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2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake

The 2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake occurred on 28 March off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia. At least 915 people were killed, mostly on the island of Nias. The event caused panic in the region, which had already been devastated by the massive tsunami triggered by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, but this earthquake generated a relatively small tsunami that caused limited damage. It was the third most powerful earthquake since 1965 in Indonesia.

2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake
UTC time2005-03-28 16:09:36
ISC event7486110
USGS-ANSSComCat
Local date28 March 2005 (2005-03-28)
Local time23:09
Magnitude8.6 Mw [1]
Depth30.0 km (18.6 mi) [1]
Epicenter2°05′N 97°09′E / 2.09°N 97.15°E / 2.09; 97.15Coordinates: 2°05′N 97°09′E / 2.09°N 97.15°E / 2.09; 97.15 [1]
Areas affectedIndonesia
Max. intensityVIII (Severe) [2]
Tsunami3.0 m (9.8 ft) at Simeulue
Casualties915–1,314 deaths [3]
340–1,146 injured [3]

The earthquake occurred at 16:09:37 UTC (23:09:37 local time) on 28 March 2005. The hypocenter was located 30 kilometres (19 mi) below the surface of the Indian Ocean, where subduction is forcing the Indo-Australian Plate to the southwest under the Eurasian Plate's Sunda edge. The area is 200 kilometres (120 mi) west of Sibolga, Sumatra, or 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) northwest of Jakarta, approximately halfway between the islands of Nias and Simeulue. Seismic recordings give the earthquake a moment magnitude of about 8.6, and effects were felt as far away as Bangkok, Thailand, over 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) away.[4]

Earthquake and damage

 
Sunda Trench rupture zones for the 1833, 1861, and 2004 events

The earthquake lasted for about two minutes. In the twenty-four hours immediately after the event, there were eight major aftershocks, measuring between 5.5 and 6.0. Despite the proximity of the epicenter to that for the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, it ruptured a separate segment of the Sunda megathrust and was most likely triggered by stress changes associated with that earlier event.[5]

On the Indonesian island of Nias, off the coast of Sumatra, hundreds of buildings were destroyed. The death toll on Nias was at least one thousand, with 220 dying in Gunungsitoli, the island's largest town. Nearly half of Gunungsitoli's population (27,000) fled.

The earthquake was strongly felt across the island of Sumatra and caused widespread power outages in the Indonesian city of Banda Aceh, already devastated by the December 2004 tsunami, and prompted thousands to flee their homes and seek higher ground. It was strongly felt along the west coast of Thailand and Malaysia, and in Kuala Lumpur high-rise buildings were evacuated. The earthquake was felt less strongly in the Maldives, India, and Sri Lanka.

Tsunami

The earthquake caused great concern around the Indian Ocean that it might trigger a tsunami similar to the massive one generated three months earlier by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake on 26 December 2004. Evacuations were carried out in coastal regions of Thailand, Malaysia, and Sri Lanka. This earthquake, however, produced a relatively small tsunami. A 3-metre (9.8 ft) tsunami caused moderate damage to port and airport facilities on Simeulue, and a 2-metre (6.6 ft) tsunami was recorded on the west coast of Nias. Much smaller waves, most detectable only in tide gauge recording systems, were recorded across the Indian Ocean; for example, a 25 centimetres (9.8 in) wave was recorded at Colombo, Sri Lanka.

Tsunami warnings were issued by the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, operated by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and by the government of Thailand. There were initial concerns that a major tsunami could be generated, particularly travelling south from the event's hypocenter.

Portions of Thailand's southern coast were evacuated as a precaution, and NOAA advised an evacuation of 965 kilometres (600 mi) of coastline in Sumatra. Evacuations occurred in the northern Malaysian states of Penang and Kedah, as well as the eastern coast of Sri Lanka, where ten people were killed in the confusion of the evacuation. Many of the southern states of India were put on high alert; all of these areas had seen significant damage from December's tsunami. After the detection of a minor tsunami south of the epicenter, including a 30 cm tsunami on Australia's Cocos Islands, the Indian Ocean island states of Mauritius, Madagascar, and the Seychelles issued warnings to their populations. Although tsunami warning systems for the region had been actively discussed before the December 2004 earthquake, none had yet been implemented in the Indian Ocean.

Humanitarian response

 
Communications check of a satellite phone connection established in the island of Nias for the relief efforts

The United Nations worked with the Indonesian government to take further actions to prevent a possible catastrophe after the strong earthquake. The United States Department of State announced that it will help countries affected by a possible tsunami. The government of India announced aid of US$2 million for victims.[6]

Australia announced it would provide A$1 million in emergency aid and, at the request of the Indonesian Government, dispatched Australian Defence Force medical teams and equipment to Nias. The Australian naval ship HMAS Kanimbla, having only recently left Aceh, was redeployed to the region from Singapore. At about 09:30 (UTC) 2 April 2005, one of Kanimbla's two Sea King helicopters, Shark 02, crashed on the island of Nias while taking medical personnel to a village. Nine personnel were killed, and two others sustained injuries but were rescued from the site by the other helicopter. The crash occurred one day before a state visit by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono to Australia, where he and Prime Minister of Australia John Howard expressed mutual sorrow for their countries' losses. The US Navy responded to this earthquake by deploying the USNS Mercy, a 100-bed hospital ship, off the coast of Nias.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c ISC (2016), ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2012), Version 3.0, International Seismological Centre
  2. ^ USGS. "M 8.6 - northern Sumatra, Indonesia". United States Geological Survey.
  3. ^ a b USGS (September 4, 2009), PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog, Version 2008_06.1, United States Geological Survey
  4. ^ . Archived from the original on 10 April 2005. Retrieved 28 March 2005.
  5. ^ USGS (22 July 2010). . Archived from the original on 2011-05-14. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
  6. ^ . The Times Of India. Archived from the original on March 31, 2005. Retrieved 29 March 2005.

Further reading

  • Boen, T. (2006), "Structural Damage in the March 2005 Nias-Simeulue Earthquake", Earthquake Spectra, 22 (3_suppl): 419–434, doi:10.1193/1.2208147, ISSN 8755-2930, S2CID 110811743
  • Borrero, J. C.; McAdoo, B.; Jaffe, B.; Dengler, L.; Gelfenbaum, G.; Higman, B.; Hidayat, R.; Moore, A.; Kongko, W.; Peters, R.; Prasetya, G.; Titov, V.; Yulianto, E. (2010-11-12), "Field Survey of the March 28, 2005 Nias-Simeulue Earthquake and Tsunami", Pure and Applied Geophysics, 168 (6–7): 1075–1088, doi:10.1007/s00024-010-0218-6, ISSN 0033-4553, S2CID 129831201
  • Walker, K. T.; Ishii, M.; Shearer, P. M. (2005), "Rupture details of the 28 March 2005 Sumatra Mw8.6 earthquake imaged with teleseismic Pwaves", Geophysical Research Letters, 32 (24): L24303, Bibcode:2005GeoRL..3224303W, doi:10.1029/2005GL024395

External links

  • Lethal quake rattles tsunami zone – BBC News
  • – CTV News
  • Great Earthquake and Tsunami of 28 March 2005 in Sumatra, Indonesia – George Pararas-Carayannis
  • The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event.
  • ReliefWeb's main page for this event.

2005, nias, simeulue, earthquake, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, march, 2011, learn, when, remove, this, temp. This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations March 2011 Learn how and when to remove this template message The 2005 Nias Simeulue earthquake occurred on 28 March off the west coast of northern Sumatra Indonesia At least 915 people were killed mostly on the island of Nias The event caused panic in the region which had already been devastated by the massive tsunami triggered by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake but this earthquake generated a relatively small tsunami that caused limited damage It was the third most powerful earthquake since 1965 in Indonesia 2005 Nias Simeulue earthquakeShow map of SumatraShow map of IndonesiaUTC time2005 03 28 16 09 36ISC event7486110USGS ANSSComCatLocal date28 March 2005 2005 03 28 Local time23 09Magnitude8 6 Mw 1 Depth30 0 km 18 6 mi 1 Epicenter2 05 N 97 09 E 2 09 N 97 15 E 2 09 97 15 Coordinates 2 05 N 97 09 E 2 09 N 97 15 E 2 09 97 15 1 Areas affectedIndonesiaMax intensityVIII Severe 2 Tsunami3 0 m 9 8 ft at SimeulueCasualties915 1 314 deaths 3 340 1 146 injured 3 The earthquake occurred at 16 09 37 UTC 23 09 37 local time on 28 March 2005 The hypocenter was located 30 kilometres 19 mi below the surface of the Indian Ocean where subduction is forcing the Indo Australian Plate to the southwest under the Eurasian Plate s Sunda edge The area is 200 kilometres 120 mi west of Sibolga Sumatra or 1 400 kilometres 870 mi northwest of Jakarta approximately halfway between the islands of Nias and Simeulue Seismic recordings give the earthquake a moment magnitude of about 8 6 and effects were felt as far away as Bangkok Thailand over 1 000 kilometres 620 mi away 4 Contents 1 Earthquake and damage 2 Tsunami 3 Humanitarian response 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksEarthquake and damage Edit Sunda Trench rupture zones for the 1833 1861 and 2004 events The earthquake lasted for about two minutes In the twenty four hours immediately after the event there were eight major aftershocks measuring between 5 5 and 6 0 Despite the proximity of the epicenter to that for the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake it ruptured a separate segment of the Sunda megathrust and was most likely triggered by stress changes associated with that earlier event 5 On the Indonesian island of Nias off the coast of Sumatra hundreds of buildings were destroyed The death toll on Nias was at least one thousand with 220 dying in Gunungsitoli the island s largest town Nearly half of Gunungsitoli s population 27 000 fled The earthquake was strongly felt across the island of Sumatra and caused widespread power outages in the Indonesian city of Banda Aceh already devastated by the December 2004 tsunami and prompted thousands to flee their homes and seek higher ground It was strongly felt along the west coast of Thailand and Malaysia and in Kuala Lumpur high rise buildings were evacuated The earthquake was felt less strongly in the Maldives India and Sri Lanka Tsunami EditThe earthquake caused great concern around the Indian Ocean that it might trigger a tsunami similar to the massive one generated three months earlier by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake on 26 December 2004 Evacuations were carried out in coastal regions of Thailand Malaysia and Sri Lanka This earthquake however produced a relatively small tsunami A 3 metre 9 8 ft tsunami caused moderate damage to port and airport facilities on Simeulue and a 2 metre 6 6 ft tsunami was recorded on the west coast of Nias Much smaller waves most detectable only in tide gauge recording systems were recorded across the Indian Ocean for example a 25 centimetres 9 8 in wave was recorded at Colombo Sri Lanka Tsunami warnings were issued by the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center operated by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA and by the government of Thailand There were initial concerns that a major tsunami could be generated particularly travelling south from the event s hypocenter Portions of Thailand s southern coast were evacuated as a precaution and NOAA advised an evacuation of 965 kilometres 600 mi of coastline in Sumatra Evacuations occurred in the northern Malaysian states of Penang and Kedah as well as the eastern coast of Sri Lanka where ten people were killed in the confusion of the evacuation Many of the southern states of India were put on high alert all of these areas had seen significant damage from December s tsunami After the detection of a minor tsunami south of the epicenter including a 30 cm tsunami on Australia s Cocos Islands the Indian Ocean island states of Mauritius Madagascar and the Seychelles issued warnings to their populations Although tsunami warning systems for the region had been actively discussed before the December 2004 earthquake none had yet been implemented in the Indian Ocean Humanitarian response Edit Communications check of a satellite phone connection established in the island of Nias for the relief efforts The United Nations worked with the Indonesian government to take further actions to prevent a possible catastrophe after the strong earthquake The United States Department of State announced that it will help countries affected by a possible tsunami The government of India announced aid of US 2 million for victims 6 Australia announced it would provide A 1 million in emergency aid and at the request of the Indonesian Government dispatched Australian Defence Force medical teams and equipment to Nias The Australian naval ship HMAS Kanimbla having only recently left Aceh was redeployed to the region from Singapore At about 09 30 UTC 2 April 2005 one of Kanimbla s two Sea King helicopters Shark 02 crashed on the island of Nias while taking medical personnel to a village Nine personnel were killed and two others sustained injuries but were rescued from the site by the other helicopter The crash occurred one day before a state visit by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono to Australia where he and Prime Minister of Australia John Howard expressed mutual sorrow for their countries losses The US Navy responded to this earthquake by deploying the USNS Mercy a 100 bed hospital ship off the coast of Nias See also Edit Indonesia portal2006 Yogyakarta earthquake 2009 Sumatra earthquakes 1843 Nias earthquake List of megathrust earthquakes List of earthquakes in 2005 List of earthquakes in IndonesiaReferences Edit a b c ISC 2016 ISC GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue 1900 2012 Version 3 0 International Seismological Centre USGS M 8 6 northern Sumatra Indonesia United States Geological Survey a b USGS September 4 2009 PAGER CAT Earthquake Catalog Version 2008 06 1 United States Geological Survey Southern Thailand evacuated after Indonesian earthquake Archived from the original on 10 April 2005 Retrieved 28 March 2005 USGS 22 July 2010 Poster of the Northern Sumatra Earthquake of 28 March 2005 Magnitude 8 7 Archived from the original on 2011 05 14 Retrieved 26 June 2011 India announces 2 mn relief for Indonesia The Times Of India Archived from the original on March 31 2005 Retrieved 29 March 2005 Further reading EditBoen T 2006 Structural Damage in the March 2005 Nias Simeulue Earthquake Earthquake Spectra 22 3 suppl 419 434 doi 10 1193 1 2208147 ISSN 8755 2930 S2CID 110811743 Borrero J C McAdoo B Jaffe B Dengler L Gelfenbaum G Higman B Hidayat R Moore A Kongko W Peters R Prasetya G Titov V Yulianto E 2010 11 12 Field Survey of the March 28 2005 Nias Simeulue Earthquake and Tsunami Pure and Applied Geophysics 168 6 7 1075 1088 doi 10 1007 s00024 010 0218 6 ISSN 0033 4553 S2CID 129831201 Walker K T Ishii M Shearer P M 2005 Rupture details of the 28 March 2005 Sumatra Mw8 6 earthquake imaged with teleseismic Pwaves Geophysical Research Letters 32 24 L24303 Bibcode 2005GeoRL 3224303W doi 10 1029 2005GL024395External links Edit Wikinews has related news Magnitude 8 7 earthquake hits Northern Sumatra Indonesia Wikinews has related news Panic in Sumatra after new earthquake Lethal quake rattles tsunami zone BBC News Earthquake causes coral reefs to die CTV News Great Earthquake and Tsunami of 28 March 2005 in Sumatra Indonesia George Pararas Carayannis The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and or authoritative data for this event ReliefWeb s main page for this event Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 2005 Nias Simeulue earthquake amp oldid 1123184680, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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