Natural disasters in Indonesia can usefully be divided into major disasters, medium level disasters, and lesser disasters which although causing less damage are very common across Indonesia. These can conveniently be considered as macro, mezzo, and micro events. Policies to respond deal with each of these different types of disasters.
Painting of Eruption of Krakatoa
The official website of the Indonesian National Disaster Mitigation Agency (Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana) provides frequent updates on disasters occurring in Indonesia.
Major natural disasters with widespread loss of lifeedit
The following is a list of main natural disasters that have occurred in Indonesia during recent history which have led to major loss of life (broadly defined here as over 500 deaths in the disaster).
(1) Total death toll unknown. The eruption is believed to have had a worldwide impact. (2) This is the estimated death toll from the direct impact of the eruption. A total of perhaps 70,000 people are estimated to have died from starvation and disease in the area in the months following the eruption. See also 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora. (3) "Some thousands" are reported to have died. (4) Source: MCEER, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York, Major Indonesian Earthquakes of the 20th Century, accessed 29 December 2013. (5) This is the estimated death toll in Indonesia. An estimated 60,000 more people died in other countries surrounding the Indian Ocean, especially in Sri Lanka. (6) The original official death toll was around 2,200. However several thousands more, perhaps 4,000 or more, were buried in a major mudslide during the earthquake. It has therefore been difficult to compile a reliable estimate of the final toll. As of February 2019, it was estimated that over 4,300 died.[2]
Medium level natural disastersedit
In addition to the disasters listed in the table above, there are a large number of natural disasters in Indonesia which cause medium levels of loss of life (here defined, roughly, as between 50 and 500 deaths) or which give rise to large numbers of internally displaced refugees, sometimes for some months or more. Some recent examples of these include the following.
Note. Estimates of the numbers of evacuees can vary considerably in short periods of time. In some cases large numbers of people move away from a threatened area but return to their homes as soon as possible. It is often the case in Indonesia that people are reluctant to move away from their homes, or stay away long, because of worries about loss of property through theft and because of the need to look after local farms and cattle. Figures listed here are generally the peak numbers although sometimes different sources provide different estimates.
Lesser natural disastersedit
There is a large number of smaller natural disasters in Indonesia each year which often lead to deaths of 10 or 20 people or more. For example, landslides (tanah longsor) are very common in upland areas, especially during the rainy season, and cause much local damage and deaths.[6]
Flooding is also a regular problem across many parts of Indonesia. The capital city Jakarta is subject to severe floods from time to time which usually cause some loss of life and significant damage to public and commercial infrastructure. In January 2014, for example, over 20 people lost their lives during widespread flooding and at one stage over 60,000 citizens were temporarily housed in nearly 250 evaluation shelters across the city.[7]
In many rural areas, local flooding is very common and brings loss of life as well as much local inconvenience to economic and community life. Recent examples of these sorts of problems at the regional level include:
A landslide at a resort in Pacet near Mojokerto in East Java in 2002 when over 30 people died.[8]
Flash floods and landslides in Manado in North Sulawesi in January 2014 in which at least 16 people died and 40,000 were evacuated.[11] Around 1,000 homes were flooded; the government allocated Rp 3.3 billion (almost $300,000) for assistance.[12]
A 6.4-magnitude earthquake in late July 2018 killed at least 16 people, and injured around over 350, in Lombok in Eastern Indonesia.[13]
Floods in Greater Jakarta (Jabodetabek) on 1–3 January 2020 killed at least 48 people, and more than 31,000 people were evacuated.[14] Floods occur because of rain that occurred from 31 December 2019 to 1 January 2020.[15]
National outlookedit
2014
According to the National Disaster Mitigation Agency (BNPB, or Badan Nasional Penanggulanan Bencana), as many as 566 people were killed by natural disasters and displaced over 2.6 million in Indonesia in 2014. Almost all of the disasters were classified as hydro-meteorological events. Tornadoes were the most common natural disaster (496 events) followed by floods (458 events) and landslides (413 events). Landslides caused the most deaths estimated at 343 people.[16]
^Karina M. Tehusijarana,'What you need to know about the Lombok earthquake', The Jakarta Post, 6 August 2018, and Kiki Siregar, 'Death toll in Lombok quake hits 131, more than 156,000 displaced.', The Jakarta Post, 8 August 2018. The death toll coninuted to rise as further reports of damage became available: 'Ministry, geological agency provide clean water to Lombok evacuees', The Jakarta Post, 14 August 2018. The official count is regularly updated on the website of the National Disaster Mitigation Agency (in Indonesian).
^Ruslan Sangadji, 'Central Sulawesi recovery to take three years', The Jakarta Post, 2 February 2019.
^"Capter 3 It Only Takes A Spark: The Hazard of Wildfires" (PDF). Brookings.edu. Retrieved 24 July 2018.
^Marguerite Afra Sapiie, Ina Parlina, Hotli Simanjuntak, 'Aceh quake kills at least 94', The Jakarta Post, 8 December 2016.
^Agus Maryono, 'Hundreds of villages in C.Java prone to landslides', The Jakarta Post, 8 December 2014, and Agus Maryono, 'Hundreds buried alive under Banjarnegara landslides, The Jakarta Post, 16 December 2014.
^Indah Setiwati, 'Flood death toll rises to 23 people', The Jakarta Post, 27 January 2014.
^Ainur R. Sophiaan, 'Rescue team ends search for bodies at Pacet hot springs' 2014-07-14 at the Wayback Machine, The Jakarta Post, 18 December 2002.
^Landslides, floods, kill 17 in Manado', The Jakarta Post, 19 February 2013.
^'Landslide site unsuitable for settlement', The Jakarta Post, 27 March 2013.
^'Death Toll Climbs to 16 as Menado Floods Leave Tens of Thousands Displaced', The Jakarta Globe, 16 January 2014.
^'Govt allocates Rp 3.3bn in aid for flood victims', The Jakarta Post, 17 January 2014.
^Panca Nugraha, '10 die in Lombok earthquake, Mt Rinjani closed to hikers', The Jakarta Post, 29 July 2018, and Gemma Holliani Cahya, 'More than 1,000 hikers evacuated from Mt. Rinjani', The Jakarta Post, 31 July 2018.
^"[UPDATED] At least 26 deaths reported as floods, landslides strike Greater Jakarta". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 2020-01-02.
^"New Year's Eve flooding kills 16, displaces thousands in Jakarta". UPI. Retrieved 2020-01-02.
^'566 people killed by natural disasters in 2014: BNPB', The Jakarta Post, 31 December 2014.
External linksedit
Official website of the Indonesian National Disaster Mitigation Agency (Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana). This website provides useful statistics on disasters in Indonesia.
The ReliefWeb Indonesian page provides information on disasters in Indonesia since the mid-1980s.
The website of the Java Reconstruction Fund, which was established after the major earthquake in Yogyakarta in 2006, provides useful references about approaches to disaster relief in Indonesia.
Disaster displacement: Indonesia country briefing, 2023
April 11, 2024
list, natural, disasters, indonesia, natural, disasters, indonesia, usefully, divided, into, major, disasters, medium, level, disasters, lesser, disasters, which, although, causing, less, damage, very, common, across, indonesia, these, conveniently, considered. Natural disasters in Indonesia can usefully be divided into major disasters medium level disasters and lesser disasters which although causing less damage are very common across Indonesia These can conveniently be considered as macro mezzo and micro events Policies to respond deal with each of these different types of disasters Painting of Eruption of KrakatoaThe official website of the Indonesian National Disaster Mitigation Agency Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana provides frequent updates on disasters occurring in Indonesia Contents 1 Major natural disasters with widespread loss of life 2 Medium level natural disasters 3 Lesser natural disasters 4 National outlook 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksMajor natural disasters with widespread loss of life editThe following is a list of main natural disasters that have occurred in Indonesia during recent history which have led to major loss of life broadly defined here as over 500 deaths in the disaster Year Month Event Place Main area Death toll1257 Huge eruption of Rinjani Lombok West Nusa Tenggara Huge eruption 1 1586 Mount Kelud Blitar East Java 10 000 est1815 Apr Huge eruption of Tambora Sumbawa East Nusa Tenggara 11 000 est 2 1815 Nov Earthquake and tsunami Singaraja and Surabaya Bali and East Java gt 11 4001822 Oct Galunggung West Java West Java 4 0101833 Nov Sumatra earthquake and tsunami West Sumatra West Sumatra and Bengkulu numerous1861 Feb Sumatra earthquake North Sumatra Nias area 2 000 est 3 1883 Aug Eruption of Krakatoa Sunda Strait West Java and Lampung 36 4171892 Jun Mount Awu eruption North Sulawesi North Sulawesi 1 530 est1899 Sep Seram earthquake and tsunami Seram Island Maluku province 3 8641917 Jan Bali earthquake Bali Bali and Lombok 1 5001919 May Kelud eruption Blitar East Java gt 5 0001926 June Papua earthquake Papua Papua and Papua New Guinea gt 5 000 4 1930 Nov Merapi eruption Yogyakarta Yogyakarta and Central Java gt 1 3001963 Mar Agung eruption Bali Bali 2 000 est1976 June Papua earthquake Papua Papua 5 0001976 July Bali earthquake Buleleng Bali 5731992 Dec Flores earthquake Flores East Nusa Tenggara 2 5002004 Dec Aceh amp Nias tsunami Aceh and Nias Aceh and North Sumatra 170 000 5 2005 Mar Nias earthquake Nias North Sumatra 1 3002006 May Yogyakarta earthquake Bantul Yogyakarta 5 7822006 July Pangandaran earthquake Pangandaran West Java and Central Java 660 est2009 Sep 2009 West Java earthquake Tasikmalaya West Java and Central Java 79 est2009 Sep Padang earthquake Padang West Sumatra 1 1152018 Aug Lombok earthquake 1 North Lombok Lombok 5642018 Sep Palu earthquake and tsunami Palu Central Sulawesi 4 340 6 1 Total death toll unknown The eruption is believed to have had a worldwide impact 2 This is the estimated death toll from the direct impact of the eruption A total of perhaps 70 000 people are estimated to have died from starvation and disease in the area in the months following the eruption See also 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora 3 Some thousands are reported to have died 4 Source MCEER University of Buffalo The State University of New York Major Indonesian Earthquakes of the 20th Century accessed 29 December 2013 5 This is the estimated death toll in Indonesia An estimated 60 000 more people died in other countries surrounding the Indian Ocean especially in Sri Lanka 6 The original official death toll was around 2 200 However several thousands more perhaps 4 000 or more were buried in a major mudslide during the earthquake It has therefore been difficult to compile a reliable estimate of the final toll As of February 2019 it was estimated that over 4 300 died 2 Medium level natural disasters editIn addition to the disasters listed in the table above there are a large number of natural disasters in Indonesia which cause medium levels of loss of life here defined roughly as between 50 and 500 deaths or which give rise to large numbers of internally displaced refugees sometimes for some months or more Some recent examples of these include the following Year Month Event Place Main area Death toll Evacuees estimates 1965 Jan Sanana earthquake Sanana Island Maluku Islands 71 n a 1966 Apr Kelud eruption Blitar East Java gt 210 n a 1968 Aug Sulawesi earthquake North Luwu Regency Sulawesi gt 200 n a 1979 Feb Dieng Plateau eruption Dieng Plateau Central Java 149 n a 1981 Jan Irian Jaya earthquake Puncak Jaya area Papua province gt 300 n a 1982 Apr Eruption of Mt Galunggung Garut West Java 72 62 0001990 Feb Widespread floods 3 Semarang and regions Central Java 169 approx 20 0001994 Feb Lampung earthquake Lampung Sumatra approx 200 gt 2 000 injuries1997 Sep Indonesian forest fires 4 Kalimantan Sumatra amp Borneo 240 2000 June Enggano earthquake Bengkulu Sumatra gt 100 gt 10 000 houses seriously damaged2006 Jan Sijeruk landslide Banjarnegara Regency Central Java 240 2006 May Sidoarjo mud flow Sidoarjo Regency East Java n a approx 40 0002007 Oct Kelud eruption Blitar East Java n a 30 0002009 Sep West Java earthquake Cianjur and Tasikmalaya West Java approx 80 approx 210 0002010 Nov Merapi eruption South of Mount Merapi Yogyakarta amp Central Java 353 350 0002010 Aug Sinabung eruption Karo Regency North Sumatra 1 30 0002010 Oct Wasior floods Wasior West Papua 145 7 9002010 Oct Mentawai earthquake and tsunami Mentawai Islands West Sumatra 440 20 0002014 Feb Sinabung eruption Karo Regency North Sumatra 16 over 30 0002014 Dec Karangkobar landslide Banjarnegara Regency Central Java 108 2 0382016 Dec Pidie Jaya earthquake 5 Pidie Jaya Regency Aceh approx 100 over 45 000 displaced2018 Dec 2018 Sunda Strait tsunami Sunda Strait Banten and Lampung 437 over 46 0002019 Jan 2019 South Sulawesi floods South Sulawesi Gowa Regency and Makassar 68 2019 Mar 2019 Jayapura flood and landslide Jayapura Papua province 113 11 0002021 Jan 2021 West Sulawesi earthquake Mamuju Regency West Sulawesi 108 20 000 2021 Apr Cyclone Seroja East Flores Regency East Nusa Tenggara 183 8 000 2021 Dec 2021 Semeru eruption Malang Lumajang East Java 57 10 655Note Estimates of the numbers of evacuees can vary considerably in short periods of time In some cases large numbers of people move away from a threatened area but return to their homes as soon as possible It is often the case in Indonesia that people are reluctant to move away from their homes or stay away long because of worries about loss of property through theft and because of the need to look after local farms and cattle Figures listed here are generally the peak numbers although sometimes different sources provide different estimates Lesser natural disasters editThere is a large number of smaller natural disasters in Indonesia each year which often lead to deaths of 10 or 20 people or more For example landslides tanah longsor are very common in upland areas especially during the rainy season and cause much local damage and deaths 6 Flooding is also a regular problem across many parts of Indonesia The capital city Jakarta is subject to severe floods from time to time which usually cause some loss of life and significant damage to public and commercial infrastructure In January 2014 for example over 20 people lost their lives during widespread flooding and at one stage over 60 000 citizens were temporarily housed in nearly 250 evaluation shelters across the city 7 In many rural areas local flooding is very common and brings loss of life as well as much local inconvenience to economic and community life Recent examples of these sorts of problems at the regional level include A landslide at a resort in Pacet near Mojokerto in East Java in 2002 when over 30 people died 8 A landslide in Agam Regency in West Sumatra in January 2013 which left 20 people dead A series of landslides and floods in Manado in North Sulawesi in February 2013 which caused much damage and killed at least 17 people 9 A landslide in West Bandung Regency in West Java in March 2013 in which 17 people were killed 10 Flash floods and landslides in Manado in North Sulawesi in January 2014 in which at least 16 people died and 40 000 were evacuated 11 Around 1 000 homes were flooded the government allocated Rp 3 3 billion almost 300 000 for assistance 12 A 6 4 magnitude earthquake in late July 2018 killed at least 16 people and injured around over 350 in Lombok in Eastern Indonesia 13 Floods in Greater Jakarta Jabodetabek on 1 3 January 2020 killed at least 48 people and more than 31 000 people were evacuated 14 Floods occur because of rain that occurred from 31 December 2019 to 1 January 2020 15 National outlook edit2014According to the National Disaster Mitigation Agency BNPB or Badan Nasional Penanggulanan Bencana as many as 566 people were killed by natural disasters and displaced over 2 6 million in Indonesia in 2014 Almost all of the disasters were classified as hydro meteorological events Tornadoes were the most common natural disaster 496 events followed by floods 458 events and landslides 413 events Landslides caused the most deaths estimated at 343 people 16 See also editLists of disasters in Indonesia List of earthquakes in Indonesia Indonesian tsunami list of List of wildfires in IndonesiaReferences edit Karina M Tehusijarana What you need to know about the Lombok earthquake The Jakarta Post 6 August 2018 and Kiki Siregar Death toll in Lombok quake hits 131 more than 156 000 displaced The Jakarta Post 8 August 2018 The death toll coninuted to rise as further reports of damage became available Ministry geological agency provide clean water to Lombok evacuees The Jakarta Post 14 August 2018 The official count is regularly updated on the website of the National Disaster Mitigation Agency in Indonesian Ruslan Sangadji Central Sulawesi recovery to take three years The Jakarta Post 2 February 2019 UNDRO report for February 1990 Capter 3 It Only Takes A Spark The Hazard of Wildfires PDF Brookings edu Retrieved 24 July 2018 Marguerite Afra Sapiie Ina Parlina Hotli Simanjuntak Aceh quake kills at least 94 The Jakarta Post 8 December 2016 Agus Maryono Hundreds of villages in C Java prone to landslides The Jakarta Post 8 December 2014 and Agus Maryono Hundreds buried alive under Banjarnegara landslides The Jakarta Post 16 December 2014 Indah Setiwati Flood death toll rises to 23 people The Jakarta Post 27 January 2014 Ainur R Sophiaan Rescue team ends search for bodies at Pacet hot springs Archived 2014 07 14 at the Wayback Machine The Jakarta Post 18 December 2002 Landslides floods kill 17 in Manado The Jakarta Post 19 February 2013 Landslide site unsuitable for settlement The Jakarta Post 27 March 2013 Death Toll Climbs to 16 as Menado Floods Leave Tens of Thousands Displaced The Jakarta Globe 16 January 2014 Govt allocates Rp 3 3bn in aid for flood victims The Jakarta Post 17 January 2014 Panca Nugraha 10 die in Lombok earthquake Mt Rinjani closed to hikers The Jakarta Post 29 July 2018 and Gemma Holliani Cahya More than 1 000 hikers evacuated from Mt Rinjani The Jakarta Post 31 July 2018 UPDATED At least 26 deaths reported as floods landslides strike Greater Jakarta The Jakarta Post Retrieved 2020 01 02 New Year s Eve flooding kills 16 displaces thousands in Jakarta UPI Retrieved 2020 01 02 566 people killed by natural disasters in 2014 BNPB The Jakarta Post 31 December 2014 External links editOfficial website of the Indonesian National Disaster Mitigation Agency Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana This website provides useful statistics on disasters in Indonesia The ReliefWeb Indonesian page provides information on disasters in Indonesia since the mid 1980s The website of the Java Reconstruction Fund which was established after the major earthquake in Yogyakarta in 2006 provides useful references about approaches to disaster relief in Indonesia Disaster displacement Indonesia country briefing 2023 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of natural disasters in Indonesia amp oldid 1216277135, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
