Lygodium (climbing fern) is a genus of about 40 species of ferns, native to tropical regions across the world, with a few temperate species in eastern Asia and eastern North America. It is the sole genus in the family Lygodiaceae in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).[1] Alternatively, the genus may be placed as the only genus in the subfamily Lygodioideae of a more broadly defined family Schizaeaceae,[2] the family placement used in Plants of the World Online as of November 2019[update].[3]
Lygodium are unusual in that the rachis, or midrib, of the frond is thin, flexible, and long, the frond unrolling with indeterminate growth and the rachis twining around supports, so that each frond forms a distinct vine. The fronds may be from 3–12 m (9.8–39.4 ft) long, depending on the species.[citation needed]
Uses
Lygodium species, known as nito, are used as a source of fibers in the Philippines. The fibers are used as material for weaving, most notably of traditional salakot headgear.[4][5]
As invasive species
Some Lygodium species are now considered very problematic invasive weeds in the southeastern United States. Populations of Lygodium have increased more than 12-fold over the past decade, as noted by Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.[6]
Japanese climbing fern (Lygodium japonicum) was added to the Florida Noxious Weed List in 1999. It is also a major problem in pine plantations, causing contamination and harvesting problems for the pine straw industry. Old World climbing fern (Lygodium microphyllum) infests cypress swamps and other hydric sites, forming a monoculture. This massive infestation displaces all native flora and fauna, completely changing the ecosystem of the area.[7]
Plants in this genus have basal chromosome counts of n=28, 29, 30.
Lygodium salicifolium Presl 1845 – Southern China south to northern Australasia.
?Lygodium subareolatum – China.
Lygodium smithianum Presl 1845
Lygodium trifurcatum Baker 1868 – Tropical southeast Asia south to northern Australasia.
Lygodium venustum Sw. 1803
Lygodium versteeghii Christ 1909 – Tropical southeast Asia south to northern Australasia.
Lygodium volubile Sw. 1803 – Northern South America, Central America, Caribbean.
Lygodium yunnanense Ching 1959 – Southern China.
L. ×fayae Jermy & Walker 1985
L. ×lancetillanum Gómez 1980
References
^ abPPG I (2016). "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 54 (6): 563–603. doi:10.1111/jse.12229. S2CID 39980610.
^Christenhusz, Maarten J.M. & Chase, Mark W. (2014). "Trends and concepts in fern classification". Annals of Botany. 113 (9): 571–594. doi:10.1093/aob/mct299. PMC3936591. PMID 24532607.
^"Lygodium Sw". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2019-11-23.
^"Lygodium (PROSEA)". Pl@ntUse. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
^"SS-AGR-21/AG122: Natural Area Weeds: Old World Climbing Fern (Lygodium microphyllum)". Edis.ifas.ufl.edu. Retrieved 2014-07-15.
^"Japanese climbing fern—Lygodium japonicum | Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants". Plants.ifas.ufl.edu. Retrieved 2014-07-15.
^Nitta, Joel H.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Ramírez-Barahona, Santiago; Iwasaki, Wataru; et al. (2022). "An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life". Frontiers in Plant Science. 13: 909768. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.909768. PMC9449725. PMID 36092417.
^"Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL". FTOL v1.4.0 [GenBank release 253]. 2023. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
^"Flora of New Zealand | General Profile | Lygodium articulatum". Nzflora.info. Retrieved 2014-07-15.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lygodium.
Flora of North America: Lygodium
"Lygodium Sw". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
C.Michael Hogan. 2010. Fern. Encyclopedia of Earth. eds. Saikat Basu and C.Cleveland. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC.
Flora of China: Lygodium species list
August 03, 2023
lygodium, climbing, fern, genus, about, species, ferns, native, tropical, regions, across, world, with, temperate, species, eastern, asia, eastern, north, america, sole, genus, family, lygodiaceae, pteridophyte, phylogeny, group, classification, 2016, alternat. Lygodium climbing fern is a genus of about 40 species of ferns native to tropical regions across the world with a few temperate species in eastern Asia and eastern North America It is the sole genus in the family Lygodiaceae in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 PPG I 1 Alternatively the genus may be placed as the only genus in the subfamily Lygodioideae of a more broadly defined family Schizaeaceae 2 the family placement used in Plants of the World Online as of November 2019 update 3 LygodiumTemporal range Cretaceous Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg NLygodium japonicumScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesDivision PolypodiophytaClass PolypodiopsidaOrder SchizaealesFamily LygodiaceaeC PreslGenus LygodiumSw Type speciesLygodium scandens L Sw SpeciesSee textSynonyms 1 Arthrolygodes Presl 1845 Cteisium Michaux 1803 Gisopteris Bernh 1800 Hugona Cavanilles ex Roemer 1801 Hydroglossum Willdenow 1802 Lygodictyon Smith ex Hook 1842 Odontopteris Bernhardi 1800 non Brongniart 1822 Sternberg 1825 Ramondia de Mirbel 1801 Ugena Cavanilles 1801 Vallifilix Du Petit Thouars 1806 Contents 1 Description 2 Uses 3 As invasive species 4 Selected species 5 References 6 External linksDescription EditLygodium are unusual in that the rachis or midrib of the frond is thin flexible and long the frond unrolling with indeterminate growth and the rachis twining around supports so that each frond forms a distinct vine The fronds may be from 3 12 m 9 8 39 4 ft long depending on the species citation needed Uses EditLygodium species known as nito are used as a source of fibers in the Philippines The fibers are used as material for weaving most notably of traditional salakot headgear 4 5 As invasive species EditSome Lygodium species are now considered very problematic invasive weeds in the southeastern United States Populations of Lygodium have increased more than 12 fold over the past decade as noted by Florida s Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences 6 Japanese climbing fern Lygodium japonicum was added to the Florida Noxious Weed List in 1999 It is also a major problem in pine plantations causing contamination and harvesting problems for the pine straw industry Old World climbing fern Lygodium microphyllum infests cypress swamps and other hydric sites forming a monoculture This massive infestation displaces all native flora and fauna completely changing the ecosystem of the area 7 Plants in this genus have basal chromosome counts of n 28 29 30 Selected species EditPhylogeny of Lygodium 8 9 section L palmatumPalmataL articulatumsection L reticulatumL flexuosumL microphyllumLygodiumsection L salicifoliumL circinatumL radiatumL smithianumL heterodoxumL cubenseL oligostachyumL polystachyumL volubileL venustumL japonicumL kersteniiL lanceolatumVolubiliaLygodium altum Clarke Alderw 1909 Lygodium articulatum A Rich 1832 New Zealand North Island 10 Lygodium auriculatum Willd Alston 1959 Lygodium boivinii Kuhn 1868 Lygodium borneense Alderw 1915 Lygodium circinatum Burm fil Sw 1806 Tropical Asia and Australasia Lygodium conforme China Lygodium cubense Kunth 1815 Cuba Hispaniola Lygodium digitatum China Lygodium dimorphum Copel 1911 Lygodium flexuosum L Sw 1801 Southern China south to northern Australasia Kerala South India Lygodium heterodoxum Kunze 1849 Lygodium hians E Fourn 1873 Lygodium japonicum Thunb Sw 1801 Japanese climbing fern Eastern Asia south to northern Australia Lygodium kerstenii Kuhn 1867 Lygodium lanceolatum Desv 1811 Lygodium longifolium Willd Sw 1803 Lygodium merrillii Copel 1907 Lygodium microphyllum Cav R Br 1810 Old World climbing fern Africa south Asia and Australia Lygodium microstachyum China Lygodium oligostachyum Willd Desv 1827 Lygodium palmatum Bernh Swartz 1806 American climbing fern Eastern United States rare confined to acid soils Lygodium polystachyum Wall ex Moore 1859 China Lygodium radiatum Prantl 1881 Lygodium reticulatum Schkuhr 1809 Australia Polynesia Lygodium salicifolium Presl 1845 Southern China south to northern Australasia Lygodium subareolatum China Lygodium smithianum Presl 1845 Lygodium trifurcatum Baker 1868 Tropical southeast Asia south to northern Australasia Lygodium venustum Sw 1803 Lygodium versteeghii Christ 1909 Tropical southeast Asia south to northern Australasia Lygodium volubile Sw 1803 Northern South America Central America Caribbean Lygodium yunnanense Ching 1959 Southern China L fayae Jermy amp Walker 1985 L lancetillanum Gomez 1980References Edit a b PPG I 2016 A community derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns Journal of Systematics and Evolution 54 6 563 603 doi 10 1111 jse 12229 S2CID 39980610 Christenhusz Maarten J M amp Chase Mark W 2014 Trends and concepts in fern classification Annals of Botany 113 9 571 594 doi 10 1093 aob mct299 PMC 3936591 PMID 24532607 Lygodium Sw Plants of the World Online Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Retrieved 2019 11 23 Salakot and Other Headgear PDF ICHCAP UNESCO Lygodium PROSEA Pl ntUse Retrieved 3 March 2020 SS AGR 21 AG122 Natural Area Weeds Old World Climbing Fern Lygodium microphyllum Edis ifas ufl edu Retrieved 2014 07 15 Japanese climbing fern Lygodium japonicum Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants Plants ifas ufl edu Retrieved 2014 07 15 Nitta Joel H Schuettpelz Eric Ramirez Barahona Santiago Iwasaki Wataru et al 2022 An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life Frontiers in Plant Science 13 909768 doi 10 3389 fpls 2022 909768 PMC 9449725 PMID 36092417 Tree viewer interactive visualization of FTOL FTOL v1 4 0 GenBank release 253 2023 Retrieved 8 March 2023 Flora of New Zealand General Profile Lygodium articulatum Nzflora info Retrieved 2014 07 15 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lygodium Flora of North America Lygodium Lygodium Sw Australian Plant Name Index APNI IBIS database Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research Australian Government C Michael Hogan 2010 Fern Encyclopedia of Earth eds Saikat Basu and C Cleveland National Council for Science and the Environment Washington DC Flora of China Lygodium species list Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lygodium amp oldid 1144888924, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
