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Pink cockatoo

April 28, 2024

The pink cockatoo (Cacatua leadbeateri), also known as Major Mitchell's cockatoo or Leadbeater's cockatoo, is a medium-sized cockatoo that inhabits arid and semi-arid inland areas across Australia, with the exception of the north east.[3][4][5]

Pink cockatoo
Pink cockatoo with its crest raised in New South Wales, Australia
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Psittaciformes
Family: Cacatuidae
Genus: Cacatua
Subgenus: Lophochroa
Bonaparte, 1857
Species:
C. leadbeateri
Binomial name
Cacatua leadbeateri
(Vigors, 1831)
Subspecies

C. (L.). l. leadbeateri  (Vigors, 1831)
C. (L.). l. mollis  (Mathews, 1912)

Pink cockatoo range (in red)
Synonyms[2]

Plyctolophus leadbeateri Vigors, 1831
Plyctolophus erythropterus Swainson, 1837
Lophochroa leadbeateri

Taxonomy and naming edit

Irish naturalist Nicholas Aylward Vigors described the species in 1831 as Plyctolophus leadbeateri.[6] The scientific name commemorates the London naturalist and taxidermist Benjamin Leadbeater, who had given Vigors what would become the type specimen.[7] Edward Lear painted it in his 1832 work Illustrations of the Family of Psittacidae, or Parrots.[8] Citing Lear, William Swainson gave it the name Plyctolophus erythropterus.[9]

The pink cockatoo is more closely related to Cacatua than is the galah. Its lineage diverged around the time of or shortly after the acquisition of the long crest; probably the former as this crest type is not found in all Cacatua cockatoos, so must have been present in an early or incipient stage at the time of the divergence of the pink cockatoo's ancestors. Like the galah, this species has not lost the ability to deposit diluted pigment dyes in its body plumage, although it does not produce melanin colouration anymore, resulting in a lighter bird overall compared to the galah. Indeed, disregarding the crest, the pink cockatoo looks almost like a near-leucistic version of that species. Another indication of the early divergence of this species from the "white" cockatoo lineage is the presence of features found otherwise only in corellas, such as its plaintive yodeling cry, as well as others which are unique to pink and the true white cockatoos, for example the large crest and rounded wing shape.[10]

In 2023, this species was reclassified into the genus Cacatua by the International Ornithological Congress; although it represents a very basal member of the clade, it shares close morphological, behavioural, and vocal features to other members of the genus. Due to this, the former genus Lophochroa may be better considered a monotypic subgenus of Cacatua.[10][11][12]

Prior to 2023, "Major Mitchell's cockatoo" was designated the official name for this species by the International Ornithologists' Union (IOC).[13] "Pink cockatoo" was its official name (with Major Mitchell as an alternative) in the 1926 official RAOU checklist, and was reinstated as the official name in 2023 following the IOC's taxonomic change.[14] The bird became linked to Major Thomas Mitchell after he described the species in glowing terms in his books on his expeditions, calling it the "cockatoo of the interior". Mitchell himself called it the red-top cockatoo. Before this John Gould had called it Leadbeater's cockatoo (derived from the species name) in 1848,[7] as had Lear in 1832.[8] Gould added that people of the Swan River Colony called it pink cockatoo, and recorded an indigenous name Jak-kul-yak-kul.[15] Other names include desert cockatoo, and chockalott, chock-a-lock, joggle-joggle, and wee juggler, the last anglicised from the Wiradjuri wijugla.[7] In Central Australia south of Alice Springs, the Pitjantjatjara term is kakalyalya.[16] Names recorded from South Australia include kukkalulla (Kokatha dialect of Western Desert language), nkuna and ungkuna (Arrernte), yangkunnu (Barngarla), and yangwina (Wirangu),[17] and yel-le-lek (from the Wimmera), and cal-drin-ga (from the lower Murray).[18]

BirdLife Australia officially renamed Major Mitchell's cockatoo back to pink cockatoo in 2023, due to Mitchell's involvement in the massacre of Aboriginal people at Mount Dispersion and a general trend to make species names more culturally inclusive.[4]

Description edit

 
Adult perched on a tree in Melbourne Zoo

The pink cockatoo has a soft-textured white and salmon-pink plumage and large, bright red and yellow crest.[19] Its former name referenced Major Thomas Mitchell, who wrote, "Few birds more enliven the monotonous hues of the Australian forest than this beautiful species whose pink-coloured wings and flowing crest might have embellished the air of a more voluptuous region."[20] Pink cockatoo females and males are almost identical. The males are usually bigger. The female has a broader yellow stripe on the crest and develop a red eye when mature.[21]

Reproduction and lifespan edit

The bird reaches sexual maturity around 3–4 years old. The oldest recorded pink cockatoo died at 83 years old.[22]

Distribution and habitat edit

In contrast to those of the galah, populations of pink cockatoos have declined rather than increased as a result of man-made changes to the arid interior of Australia. Where galahs readily occupy cleared and part-cleared land, pink cockatoos require extensive woodlands, particularly favouring conifers (Callitris spp.), sheoak (Allocasuarina spp.) and eucalypts. Unlike other cockatoos, pink cockatoo pairs will not nest close to one another, so they cannot tolerate fragmented, partly cleared habitats, and their range is contracting.

In the Mallee region of Victoria where the galah and pink cockatoo can be found to be nesting in the same area, the two species have interbred and produced hybridised offspring occasionally.[23]

The pink cockatoo is usually found in pairs or small groups, and feeds both on the ground and in trees.[5]

Conservation status edit

Australia edit

The pink cockatoo is listed as endangered under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.[24]

Victoria edit

  • The pink cockatoo is listed as a threatened species on the Victorian Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act (1988).[25] Under this Act, an Action Statement for the recovery and future management of this species has been prepared.[26]
  • On the 2013 advisory list of threatened vertebrate fauna in Victoria, this species is listed as vulnerable.[27]

Aviculture edit

"Cookie", was a pink cockatoo and was a beloved resident of Illinois' Brookfield Zoo near Chicago from the time the zoo opened in 1934 until his death on 27 August 2016. Cookie was 83 years old and he had been retired from public display since 2009, due to ill health prior to his death.

Gallery edit

  •  
    "Plyctolophus leadbeateri, Leadbeater's Cockatoo" in Lear's influential 1832 monograph.
  •  
    Cookie, a cockatoo that lived to be 83 years old, housed in the Brookfield Zoo[28]
  •  
    In flight

References edit

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Cacatua leadbeateri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22684767A131914793. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22684767A131914793.en. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  2. ^ Australian Biological Resources Study (29 February 2012). "Subspecies Lophochroa leadbeateri leadbeateri (Vigors, 1831)". Australian Faunal Directory. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Australian Government. from the original on 21 October 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
  3. ^ "Master Lists – IOC World Bird List". worldbirdnames.org. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
  4. ^ a b Stafford, Andrew (16 September 2023). "What's in a name? The renaming of the pink cockatoo is no small thing in Australia's violent history". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
  5. ^ a b Joseph M. Forshaw (2010). Parrots of the World. Princeton University Press. p. 26. ISBN 978-1400836208.
  6. ^ Vigors, Nicholas Aylward (1831). "April 26, 1831". Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London. 1–2: 61. from the original on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
  7. ^ a b c Gray, Jeannie; Fraser, Ian (2013). Australian Bird Names: A Complete Guide. Collingwood, VIC, Australia: CSIRO Publishing. pp. 124, 128–130. ISBN 9780643104709.
  8. ^ a b Lear, Edward (1832). Illustrations of the Family of Psittacidae, or Parrots. London: Self. p. Pl. 5. from the original on 21 October 2021. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
  9. ^ Swainson, William John (1837). On the Natural History and Classification of Birds. Vol. 2. London: Longman. p. 302. from the original on 21 October 2021. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
  10. ^ a b Brown, D.M. & Toft, C.A. (1999): Auk 116(1): 141–157.
  11. ^ Les Christidis & Walter E Boles (2008) Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds, CSIRO Publishing
  12. ^ "Taxonomic Updates – IOC World Bird List". www.worldbirdnames.org. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  13. ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2021). "Parrots & cockatoos". World Bird List Version 11.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Archived from the original on 20 September 2014. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
  14. ^ Checklist Committee, Royal Australasian Ornithologist's Union (1926). Official checklist of the birds of Australia compiled by the Checklist Committee, Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union ; with appendix, scientific names—notes and pronunciation. Melbourne: H.J. Green, Govt. Printer. p. 45. from the original on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  15. ^ Gould, John (1848). The Birds of Australia. Volume 6. London: Printed by R. and J. E. Taylor; pub. by the author, 1840–1848. pp. Pl. 2, et seq. from the original on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
  16. ^ Cliff Goddard (1992). Pitjantjatjara/Yankunytjatjara To English Dictionary (2nd ed.). Alice Springs, Northern Territory: Institute for Aboriginal Development. p. 26. ISBN 0-949659-64-9.
  17. ^ Condon, H.T. (1955). "Aboriginal bird names – South Australia Part One" (PDF). South Australian Ornithologist. 21 (6–7): 74–88. (PDF) from the original on 16 November 2021. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  18. ^ Halley, Jacob John (1871). A monograph of the Psittacidae, or parrot family of Australia. Melbourne: Self. p. 7. from the original on 21 October 2021. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
  19. ^ Iain Campbell; Sam Woods (2013). Wildlife of Australia. Princeton University Press. p. 138. ISBN 9781400846825.
  20. ^ John Gould (1865). Handbook to The Birds of Australia, Volume 2.
  21. ^ Major Mitchell's Cockatoo Handbook of the Birds of the World
  22. ^ "Cacatua leadbeateri". The Moirai – Aging Research. 20 October 2016. from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  23. ^ Hurley. V, The State of Australias Birds 2008, Major mitchell's Cockatoo: changing threats, Birds Australia, p. 8 ISSN 1036-7810
  24. ^ "Lophochroa leadbeateri leadbeateri — Major Mitchell's Cockatoo (eastern), Eastern Major Mitchell's Cockatoo". from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  25. ^
  26. ^
  27. ^ DELWP (2013), Advisory List of Threatened Vertebrate Fauna in Victoria: 2013 (PDF), Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, (PDF) from the original on 15 August 2021, retrieved 30 June 2019
  28. ^ . Chicago Zoological Society. 9 October 2009. Archived from the original on 9 October 2009. Retrieved 9 April 2022.

Further reading edit

  • Fluffies.org (2006): Zazu the Major Mitchells cockatoo 2 January 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2006-JAN-14.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pink cockatoo.
 
Wikispecies has information related to Lophocroa leadbeateri.
  • Pink cockatoo at the World Parrot Trust Parrot Encyclopedia
  • BirdLife Species Factsheet

April 28, 2024
pink, cockatoo, pink, cockatoo, cacatua, leadbeateri, also, known, major, mitchell, cockatoo, leadbeater, cockatoo, medium, sized, cockatoo, that, inhabits, arid, semi, arid, inland, areas, across, australia, with, exception, north, east, with, crest, raised, . The pink cockatoo Cacatua leadbeateri also known as Major Mitchell s cockatoo or Leadbeater s cockatoo is a medium sized cockatoo that inhabits arid and semi arid inland areas across Australia with the exception of the north east 3 4 5 Pink cockatoo Pink cockatoo with its crest raised in New South Wales Australia Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Aves Order Psittaciformes Family Cacatuidae Genus Cacatua Subgenus LophochroaBonaparte 1857 Species C leadbeateri Binomial name Cacatua leadbeateri Vigors 1831 Subspecies C L l leadbeateri Vigors 1831 C L l mollis Mathews 1912 Pink cockatoo range in red Synonyms 2 Plyctolophus leadbeateri Vigors 1831 Plyctolophus erythropterus Swainson 1837 Lophochroa leadbeateri Contents 1 Taxonomy and naming 2 Description 2 1 Reproduction and lifespan 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Conservation status 4 1 Australia 4 2 Victoria 5 Aviculture 6 Gallery 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External linksTaxonomy and naming editIrish naturalist Nicholas Aylward Vigors described the species in 1831 as Plyctolophus leadbeateri 6 The scientific name commemorates the London naturalist and taxidermist Benjamin Leadbeater who had given Vigors what would become the type specimen 7 Edward Lear painted it in his 1832 work Illustrations of the Family of Psittacidae or Parrots 8 Citing Lear William Swainson gave it the name Plyctolophus erythropterus 9 The pink cockatoo is more closely related to Cacatua than is the galah Its lineage diverged around the time of or shortly after the acquisition of the long crest probably the former as this crest type is not found in all Cacatua cockatoos so must have been present in an early or incipient stage at the time of the divergence of the pink cockatoo s ancestors Like the galah this species has not lost the ability to deposit diluted pigment dyes in its body plumage although it does not produce melanin colouration anymore resulting in a lighter bird overall compared to the galah Indeed disregarding the crest the pink cockatoo looks almost like a near leucistic version of that species Another indication of the early divergence of this species from the white cockatoo lineage is the presence of features found otherwise only in corellas such as its plaintive yodeling cry as well as others which are unique to pink and the true white cockatoos for example the large crest and rounded wing shape 10 In 2023 this species was reclassified into the genus Cacatua by the International Ornithological Congress although it represents a very basal member of the clade it shares close morphological behavioural and vocal features to other members of the genus Due to this the former genus Lophochroa may be better considered a monotypic subgenus of Cacatua 10 11 12 Prior to 2023 Major Mitchell s cockatoo was designated the official name for this species by the International Ornithologists Union IOC 13 Pink cockatoo was its official name with Major Mitchell as an alternative in the 1926 official RAOU checklist and was reinstated as the official name in 2023 following the IOC s taxonomic change 14 The bird became linked to Major Thomas Mitchell after he described the species in glowing terms in his books on his expeditions calling it the cockatoo of the interior Mitchell himself called it the red top cockatoo Before this John Gould had called it Leadbeater s cockatoo derived from the species name in 1848 7 as had Lear in 1832 8 Gould added that people of the Swan River Colony called it pink cockatoo and recorded an indigenous name Jak kul yak kul 15 Other names include desert cockatoo and chockalott chock a lock joggle joggle and wee juggler the last anglicised from the Wiradjuri wijugla 7 In Central Australia south of Alice Springs the Pitjantjatjara term is kakalyalya 16 Names recorded from South Australia include kukkalulla Kokatha dialect of Western Desert language nkuna and ungkuna Arrernte yangkunnu Barngarla and yangwina Wirangu 17 and yel le lek from the Wimmera and cal drin ga from the lower Murray 18 BirdLife Australia officially renamed Major Mitchell s cockatoo back to pink cockatoo in 2023 due to Mitchell s involvement in the massacre of Aboriginal people at Mount Dispersion and a general trend to make species names more culturally inclusive 4 Description edit nbsp Adult perched on a tree in Melbourne Zoo The pink cockatoo has a soft textured white and salmon pink plumage and large bright red and yellow crest 19 Its former name referenced Major Thomas Mitchell who wrote Few birds more enliven the monotonous hues of the Australian forest than this beautiful species whose pink coloured wings and flowing crest might have embellished the air of a more voluptuous region 20 Pink cockatoo females and males are almost identical The males are usually bigger The female has a broader yellow stripe on the crest and develop a red eye when mature 21 Reproduction and lifespan edit The bird reaches sexual maturity around 3 4 years old The oldest recorded pink cockatoo died at 83 years old 22 Distribution and habitat editIn contrast to those of the galah populations of pink cockatoos have declined rather than increased as a result of man made changes to the arid interior of Australia Where galahs readily occupy cleared and part cleared land pink cockatoos require extensive woodlands particularly favouring conifers Callitris spp sheoak Allocasuarina spp and eucalypts Unlike other cockatoos pink cockatoo pairs will not nest close to one another so they cannot tolerate fragmented partly cleared habitats and their range is contracting In the Mallee region of Victoria where the galah and pink cockatoo can be found to be nesting in the same area the two species have interbred and produced hybridised offspring occasionally 23 The pink cockatoo is usually found in pairs or small groups and feeds both on the ground and in trees 5 Conservation status editAustralia edit The pink cockatoo is listed as endangered under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 24 Victoria edit The pink cockatoo is listed as a threatened species on the Victorian Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 25 Under this Act an Action Statement for the recovery and future management of this species has been prepared 26 On the 2013 advisory list of threatened vertebrate fauna in Victoria this species is listed as vulnerable 27 Aviculture edit Cookie was a pink cockatoo and was a beloved resident of Illinois Brookfield Zoo near Chicago from the time the zoo opened in 1934 until his death on 27 August 2016 Cookie was 83 years old and he had been retired from public display since 2009 due to ill health prior to his death Gallery edit nbsp Plyctolophus leadbeateri Leadbeater s Cockatoo in Lear s influential 1832 monograph nbsp Cookie a cockatoo that lived to be 83 years old housed in the Brookfield Zoo 28 nbsp In flightReferences edit BirdLife International 2018 Cacatua leadbeateri IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 e T22684767A131914793 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2018 2 RLTS T22684767A131914793 en Retrieved 13 April 2024 Australian Biological Resources Study 29 February 2012 Subspecies Lophochroa leadbeateri leadbeateri Vigors 1831 Australian Faunal Directory Canberra Australian Capital Territory Department of the Environment Water Heritage and the Arts Australian Government Archived from the original on 21 October 2021 Retrieved 16 October 2021 Master Lists IOC World Bird List worldbirdnames org Retrieved 6 December 2023 a b Stafford Andrew 16 September 2023 What s in a name The renaming of the pink cockatoo is no small thing in Australia s violent history The Guardian Retrieved 6 December 2023 a b Joseph M Forshaw 2010 Parrots of the World Princeton University Press p 26 ISBN 978 1400836208 Vigors Nicholas Aylward 1831 April 26 1831 Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1 2 61 Archived from the original on 16 October 2021 Retrieved 16 October 2021 a b c Gray Jeannie Fraser Ian 2013 Australian Bird Names A Complete Guide Collingwood VIC Australia CSIRO Publishing pp 124 128 130 ISBN 9780643104709 a b Lear Edward 1832 Illustrations of the Family of Psittacidae or Parrots London Self p Pl 5 Archived from the original on 21 October 2021 Retrieved 21 October 2021 Swainson William John 1837 On the Natural History and Classification of Birds Vol 2 London Longman p 302 Archived from the original on 21 October 2021 Retrieved 21 October 2021 a b Brown D M amp Toft C A 1999 Molecular systematics and biogeography of the cockatoos Psittaciformes Cacatuidae Auk 116 1 141 157 Les Christidis amp Walter E Boles 2008 Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds CSIRO Publishing Taxonomic Updates IOC World Bird List www worldbirdnames org Retrieved 24 July 2023 Gill Frank Donsker David eds 2021 Parrots amp cockatoos World Bird List Version 11 2 International Ornithologists Union Archived from the original on 20 September 2014 Retrieved 16 October 2021 Checklist Committee Royal Australasian Ornithologist s Union 1926 Official checklist of the birds of Australia compiled by the Checklist Committee Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union with appendix scientific names notes and pronunciation Melbourne H J Green Govt Printer p 45 Archived from the original on 20 October 2021 Retrieved 20 October 2021 Gould John 1848 The Birds of Australia Volume 6 London Printed by R and J E Taylor pub by the author 1840 1848 pp Pl 2 et seq Archived from the original on 16 October 2021 Retrieved 16 October 2021 Cliff Goddard 1992 Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara To English Dictionary 2nd ed Alice Springs Northern Territory Institute for Aboriginal Development p 26 ISBN 0 949659 64 9 Condon H T 1955 Aboriginal bird names South Australia Part One PDF South Australian Ornithologist 21 6 7 74 88 Archived PDF from the original on 16 November 2021 Retrieved 20 October 2021 Halley Jacob John 1871 A monograph of the Psittacidae or parrot family of Australia Melbourne Self p 7 Archived from the original on 21 October 2021 Retrieved 21 October 2021 Iain Campbell Sam Woods 2013 Wildlife of Australia Princeton University Press p 138 ISBN 9781400846825 John Gould 1865 Handbook to The Birds of Australia Volume 2 Major Mitchell s Cockatoo Handbook of the Birds of the World Cacatua leadbeateri The Moirai Aging Research 20 October 2016 Archived from the original on 20 December 2016 Retrieved 13 December 2016 Hurley V The State of Australias Birds 2008 Major mitchell s Cockatoo changing threats Birds Australia p 8 ISSN 1036 7810 Lophochroa leadbeateri leadbeateri Major Mitchell s Cockatoo eastern Eastern Major Mitchell s Cockatoo Archived from the original on 31 March 2023 Retrieved 4 May 2023 Department of Sustainability and Environment Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment Victoria DELWP 2013 Advisory List of Threatened Vertebrate Fauna in Victoria 2013 PDF Department of Environment Land Water and Planning archived PDF from the original on 15 August 2021 retrieved 30 June 2019 Cookie Cockatoo Retires Chicago Zoological Society 9 October 2009 Archived from the original on 9 October 2009 Retrieved 9 April 2022 Further reading editFluffies org 2006 Zazu the Major Mitchells cockatoo Archived 2 January 2007 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 2006 JAN 14 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pink cockatoo nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Lophocroa leadbeateri Pink cockatoo at the World Parrot Trust Parrot Encyclopedia BirdLife Species Factsheet Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pink cockatoo amp oldid 1218781902, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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