List of sovereign states by research and development spending

This is a list of countries by research and development (R&D) spending in real terms and as per latest data available. Gross domestic spending on R&D is defined as the total expenditure (current and capital) on R&D carried out by all resident companies, research institutes, university and government laboratories, etc., in a country. It includes R&D funded from abroad, but excludes domestic funds for R&D performed outside the domestic economy.^[1]

List

Only those nations which annually spend more than 50 million dollars have been included.

	Country/Region	Expenditures on R&D (billions of US$, real)	% of GDP (real)	Expenditures on R&D per capita (US$ real)	Year	Source
1	United States	660	2.6	1,965	2022	^[2]
2	China	556	3.1	384	2022	^[2]
3	Japan	194	3.4	1,540	2022	^[2]
4	Germany	148	3.3	1,760	2022	^[2]
5	South Korea	105	5	2,050	2022	^[2]
6	France	68.3	2	1,040	2022	^[2]
7	India	65	0.7	40	2018	^[3]
8	United Kingdom	54.2	2.2	810	2022	^[2]
9	Taiwan	46.1	3.8	1,956	2022	^[2]
10	Brazil	43.6	2.3	210	2022	^[2]
11	Russia	37.6	2.2	260	2022	^[4]
12	Italy	36.2	1.3	603	2022	^[2]
13	Canada	28.4	1.3	750	2022	^[2]
14	Australia	26.9	1.6	1,030	2022	^[5]
15	Turkey	26.1	3.1	310	2022	^[2]
16	Spain	24.7	1.5	530	2022	^[2]
17	Netherlands	20.8	2.7	1,190	2022	^[2]
18	Sweden	18.3	3.7	1,780	2022	^[2]
19	Israel	17.6	5.9	1,890	2022	^[2]
20	Poland	17.1	1.5	450	2022	^[2]
21	Belgium	16.8	3.6	1,450	2022	^[2]
22	Austria	15.6	3.3	1,730	2022	^[2]
23	Switzerland	13.9	3.3	1,770	2022	^[6]
24	Thailand	13.4	1.3	200	2022	^[4]
25	Singapore	11.7	2.9	2,300	2022	^[7]
26	Malaysia	11.1	1.5	360	2022	^[8]
27	Indonesia	10.6	0.9	39	2022	^[4]
28	Mexico	10.1	0.8	77	2022	^[6]
29	Denmark	9.1	3.3	1,700	2022	^[4]
30	Finland	8.2	3.3	1,500	2022	^[4]
31	Czech Republic	7.1	2.3	680	2022	^[6]
32	Egypt	6.8	1.4	65	2022	^[8]
33	South Africa	6.6	0.9	120	2022	^[9]
34	Norway	6.1	2.4	1,210	2022	^[4]
35	Argentina	5.8	0.6	130	2022	^[6]^[9]^[10]^[11]
36	United Arab Emirates	4.9	1.7	534	2022	^[4]
37	Ireland	4.1	1.4	882	2022	^[4]
38	Portugal	3.8	1.7	370	2022	^[6]
39	Hungary	3.6	1.7	363	2022	^[6]
40	Ukraine	3.4	1.9	80	2022	^[8]
41	Hong Kong	3.1	1.1	420	2022	^[8]
42	Greece	2.8	1.8	255	2022	^[6]^[12]^[10]
43	Pakistan	2.6	0.7	12	2022	^[8]
44	Romania	2.5	0.6	122	2022	^[9]
45	New Zealand	2.2	1.7	500	2022	^[6]
46	Saudi Arabia	2.1	0.6	70	2022	^[13]^[14]
47	Chile	1.9	0.4	100	2022	^[8]^[9]^[10]
48	Slovenia	1.8	2.2	900	2022	^[6]^[9]^[10]
49	Morocco	1.7	0.8	54	2022	^[6]
50	Slovakia	1.6	1	267	2022	^[8]
51	Qatar	1.5	0.6	800	2022	^[6]
52	Colombia	1.4	0.3	27	2022	^[8]
53	Belarus	1.2	0.6	129	2022	^[8]
54	Kuwait	1.1	0.5	290	2022	^[15]
55	Vietnam	0.9	0.4	10	2022	^[8]
56	Bulgaria	0.9	1	125	2022	^[16]
57	Ecuador	0.9	0.6	57	2022	^[9]^[10]
58	Ethiopia	0.9	0.7	10	2022	^[8]
59	Tunisia	0.8	0.9	78	2022	^[8]
60	Lithuania	0.8	1.4	260	2022	^[16]
61	Luxembourg	0.8	1.3	1,400	2022	^[4]
62	Croatia	0.8	1.5	190	2022	^[16]
63	Serbia	0.7	0.9	101	2022	^[16]
64	Iran	0.7	0.9	10	2022	^[17]
65	Kazakhstan	0.7	0.2	44	2022	^[8]
66	Philippines	0.6	0.4	6	2022	^[8]
67	Peru	0.5	0.3	16	2022	^[12]^[9]^[10]
68	Estonia	0.4	2.4	616	2022	^[18]
69	Azerbaijan	0.4	0.3	50	2022	^[8]
70	Latvia	0.4	1	160	2022	^[16]
71	Uganda	0.3	0.5	7	2022	^[8]
72	Costa Rica	0.3	0.4	68	2022	^[8]
73	Iceland	0.3	2.4	860	2022	^[4]
74	Mongolia	0.3	0.2	82	2022	^[8]
75	Uruguay	0.3	0.8	110	2022	^[8]^[9]^[10]
76	Sudan	0.3	0.3	7	2022	^[12]
77	Algeria	0.3	0.8	6	2022	^[12]
78	Cyprus	0.2	1.3	240	2022	^[16]
79	North Macedonia	0.2	0.7	92	2022	^[8]
80	Bosnia and Herzegovina	0.2	0.5	50	2022	^[8]
81	Malta	0.1	0.6	281	2022	^[16]
82	Bolivia	0.1	0.2	8	2022	^[9]^[10]
83	Botswana	0.1	0.6	41	2022	^[8]
84	Oman	0.1	0.5	28	2022	^[8]
85	Macau	0.1	0.6	129	2022	^[4]
86	Moldova	0.1	0.2	18	2022	^[8]
87	Bahrain	0.1	0.1	53	2022	^[4]
88	Paraguay	0.1	0.1	10	2022	^[9]^[10]
89	Georgia	0.1	0.3	17	2022	^[8]
90	Montenegro	0.1	0.6	80	2022	^[16]

See also

• Business R&D intensity by country
• List of companies by research and development spending
• List of countries by number of scientific and technical journal articles
• List of countries by number of scientists and researchers
• List of U.S. states by research and development spending
• Science of science policy
• Science policy

References

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7. "Terbongkar! Ini Alasan Anggaran R&D RI Hanya 0,28% Dari PDB". CNBC Indonesia.
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10. "Science, technology and innovation". UNESCO.
11. "Inversión en I+D". Argentina.gob.ar. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
12. "UNESCO science report, 2010: the current status of science around the world; 2010" (PDF). Retrieved 2018-07-24.
13. "2012 Global R&D Funding Forecast: R&D Spending Growth Continues While Globalization Accelerates". 16 December 2011.
14. "Data" (PDF). www.natureasia.com.
15. vietnamnet.vn. "How much does Vietnam spend on R&D? – News VietNamNet". english.vietnamnet.vn. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
16. "File:Gross domestic expenditure on R&D, 2003–13 (% of GDP) YB15.png – Statistics Explained". ec.europa.eu.
17. "مصاحبه تفصیلی فارس با قائم‌مقام معاون تحقیقات وزارت بهداشت/۱ رشد علمی کشور پارسال منفی شد/ تحقیقات پزشکی بدون بودجه درجا می‌زند". Farsnews.ir. Retrieved 2018-07-24.
18. "TD052: Research and development expenditures and their financing from state and local budgets". Eesti Statistkaamet. Retrieved 2018-11-13.