng (ed.). Routledge Handbook of the Chinese Diaspora. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-60056-9.
  • Grijns, C.D. (1979). "A la recherche du "Melayu Betawi" ou parler malais de Batavia" [Researching "Betawi Malay", or Spoken Malay in Batavia]. Archipel (in French). 17 (17): 135–156. doi:10.3406/arch.1979.1464.
  • Mahdi, Waruno (2006). "The Beginnings and Reorganization of the Commissie voor de Volkslectuur (1908–1920)". In Schulze, Fritz; Warnk, Holger (eds.). Insular Southeast Asia: Linguistic and Cultural Studies in Honour of Bernd Nothofer. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 978-3-447-05477-5.
  • . OCLC 777087912. Archived from the original on 4 April 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2013 – via WorldCat.
  • Tio, Ie Soei (1958). Lie Kimhok 1853–1912 (in Indonesian). Bandung: Good Luck. OCLC 1069407.

April 11, 2024
malajoe, batawi, kitab, deri, perkataan, perkataan, malajoe, memetjah, oedjar, oedjar, malajoe, pernahkan, tanda, tanda, batja, hoeroef, hoeroef, besar, better, known, short, title, perfected, spelling, melayu, betawi, literally, betawi, malay, grammar, malay,. Malajoe Batawi Kitab deri hal Perkataan Perkataan Malajoe Hal Memetjah Oedjar Oedjar Malajoe dan Hal Pernahkan Tanda Tanda Batja dan Hoeroef Hoeroef Besar a better known by the short title Malajoe Batawi Perfected Spelling Melayu Betawi literally Betawi Malay is a grammar of the Malay language as spoken in Batavia now Jakarta written by Lie Kim Hok The 116 page book first published in 1884 saw two printings and has been described as the most remarkable achievement of Chinese Malay writing 1 Malajoe BatawiFirst printing 1884AuthorLie Kim HokCountryDutch East IndiesLanguageLow MalayGenreGrammarPublication date1884Pages116OCLC27142003 Contents 1 Background and writing 2 Contents 3 Release and reception 4 Notes 5 Footnotes 6 ReferencesBackground and writing editDuring the late 1800s numerous books and newspapers had been published in Batavia now Jakarta using a creole form of Malay These books including translations of Chinese works did not use a standardised language Some were written entirely in one sentence with a single capital letter at the beginning and a single full stop at the end 2 Lie Kim Hok 1853 1912 was a journalist and teacher who wrote extensively in the creole He considered the lack of standardisation appalling and began to write a grammar of the language to ensure a degree of regularity in its use 2 The same year he published Malajoe Batawi he released Kitab Edja Spelling Book a book to teach spelling to schoolchildren 3 Contents editMalajoe Batawi s 116 pages consist of 23 pages discussing the use of capital letters and punctuation 23 pages discussing word classes and the remainder regarding sentence structure and writing 4 Lie discusses various morphemes including the active transitive morpheme me N and the active intransitive ber 5 Lie identifies ten word classes in Malajoe Batawi as follows 5 Nama paada nouns Pengganti nama pronouns Penerang adjectives Pemoela articles Nama bilangan cardinals Nama kerdja verbs Penerangan adverbs Pengoendjok prepositions Pengoeboeng conjunction Oetjap seroe interjections Release and reception editMalajoe Batawi was published in 1884 by W Bruining amp Co in Batavia Tio Ie Soei in his biography of Lie describes it as first grammar of Batavian Malay 4 while linguist Waruno Mahdi calls it the first elaborate grammar of a Malay dialect along modern lines 1 The book saw an initial print run of 500 copies 4 According to Tio it came under consideration for use as teaching material in local schools However the publisher requested changes with which Lie disagreed and ultimately the deal fell through 2 A second edition was published by Albrecht amp Rusche in 1891 6 and towards his death in 1912 Lie began writing a new edition of Malajoe Batawi However he died before it could be completed 4 In 1979 C D Grijns opined that based on the primarily oral nature of Betawi Lie did not base his Malajoe Batawi on spoken language but the written language used by ethnic Chinese merchants 7 Malaysian press historian Ahmat B Adam describes Lie as leaving an indelible mark on the development of modern Indonesian language 8 while Mahdi writes that the grammar was the most remarkable achievement of Chinese Malay writing from a linguist s point of view 1 Notes edit Literally Batavian Malay Book on Malay Speech Words and the Use of Punctuation and Capital Letters Footnotes edit a b c Mahdi 2006 p 95 a b c Tio 1958 p 114 Tio 1958 p 84 a b c d Tio 1958 p 115 a b Tio 1958 pp 116 124 WorldCat entry Grijns 1979 p 140 Coppel 2013 p 352 References editCoppel Charles 2013 Diaspora and Hybridity Peranakan Chinese Culture in Indonesia In Tan Chee Beng ed Routledge Handbook of the Chinese Diaspora New York Routledge ISBN 978 0 415 60056 9 Grijns C D 1979 A la recherche du Melayu Betawi ou parler malais de Batavia Researching Betawi Malay or Spoken Malay in Batavia Archipel in French 17 17 135 156 doi 10 3406 arch 1979 1464 Mahdi Waruno 2006 The Beginnings and Reorganization of the Commissie voor de Volkslectuur 1908 1920 In Schulze Fritz Warnk Holger eds Insular Southeast Asia Linguistic and Cultural Studies in Honour of Bernd Nothofer Wiesbaden Harrassowitz ISBN 978 3 447 05477 5 Melajoe Betawi kitab deri hal perkataan perkataan Malajoe hal memetjah oedjar oedjar Malajoe dan hal pernahkan tanda tanda batja dan hoeroef hoeroef besar OCLC 777087912 Archived from the original on 4 April 2016 Retrieved 17 March 2013 via WorldCat Tio Ie Soei 1958 Lie Kimhok 1853 1912 in Indonesian Bandung Good Luck OCLC 1069407 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Malajoe Batawi amp oldid 1182530703, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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