MIT School of Architecture and Planning

See also: Campus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology

The MIT School of Architecture and Planning (MIT SAP, stylized as SA+P) is one of the five schools of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1865 by William Robert Ware, the school offered the first architecture curriculum in the United States and was the first architecture program established within a university.^[1] MIT's Department of Architecture has consistently ranked among the top architecture/built environment schools in the world.^[2][3][4]

MIT School of Architecture and Planning

Type	Private
Established	1865 (first courses taught) 1932 (MITSAP established)
Dean	Hashim Sarkis
Academic staff	150
Students	408 150 (Architecture) 56 (Urban Planning) 189 (Media Lab) 9 (Art, Culture and Technology)
Location	Cambridge , Massachusetts , United States
Campus	Urban
Affiliations	MIT
Website	sap.mit.edu

In the 20th century, the school came to be known by introducing modernism to America.^{[citation needed]} MIT has a history of commissioning progressive buildings, many of which were designed by faculty or former students associated with the school. In recent years, the campus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has been expanded with a mix of modernist and post-modernist buildings.^[5][6]

Since 2015, the Dean of Architecture and Planning is Hashim Sarkis.^[7][8]

History

Architecture

The Architecture program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology was founded in 1865, with the first courses taught in 1868. Despite its founding within a technical school, the architecture program began as a course of general study that was more closely aligned with the liberal arts. William Robert Ware modeled the school as a modified version of the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, entrusting the program's design leadership to Eugene Letang, a French graduate of the École who was a strict teacher of precise draftsmanship and clear composition.

In 1932, when MIT President Karl T. Compton reorganized the institute's academic structure, the School of Architecture was formally established, incorporating the department of architecture. The head of the department of architecture, William Emerson, then proceeded to become the first dean of the School of Architecture.

Planning

Urban Studies and Planning was originally a department within the School of Architecture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The City Planning program was first offered in September 1933.^[9]

In 1944, the school was renamed as the ‘School of Architecture and Planning’.

In 1947, the Department of City and Regional Planning was established, which was renamed the Department of Urban Studies and Planning (DUSP) in 1969.

Media Lab

Main article: MIT Media Lab

The MIT Media Lab was organized in 1980 by Professor Nicholas Negroponte and Jerome Wiesner, the former MIT President and Science Advisor to President John F. Kennedy. The Media Lab grew out of the work of MIT's Architecture Machine Group and remains within MIT's School of Architecture and Planning.

Devoted to research projects at the convergence of multimedia and technology, the Media Lab was widely popularized in the 1990s by business and technology publications such as Wired and Red Herring for a series of innovative but practical inventions in the fields of wireless networks, field sensing, web browsers, and the World Wide Web. The Media Lab works primarily on the theory and real-world implementation of physical-virtual interface. As Negroponte envisioned it, interface has become an architectural problem. There have been numerous research spinoffs of the Media Lab, including One Laptop per Child (OLPC), Electronic Ink, and LEGO Mindstorms.

Visual Arts

 

The President of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Dr. Rafael Reif calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on January 28, 2016. Shri Ratan Tata is also pictured.

The MIT Program in Art, Culture and Technology (ACT), hosted by the department of architecture, was created in the summer of 2009 by the merger of the Visual Arts Program (VAP) and the Center for Advanced Visual Studies (CAVS). The CAVS, now renamed the ACT Fellows program, was founded in 1968 with György Kepes as the director. The CAVS had the goal of encouraging collaboration among artists, scientists, and engineers, and it served as a precursor to the MIT Media Lab decades later. The successor ACT Fellows program continues as a research center for practicing artists.

Center for Real Estate

The MIT Center for Real Estate was established in 1983, with the aim of improving the quality of the built environment. An intensive one-year program leads to a Master of Science in Real Estate degree.^[10]

Deans of MIT School of Architecture and Planning

Dean	Tenure	Career
William Emerson	1932-1939	Architect
Walter R. MacCornack	1939-1944	Architect
William W. Wurster	1944-1950	Architect
Pietro Belluschi	1950-1965	Architect
Lawrence B. Anderson	1965-1971	Architect
William L. Porter	1972-1981	Architect
John de Monchaux	1981-1992	Architect and Urban Planner
William J. Mitchell	1992-2003	Architect and Urban Designer
Adèle Naudé Santos	2004-2014	Architect
Mark Jarzombek	Interim dean, July – December 2014	Architectural Historian
Hashim Sarkis	2015–present	Architect and Urban Designer

Academic and research programs

Undergraduate education

Undergraduates are admitted MIT-wide and are not expected to formally declare a major until the end of the freshman or sophomore year. All MIT undergraduates must satisfy the General Institute Requirements regardless of major, as well as more-specialized departmental requirements. SAP undergraduates normally are affiliated with the architecture department (Course 4) or the Department of Urban Studies and Planning (DUSP, Course 11). All MIT undergraduates may freely register for any course on a university-wide basis, including graduate-level courses, provided that they have satisfied any course prerequisites.

Architecture

The department of architecture is divided into five main research areas:

• Architectural Design
• Building Technology
• Design and Computation
• History, Theory and Criticism of Architecture and Art (for which MIT was the first to establish such a program)
• The Art, Culture and Technology program.

Further, there are three special research groups:

• Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture (in partnership with Harvard University)
• Center for Real Estate
• Special Interest Group in Urban Settlements

The department offers several degrees, including:

• Bachelor of Science in Art and Design (BSAD)
• Bachelor of Science (BS) as pre-professional, undergraduate degrees
• Master of Architecture (MArch)
• Master of Science in Architecture Studies (SMArchS) with a specialization in the school's five main research areas
  • Building Technology
  • Design
  • Computation
  • History and Theory of Architecture
  • Urbanism
• Master of Science in Building Technology (SMBT)
• Master of Science in Art, Culture and Technology (SMACT)
• Doctor of Philosophy in Architecture (PhD) degree with specialization in
  • Building Technology
  • Design and Computation
  • History and Theory of Architecture
  • History and Theory of Art

Nicholas de Monchaux has been the chair of the architecture department since 2020.

Media Laboratory

The MIT Media Lab Program in Media Arts and Sciences (MAS) offers two degrees:

• Master of Science
• Doctor of Philosophy in Media Arts and Sciences

Urban Studies and Planning

The Department of Urban Studies and Planning (DUSP) has four specialization areas: City Design and Development; Environmental Policy; Housing, Community and Economic Development; and the International Development Group. There are also three cross-cutting areas of study: Transportation Planning and Policy; Urban Information Systems (UIS); and Regional Planning.

The Department of Urban Studies and Planning offers the following degrees:

• Master in City Planning (MCP)
• PhD in Urban and Regional Studies
• PhD in Urban and Regional Planning
• Bachelor of Science (SB) in Planning
• Bachelor of Science (SB) in Bachelor of Urban Science and Planning with Computer Science
• a five-year SB/MCP
• minors in Public Policy and in Urban Studies and Planning.

Center for Real Estate

The MIT Center for Real Estate was established in 1983 with the aim of improving the quality of the built environment. An intensive one-year program leads to a Master of Science in Real Estate degree.

Morningside Academy for Design

The MIT Morningside Academy for Design was established in 2022^[11] as an interdisciplinary center to foster academic and research programs across MIT, especially between the School of Architecture and Planning and the MIT School of Engineering.

Financial support

A substantial portion of the annual budget, which supports half tuition and full-tuition scholarships in addition to the school's costs, is generated through donations from alumni in both the public and the private sector. Students also have the opportunity to be fully-funded when traveling abroad through MISTI.

Rankings

For four consecutive years from 2015 to 2018, the MIT Architecture Department received the top world ranking from QS World University Rankings.^[12] In the 2019/2020 rankings, the department was ranked 2nd in the world. In the 2020/2021 rankings, MIT regained the top position once again.

As of 2018^[update], Design Intelligence ranked the MIT MArch program in 2nd place. The program's ten-year average ranking places it 4th overall, on its ranking of programs accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board.^{[citation needed]} In 2018, Design Intelligence ranked MIT among the top three Most Admired Architecture Schools at the graduate level.^[13]

As of 2017, MIT's Department of Urban Studies and Planning ranks #1 in North America for graduate programs in urban planning, according to Planetizen.^[14]

Research, projects and partnerships

In addition to its degree programs, MIT administers research initiatives in design, technology, history, and structure. The school publishes the annual peer-reviewed journals Thresholds and Building Discourse, and other design books and studio works.

MIT@Lawrence

MIT@Lawrence is a partnership among MIT, several Lawrence, Massachusetts-based community organizations, and the City of Lawrence. The partnership is aimed at facilitating affordable housing development, building community assets, and improving youth pathways to advancement. It is funded by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).

MIT Senseable City Lab

Main article: MIT Senseable City Lab

The MIT Senseable City Laboratory aims to investigate and anticipate how digital technologies are changing the way people live and their implications at the urban scale. Director Carlo Ratti founded the Senseable City Lab in 2004 within the City Design and Development group at the Department of Urban Studies and Planning, as well as in collaboration with the MIT Media Lab. Recent projects include "The Copenhagen Wheel"^[15] which debuted at the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference, "Trash_Track" ^[16] shown at the Architectural League of New York and the Seattle Public Library, "New York Talk Exchange" ^[17] featured in the Museum of Modern Art, and Real Time Rome included in the 2006 Venice Biennale of Architecture.

Campus

Uncommon to design education, MIT's programs are integrated with the greater university in curriculum, resources, and campus. The network of contiguous buildings that combine to create the campus fosters sharing of common spaces and circulations with neighboring fields of study.

Rogers Building

Most of the school facilities are located in or near the Rogers Building at the main entrance to the central MIT campus (chiefly designed by William Welles Bosworth); the hallway spaces have been nicknamed the Infinite Corridor. The fourth floor western end of the Infinite Corridor is lined with studio spaces and classrooms, while other classrooms are dispersed throughout the campus. The "glass bowl" nature of many of the architectural spaces lining the Infinite Corridor invites colleagues across the school for observation and collaboration.

Venues along the Infinite Corridor display exhibits that regularly feature the work of faculty, researchers, and students. Additional SAP exhibits may be seen at the MIT Museum, Wolk Gallery, Keller Gallery, Deans Office Gallery, Rotch Library, and the PLAZmA Digital Gallery.

Rotch Library

Originally built in 1938 as part of the Rogers Building (designed by William Welles Bosworth with Harry J. Carlson), MIT's Rotch Library of Architecture and Planning is one of the premier architecture libraries in the United States, supporting the first formal architecture program in the country. Rotch Library is also home to the Aga Khan Documentation Center, the GIS Lab, the Visual Collection, and the Rotch Limited Access collections.

Although the library acquired an additional half-floor of space in the mid-1950s, the collection had outgrown its 9,200-square-foot (850 m²) facility by the 1970s. The only available expansion space was a narrow vertical cavity next to the original library. Schwartz/Silver Architects decided to suspend newly-added floors from roof girders which support the weight of the books from above, allowing the elimination of floor beams to maximize use of the narrow footprint. Six new floors were fitted into the same height as the four of the original building, while still allowing for a 17-foot (5.2 m) vertical clearance for a truck turnaround below. A narrow, sky-lit atrium between the old building and the new addition allows sunlight to reach offices and studios in the upper floors, mitigating the unavoidable loss of exterior views. The result is an addition that has been referred to as a "glass cage," which contains the book stacks, limited-access collection, and exhibition gallery, while the renovated original Bosworth building holds the main reading room and administrative offices.

Fab Labs

MIT SAP has access to multiple fab labs, including two along the Infinite Corridor, a woodshop in Building N51 (several blocks away), the Media Lab shop (in Building E14), the Design Center Lab, and other spaces.^[18] There is a smartphone app to allow students and staff to locate resources campus-wide and to coordinate access to fab facilities.

Media Lab buildings

At the eastern end of the campus, the Wiesner building (E15, designed by I.M.Pei) mainly houses the Media Lab programs, the List Visual Arts Center, the School of Architecture and Planning's Program in Art, Culture and Technology (ACT), and MIT's Program in Comparative Media Studies (CMS).

In 2009, the Media Lab expanded into a new building (E14) designed by Pritzker Prize-winning Japanese architect Fumihiko Maki. The local architect of record is Leers Weinzapfel Associates of Boston. The 163,000-square-foot (15,100 m²), six-story building features an open, atelier-style, adaptable architecture specifically designed to provide the flexibility to respond to emerging research priorities. High levels of transparency throughout the building's interior make ongoing research visible, encouraging connections and collaboration among researchers. The two buildings are closely interconnected on several levels, allowing free movement between interior spaces.

Distinguished alumni and faculty

See also: List of Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni

Notable Alumni

• Christopher Alexander, architect, co-author of A Pattern Language
• Christopher Charles Benninger, founder of School of Planning, CEPT, Ahmedabad, architect and urban planner.
• William Welles Bosworth, architect and original planner of MIT's Cambridge Campus
• Gordon Bunshaft, partner in Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, modernist architect, Pritzker Prize Laureate (1988)
• Idit Harel Caperton, educational psychologist and epistemologist
• Ogden Codman Jr., architect and interior decorator
• Charles Correa, architect, Japan Praemium Imperiale, RIBA Royal Gold Medal
• Daniel Chester French, architect of the Lincoln Memorial
• John Desmond, architecture professor Louisiana State University
• Mantle Fielding
• Benjamin Fry, co-creator of Processing computer language
• Cass Gilbert, architect of the United States Supreme Court Building
• Marion Mahony Griffin, co-designer of the plan for Canberra, Australia
• Saul Griffith, inventor, recipient of MacArthur Award "genius grant"
• K. Michael Hays, architecture theorist
• Nathanael Herreshoff, naval architect/engineer, yacht designer
• Raymond Hood, architect of Rockefeller Center
• Myron Hunt
• Mark Jarzombek, architecture historian
• Mitchell Joachim, professor and urban designer
• Janet Keeping, lawyer and academic, leader of the Green Party of Alberta
• Vincent G. Kling, architect, co-founder of KlingStubbins
• Piotr Kowalski, Polish sculptor
• Kevin A. Lynch, urban planner, professor and author
• John Maeda, president of Rhode Island School of Design (2008-2013), graphic designer, computer scientist, author
• Steve Meretzky, computer game designer
• Kathleen Merrigan, United States Deputy Secretary of Agriculture
• Benjamin Netanyahu, 9th and 13th Prime Minister of Israel
• Nicholas Negroponte, architect, technology visionary, author, founder of Media Lab, Chairman of One Laptop per Child
• Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, Managing Director of the World Bank
• Dale Owen, Welsh architect
• William Pedersen of Kohn Pedersen Fox, American architect
• I.M.Pei, architect, RIBA Royal Gold Medal, Pritzker Prize Laureate (1983)
• Carlo Ratti, Italian architect, engineer, Director of MIT Senseable City Lab
• Casey Reas, co-creator of Processing computer language
• Mitchel Resnick, professor of learning research
• Douglas T. Ross, scientist who coined the term CAD for computer-aided design
• Arthur Rotch, American architect and activist
• Steve Russell, creator of the first videogame Spacewar!
• Alexis Sablone, American professional skateboarder and artist
• B. Stanley Simmons
• Louis Skidmore, founding partner of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, AIA Gold Medal
• Michael Sorkin, American architect
• Edward Durell Stone, modernist architect
• Louis Sullivan, "Prophet of Modern Architecture", recipient of AIA Gold Medal
• Tomas Taveira, Portuguese architect
• James Knox Taylor, supervisory architect of Denver Mint and Philadelphia Mint
• Robert Taylor, architect, MIT's first black graduate
• Nader Tehrani, Dean of Cooper Union
• Stanley Tigerman, architect
• John Tsang, Financial Secretary (Hong Kong), Chair of the MC6 of the WTO
• Harry Mohr Weese, architect, historic preservation advocate
• Sarah Whiting, Dean of Rice University School of Architecture
• Harry Wolf, American Architect

Current faculty

• Azra Aksamija
• Yung Ho Chang, former chair of Department of Architecture
• Marcelo Coelho, computation artist and designer
• Nicholas de Monchaux, current Head, Department of Architecture
• Mark Jarzombek, architectural historian and theorist
• Sheila Kennedy (architect)
• Kent Larson (architect), director of the changing places research group
• Nicholas Negroponte, cofounder MIT Media Lab
• John Ochsendorf, structural engineer, recipient of MacArthur Award "genius grant"
• Neri Oxman, bioengineer, pioneer in innovative materials
• Adèle Naudé Santos
• Hashim Sarkis, Dean
• Wang Shu, Pritzker Prize Laureate
• Anne Whiston Spirn, landscape architect
• George Stiny
• Skylar Tibbits, designer and computer scientist

Former faculty

• Alvar Aalto, Finnish architect, recipient of AIA Gold Medal and RIBA Royal Gold Medal
• Alan A. Altshuler
• Pietro Belluschi, architect, former Dean, recipient of AIA Gold Medal and National Medal of Arts
• Muriel Cooper, influential graphic designer, first female tenured professor at the Media Lab, first art director of the MIT Press
• William Emerson, former Dean of Architecture
• Buckminster Fuller, visionary architect, designer, author, invented the geodesic dome
• Sigfried Giedion, author of the highly influential history Space, Time and Architecture
• Dolores Hayden
• K. Michael Hays
• Louis Kahn, architect, urban planner
• Bashirul Haq, architect, regional modernist, ex-professor at BUET and SUST
• HHF Architects
• Joi Ito, former director of MIT Media Lab
• Sanford Kwinter
• Kevin A. Lynch, urban planner, professor, author
• Winy Maas, Dutch architect, member of MVRDV
• John Maeda, President of the Rhode Island School of Design, graphic designer, author
• Rahul Mehrotra
• William J. Mitchell, former Dean, prolific author, architect, urban designer who played a major role in 21st century MIT campus expansion
• SelgasCano
• Kenzo Tange, architect, AIA Gold Medal, Pritzker Prize laureate (1987)
• Nader Tehrani, Dean, Cooper Union
• William Robert Ware, founder of architecture programs at MIT and Columbia University
• Krzysztof Wodiczko, artist
• William Wurster, former Dean, recipient of AIA Gold Medal, founder of architecture program at UC Berkeley
• Meejin Yoon, Chair of Department of Architecture, recipient of the Rome Prize

References

1. "School of Architecture and Planning | MIT History". libraries.mit.edu. Retrieved 2024-03-04.
2. "QS World University Rankings by Subject: Architecture & Built Environment 2023". QSChina. Quacquarelli Symonds. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
3. Gilmore, David (19 Oct 2019). "America's Top Architecture Schools 2020". Architectural Record. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
4. "QS ranks MIT the world's No. 1 university for 2022-23". MIT News. 8 June 2022. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
5. Dillon, David (2004-02-22). "Starchitecture on Campus". Boston Globe. Retrieved 2006-10-24.
6. Flint, Anthony (October 13, 2002). "At MIT, Going Boldly Where No Architect Has Gone Before". Boston Globe.
7. "School of Architecture and Planning: About Us". MIT. Retrieved 2007-08-13.
8. Dizikes, Peter (22 Oct 2014). "Hashim Sarkis named dean of the School of Architecture and Planning". MIT News. Retrieved 8 Feb 2024.
9. "MIT History - Department of Urban Studies and Planning". MIT Libraries. May 2004. Retrieved 8 Feb 2024.
10. "MIT History - School of Architecture and Planning". libraries.mit.edu.
11. "MIT Morningside Academy for Design created as a new hub for cross-disciplinary education, research, and innovation". MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 14 March 2022. Retrieved 2022-03-14.
12. "MIT named No. 1 university worldwide for architecture/built environment, No. 4 for art and design | MIT Architecture". architecture.mit.edu. Retrieved 2020-01-20.
13. . di-rankings.com. Archived from the original on 2019-01-24. Retrieved 2019-05-02.
14. "Top Schools". Planetizen - Urban Planning News, Jobs, and Education. Retrieved 2019-05-01.
15. Bhanoo, Sindya N. (2009-12-15). "For Bicyclists Needing a Boost, This Wheel May Help". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-12-12.
16. Navarro, Mireya (2009-09-16). "Following Trash and Recyclables on Their Journey". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-12-12.
17. Chan, Sewell (2008-02-22). "New York and the Vanguard of Digital Design". City Room. Retrieved 2022-12-12.
18. "Architecture Shops | Main". archshops.mit.edu. Retrieved 2022-12-12.

Further reading

• Paul Bennett, "Landscape Organism: The West Philadelphia Landscape Project", Landscape Architecture (March 2000): 66–71, 82.
• Campbell, Glenn, "Learning Gets Real With Service", Philadelphia Daily News, May 7, 1998.
• Steve Curwood, "Nature in the City: Redesigning the Granite Garden", Living on Earth, National Public Radio, 1993 [1]
• Anne Whiston Spirn, "Restoring Mill Creek: Landscape Literacy, Environmental Justice, and City Planning and Design", Landscape Research 30:5 (July 2005): pp. 359–377. PDF
• Anne Whiston Spirn, The Language of Landscape, Yale University Press, 1998.
• Keiko Takayama, "The West Philadelphia Landscape Project" (in Japanese), Bio-City 17 (November 1999), pp. 57–67.

External links

• Official website

42°21′33″N 71°05′36″W / 42.3593°N 71.09331°W / 42.3593; -71.09331