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List of Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes

November 23, 2023

A Category 5 Atlantic hurricane is a tropical cyclone that reaches Category 5 intensity on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale, within the Atlantic Ocean to the north of the equator. They are among the strongest tropical cyclones that can form on Earth, having 1-minute sustained wind speeds of at least 137 knots (254 km/h; 158 mph; 70 m/s). The United States National Hurricane Center currently estimates that 11 tropical cyclones between 1851 (the first Atlantic hurricane season to be included in the official Atlantic tropical cyclone record) and 1959 peaked as Category 5 hurricanes. However, because technologies such as satellite monitoring were not available until the 1960s, some such cyclones may have remained undetected. Since 1960, 29 Atlantic hurricanes have reached Category 5.

Hurricane Lee as a Category 5 hurricane on the early morning of September 8, 2023.

Background edit

 
Tracks of all known Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes between 1851 and 2019.

Within the Atlantic Ocean to the north of the Equator, hurricanes are officially monitored by the United States's National Hurricane Center (NHC), however, other meteorological services, such as Météo-France, the United Kingdom's Met Office and Environment Canada also monitor the basin. Within the region, a Category 5 hurricane is a tropical cyclone which reaches Category 5 status on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale, that is, a tropical cyclone that has 1-minute mean maximum sustained wind speeds of 137 knots (254 km/h; 158 mph; 70 m/s) or greater at 10 metres (32.8 ft) above ground.[1]

A total of 40 tropical cyclones have been estimated to have peaked as Category 5 hurricanes on the SSHWS, with the first occurrence recorded in 1924. No Category 5 hurricanes were observed officially before 1924. It can be presumed that earlier storms reached Category 5 strength over open waters, but the strongest winds were not measured. Although anemometer, a device used for measuring wind speed, was invented in 1846, during major hurricane strikes the instruments were often blown away or damaged, leaving the hurricane's peak intensity unrecorded. For example, as the Great Beaufort Hurricane of 1879 struck North Carolina, the anemometer cups were blown away when indicating 138 mph (222 km/h).[2]

As of May 2018, a reanalysis of weather data was ongoing by researchers who may upgrade or downgrade Atlantic hurricanes.[3] For example, the 1825 Santa Ana hurricane is suspected to have reached Category 5 strength.[4] Furthermore, paleotempestological research aims to identify past major hurricanes by comparing sedimentary evidence of recent and past hurricane strikes. For example, a "giant hurricane" significantly more powerful than Hurricane Hattie (Category 5) has been identified in Belizean sediment, having struck the region sometime before 1500.[5]

Records edit

 
An October Category 5 that hit Cuba, Florida, and The Bahamas in 1924. It was the first hurricane to be officially recognized as a Category 5 on the modern-day Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale.

Officially, the decade with the most Category 5 hurricanes is 2000–2009, with eight Category 5 hurricanes having occurred: Isabel (2003), Ivan (2004), Emily (2005), Katrina (2005), Rita (2005), Wilma (2005), Dean (2007), and Felix (2007). The previous decades with the most Category 5 hurricanes were the 1930s and 1960s, with six occurring between 1930 and 1939.[6] The most Category 5 hurricanes recorded in a single season is four, in 2005. The most consecutive years to feature at least one Category 5 hurricane each is four, from 2016 to 2019.[7]

 
A collage of all Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes since 1980

Nine Atlantic hurricanes—Camille, Allen, Andrew, Isabel, Ivan, Dean, Felix, Irma and Maria—reached Category 5 intensity on more than one occasion; that is, by reaching Category 5 intensity, weakening to a Category 4 status or lower, and then becoming a Category 5 hurricane again. Such hurricanes have their dates shown together. Camille, Andrew, Dean, Felix, Irma, and Maria each attained Category 5 status twice during their lifespans. Allen, Isabel, and Ivan reached Category 5 intensity on three separate occasions. The 1932 Cuba hurricane holds the record for the most time spent as a Category 5 hurricane (although it took place before satellite or aircraft reconnaissance, so this record may be somewhat suspect). Irma holds the record for the longest continuous span as a Category 5 storm in the satellite era.[6][8]

Of the 40 Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes on record, 1 has been recorded in July, 8 in August, 22 in September, 6 in October, and 1 in November. There have been no officially recorded June or off-season Category 5 hurricanes.[6]

The July and August Category 5 hurricanes reached their high intensities in both the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean. These are the areas most favorable for tropical cyclone development in those months.[6][9]

September sees the most Category 5 hurricanes, with over half of the total. This coincides with the climatological peak of the Atlantic hurricane season, which occurs in early September.[10] September Category 5s reached their strengths in any of the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean, and open Atlantic. These places are where September tropical cyclones are likely to form.[9] Many of these hurricanes are either Cape Verde hurricanes, which develop their strength due to a long track over warm waters,[11] or else intensify over the warm Loop Current in the Gulf of Mexico.

All but one of the Category 5 hurricanes in October and November (the exception being Michael) reached their intensities in the western Caribbean, a region that Atlantic hurricanes strongly gravitate toward late in the season.[9] This is due to the climatology of the area, which sometimes has a high-altitude anticyclone that promotes rapid intensification late in the season, as well as warm waters.

Systems edit

Name Dates at
Category 5
intensity 		Duration at
Category 5
intensity 		Peak intensity Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Wind speed Pressure
"Cuba" October 19, 1924 12 hours 165 mph (270 km/h) 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) Central America, Mexico, Cuba
Florida, The Bahamas		 90 [12][13]
"San Felipe II
Okeechobee"		 September 13–14, 1928 12 hours 160 mph (260 km/h) 929 hPa (27.43 inHg) Lesser Antilles, The Bahamas
United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada		 $100 million 4,000 [14]
"Bahamas" September 5–6, 1932 1 day 160 mph (260 km/h) 921 hPa (27.20 inHg) The Bahamas, Northeastern United States 16 [15]
"Camagüey" November 5–8, 1932 3 days 6 hours 175 mph (280 km/h) 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) Lesser Antilles, Jamaica, Cayman Islands
Cuba, The Bahamas, Bermuda		 $40 million 3,103 [16]
"Cuba–Brownsville" August 30, 1933 12 hours 160 mph (260 km/h) 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) The Bahamas, Cuba, Florida
Texas, Tamaulipas		 $27.9 million 179 [17]
"Tampico" September 21, 1933 12 hours 160 mph (260 km/h) 929 hPa (27.43 inHg) Jamaica, Yucatán Peninsula $5 million 184 [18]
"Labor Day" September 3, 1935 18 hours 185 mph (295 km/h) 892 hPa (26.34 inHg) The Bahamas, Florida, Georgia
The Carolinas, Virginia		 408 [19]
"New England" September 19–20, 1938 18 hours 160 mph (260 km/h) 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) Eastern United States, Southwestern Quebec $306 million 682 [20]
"Great Atlantic" September 13, 1944 18 hours 160 mph (260 km/h) 918 hPa (27.11 inHg) Eastern United States, Atlantic Canada $100 million 300 [21]
Carol September 3, 1953 12 hours 160 mph (260 km/h) 929 hPa (27.43 inHg) Bermuda, New England, Atlantic Canada $2 million 5 [22]
Janet September 27–28, 1955 18 hours 175 mph (280 km/h) 914 hPa (26.99 inHg) Lesser Antilles, Central America $65.8 million 1,023 [23]
Esther September 17, 1961 18 hours 160 mph (260 km/h) 919 hPa (27.14 inHg) East Coast of the United States $6 million 7 [24]
Hattie October 31, 1961 6 hours 165 mph (270 km/h) 914 hPa (26.99 inHg) Central America $60.3 million 319 [25][26]
Inez September 28–29, 1966 1 day 165 mph (270 km/h) 927 hPa (27.37 inHg) Greater Antilles, Florida, Mexico $229 million 756 [27]
Beulah September 20, 1967 18 hours 160 mph (260 km/h) 921 hPa (27.20 inHg) The Caribbean, Mexico, Texas $208 million 59 [28]
Camille August 16–18, 1969[a] 1 day 6 hours 175 mph (280 km/h) 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) Cuba, United States Gulf Coast $1.42 billion 259 [29]
Edith September 9, 1971 6 hours 160 mph (260 km/h) 943 hPa (27.85 inHg) The Caribbean, Central America
Mexico, United States Gulf Coast		 $25.4 million 37 [30]
Anita September 2, 1977 12 hours 175 mph (280 km/h) 926 hPa (27.34 inHg) Mexico Unknown 11 [31]
David August 30–31, 1979 1 day 18 hours 175 mph (280 km/h) 924 hPa (27.29 inHg) The Caribbean, United States East coast $1.54 billion 2,068 [32][33]
Allen August 5–9, 1980[a] 3 days 190 mph (305 km/h) 899 hPa (26.55 inHg) The Caribbean, Yucatán Peninsula
Mexico, South Texas		 $1.57 billion 269 [32][34][35]
Gilbert September 13–14, 1988 1 day 185 mph (295 km/h) 888 hPa (26.22 inHg) Jamaica, Venezuela, Central America
Hispaniola, Mexico		 $2.98 billion 318 [36][37]
Hugo September 15, 1989 6 hours 160 mph (260 km/h) 918 hPa (27.11 inHg) The Caribbean, United States East Coast $10 billion 107 [29][38][39]
Andrew August 23–24, 1992[a] 16 hours 175 mph (280 km/h) 922 hPa (27.23 inHg) The Bahamas, Florida, United States Gulf Coast $26.5 billion 65 [29][40]
Mitch October 26–28, 1998 1 day 18 hours 180 mph (285 km/h) 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) Central America, Yucatán Peninsula, South Florida $6.08 billion 11,374 [41][42][43][44]
Isabel September 11–14, 2003[a] 1 day 18 hours 165 mph (270 km/h) 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) Greater Antilles, Bahamas
Eastern United States, Ontario		 $5.37 billion 51 [29][45]
Ivan September 9–14, 2004[a] 2 days 12 hours 165 mph (270 km/h) 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) The Caribbean, Venezuela, United States Gulf Coast $23.3 billion 124 [29][46]
Emily July 16, 2005 6 hours 160 mph (260 km/h) 929 hPa (27.43 inHg) Windward Islands, Jamaica, Mexico, Texas $1.01 billion 17 [47]
Katrina August 28–29, 2005 18 hours 175 mph (280 km/h) 902 hPa (26.64 inHg) Bahamas, United States Gulf Coast $125 billion 1,836 [48]
Rita September 21–22, 2005 1 day 180 mph (285 km/h) 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) Cuba, United States Gulf Coast $12 billion 125 [49]
Wilma October 19, 2005 18 hours 185 mph (295 km/h) 882 hPa (26.05 inHg) Greater Antilles, Central America, Florida $29.4 billion 87 [50][51][52][53]
Dean August 18–21, 2007[a] 1 day 175 mph (280 km/h) 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) The Caribbean, Central America $1.76 billion 45 [32][54][55]
Felix September 3–4, 2007[a] 1 day 175 mph (280 km/h) 929 hPa (27.43 inHg) Nicaragua, Honduras $720 million 133 [56][55][57][58]
Matthew October 1, 2016 12 hours 165 mph (270 km/h) 934 hPa (27.58 inHg) Antilles, Venezuela, Colombia
United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada		 $15.1 billion 603 [59]
Irma September 5–9, 2017[a] 3 days 180 mph (285 km/h) 914 hPa (26.99 inHg) Cape Verde, The Caribbean, Virgin Islands
Cuba, Florida		 $64.8 billion 138 [60]
Maria September 18–20, 2017[a] 1 day 4 hours
15 minutes		 175 mph (280 km/h) 908 hPa (26.81 inHg) Lesser Antilles, Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico
Dominican Republic, Turks and Caicos Islands		 $91.4 billion 3,018 [61]
Michael October 10, 2018 30 minutes 160 mph (260 km/h) 919 hPa (27.14 inHg) Central America, United States Gulf Coast $25.1 billion 74 [62]
Dorian September 1–2, 2019 1 day 6 hours 185 mph (295 km/h) 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) The Caribbean, The Bahamas
United States East Coast, Atlantic Canada, Greenland		 $5 billion 84 [63]
Lorenzo September 29, 2019 3 hours 160 mph (260 km/h) 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) Cabo Verde, Azores, Western Europe $367 million 20 [64]
Ian September 28, 2022 6 hours 160 mph (260 km/h) 937 hPa (27.67 inHg) Caribbean, Cuba, Florida, The Carolinas $113 billion 160 [65]
Lee September 8, 2023 12 hours 165 mph (270 km/h) 926 hPa (27.34 inHg) Bermuda, New England, Atlantic Canada $50 million 3 [66]

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Discontinuous duration (weakened below Category 5 then restrengthened to that classification)

Other systems edit

The 1947 Fort Lauderdale hurricane and Hurricanes Dog (1950), Easy (1951), Cleo (1958), Donna (1960), Ethel (1960) and Carla (1961) were all originally estimated to have Category 5 sustained wind speeds. However, later systematic studies by the Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project found that the wind speeds associated with these systems were overestimated and downgraded them to either Category 4 or 3. Most recently, Hurricane Iota (2020) was operationally considered to be a category 5 hurricane, with estimated 1-minute sustained wind speeds of 160 mph (260 km/h).[67] However, during their routine post-analysis best track process after the season, the NHC downgraded Iota to a Category 4 hurricane as a result of post season reanalysis, which suggested that there was a high bias in windspeeds derived from the Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer instrument.[67]

Number by month edit

Number of recorded Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes by month[6]
Month Number of hurricanes
July
1
August
7
September
25
October
6
November
1

Landfalls edit

 
Hurricane Michael as it was making landfall as a Category 5 hurricane in 2018

Nearly all Atlantic Category 5 hurricanes have made landfall at some location while a tropical or subtropical cyclone. This is primarily because of their proximity to land in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, where the usual synoptic weather patterns carry them towards land, as opposed to the westward, oceanic mean track of Eastern Pacific hurricanes.[68] Nineteen of the storms made landfall at least once while at Category 5 intensity;[6] 2007 and 2017 are the only years in which two storms made landfall at this intensity.[6] All but five landfalling systems (the 1944 Great Atlantic hurricane, Carol, Esther, Mitch and Isabel) did so at major hurricane strength.

Many of these systems made landfall shortly after weakening from a Category 5 hurricane. This weakening can be caused by dry air near land, shallower waters due to shelving, interaction with land, eyewall replacement cycles, increased vertical wind shear, or cooler waters near shore.[48][citation needed] The only Atlantic Category 5 hurricanes that did not make landfall while a tropical or subtropical cyclone were Hurricane Lee, which still made landfall as an extratropical cyclone in Nova Scotia, and Hurricane Lorenzo, which still brought hurricane-force winds to the Azores. These two storms are therefore not included in the table below.

The following table lists these hurricanes by landfall intensity.

Name Year
Category 5
Category 4
Category 3
Category 2
Category 1
Tropical or subtropical storm
Tropical or subtropical depression
 Refs
"Cuba" 1924 Cuba Florida The Bahamas [6][69]
"Okeechobee" 1928 Puerto Rico Guadeloupe,
Lucayan Archipelago
Florida		 South Carolina
"Bahamas" 1932 The Bahamas
"Cuba" 1932 Little Cayman & Cuba The Bahamas Martinique
"Cuba–Brownsville" 1933 The Bahamas Cuba & Texas
"Tampico" 1933 Yucatán Peninsula Mainland Mexico
"Labor Day" 1935 Florida Keys Northwest Florida The Bahamas
"New England" 1938 New York & Connecticut
"Great Atlantic" 1944 New York & Rhode Island
Carol 1953 New Brunswick
Janet 1955 Yucatán Peninsula Mexico
Esther 1961 Canada
Hattie 1961 Belize Mexico
Inez 1966 Dominican Republic Cuba, Haiti, Mexico Cuba
Beulah 1967 Texas Yucatán Peninsula
Camille 1969 Mississippi Cuba
Edith 1971 Nicaragua Louisiana Belize & Mexico
Anita 1977 Mexico
David 1979 Dominican Republic Dominica Florida Cuba, The Bahamas, & Georgia
Allen 1980 Texas & Barbados
Gilbert 1988 Quintana Roo Jamaica & Tamaulipas [36]
Hugo 1989 Guadeloupe, Saint Croix, & South Carolina Puerto Rico [38]
Andrew 1992 Eleuthera & Florida Berry Islands Louisiana [40]
Mitch 1998 Honduras Campeche & Florida [41]
Isabel 2003 North Carolina [45]
Ivan 2004 Alabama, Grenada Louisiana [46]
Emily 2005 Quintana Roo Tamaulipas Grenada [47]
Katrina 2005 Louisiana & Mississippi Florida [48]
Rita 2005 Louisiana [49]
Wilma 2005 Cozumel & Quintana Roo Florida [50]
Dean 2007 Quintana Roo Veracruz [54]
Felix 2007 Nicaragua Grenada [56]
Matthew 2016 Haiti, Cuba & Grand Bahama South Carolina [59]
Irma 2017 Barbuda, Saint Martin, British Virgin Islands & Cuba Little Inagua & Florida Keys Southwest Florida [60]
Maria 2017 Dominica Puerto Rico [70]
Michael 2018 Florida
Dorian 2019 Abaco Islands & Grand Bahama (2×) North Carolina St. Thomas Saint Lucia & Barbados
Ian 2022 Florida (2x) Cuba South Carolina

See also edit

References edit

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  58. ^ Comisión Permanente de Contingencias, Government of Honduras (September 7, 2007). "Honduras: Informe preliminar de daños por Huracán Félix y últimas lluvias — Copeco — Boletín #53 – 07 de Septiembre 2007" (in Spanish). Reliefweb. Archived from the original on February 17, 2008. Retrieved December 10, 2012.
  59. ^ a b Stewart, Stacy R (April 7, 2017). Hurricane Matthew: September 28 – October 9, 2016 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
  60. ^ a b Cangialosi, Jong P, Layton, Andrew S and Berg, Robbie (March 9, 2018). Hurricane Irma: August 30 – September 12, 2017 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved March 13, 2018.{{cite report}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  61. ^ Pasch, Richard J; Penny, Andrew B; Berg, Robbie (January 4, 2023). Hurricane Maria: September 16 – 30, 2017 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 5, 2022.
  62. ^ Beven II, John L; Berg, Robert J; Hagen, Andrew B (May 17, 2019). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Michael (AL142018) (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  63. ^ Avila, Lixion A; Stewart, Stacy R; Berg, Robert J; Hagen, Andrew B (December 16, 2019). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Dorian (AL052019) (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  64. ^ Zelinsky, David A (December 16, 2019). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Lorenzo (AL132019) (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  65. ^ Bucci, Lisa; Alaka, Laura; Hagen, Andrew; Delgado, Sandy; Beven, Jack (April 3, 2023). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Ian (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 20, 2023.
  66. ^ Q3 Global Catastrophe Recap October 2023 (PDF) (Report). Aon. p. 16. Retrieved October 30, 2023.
  67. ^ a b Stewart, Stacy (May 18, 2021). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Iota (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved April 9, 2023.
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  69. ^ Mitchell, Charles L (October 1924). "Notes on the West Indian Hurricane of October 14–23, 1924" (PDF). U.S. Weather Bureau. (PDF) from the original on March 19, 2009. Retrieved March 21, 2009.
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External links edit

  • NHC web site

November 23, 2023
list, category, atlantic, hurricanes, category, atlantic, hurricane, tropical, cyclone, that, reaches, category, intensity, saffir, simpson, hurricane, wind, scale, within, atlantic, ocean, north, equator, they, among, strongest, tropical, cyclones, that, form. A Category 5 Atlantic hurricane is a tropical cyclone that reaches Category 5 intensity on the Saffir Simpson hurricane wind scale within the Atlantic Ocean to the north of the equator They are among the strongest tropical cyclones that can form on Earth having 1 minute sustained wind speeds of at least 137 knots 254 km h 158 mph 70 m s The United States National Hurricane Center currently estimates that 11 tropical cyclones between 1851 the first Atlantic hurricane season to be included in the official Atlantic tropical cyclone record and 1959 peaked as Category 5 hurricanes However because technologies such as satellite monitoring were not available until the 1960s some such cyclones may have remained undetected Since 1960 29 Atlantic hurricanes have reached Category 5 Hurricane Lee as a Category 5 hurricane on the early morning of September 8 2023 Contents 1 Background 2 Records 3 Systems 3 1 Notes 3 2 Other systems 4 Number by month 5 Landfalls 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksBackground edit nbsp Tracks of all known Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes between 1851 and 2019 Within the Atlantic Ocean to the north of the Equator hurricanes are officially monitored by the United States s National Hurricane Center NHC however other meteorological services such as Meteo France the United Kingdom s Met Office and Environment Canada also monitor the basin Within the region a Category 5 hurricane is a tropical cyclone which reaches Category 5 status on the Saffir Simpson hurricane wind scale that is a tropical cyclone that has 1 minute mean maximum sustained wind speeds of 137 knots 254 km h 158 mph 70 m s or greater at 10 metres 32 8 ft above ground 1 A total of 40 tropical cyclones have been estimated to have peaked as Category 5 hurricanes on the SSHWS with the first occurrence recorded in 1924 No Category 5 hurricanes were observed officially before 1924 It can be presumed that earlier storms reached Category 5 strength over open waters but the strongest winds were not measured Although anemometer a device used for measuring wind speed was invented in 1846 during major hurricane strikes the instruments were often blown away or damaged leaving the hurricane s peak intensity unrecorded For example as the Great Beaufort Hurricane of 1879 struck North Carolina the anemometer cups were blown away when indicating 138 mph 222 km h 2 As of May 2018 update a reanalysis of weather data was ongoing by researchers who may upgrade or downgrade Atlantic hurricanes 3 For example the 1825 Santa Ana hurricane is suspected to have reached Category 5 strength 4 Furthermore paleotempestological research aims to identify past major hurricanes by comparing sedimentary evidence of recent and past hurricane strikes For example a giant hurricane significantly more powerful than Hurricane Hattie Category 5 has been identified in Belizean sediment having struck the region sometime before 1500 5 Records edit nbsp An October Category 5 that hit Cuba Florida and The Bahamas in 1924 It was the first hurricane to be officially recognized as a Category 5 on the modern day Saffir Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale Officially the decade with the most Category 5 hurricanes is 2000 2009 with eight Category 5 hurricanes having occurred Isabel 2003 Ivan 2004 Emily 2005 Katrina 2005 Rita 2005 Wilma 2005 Dean 2007 and Felix 2007 The previous decades with the most Category 5 hurricanes were the 1930s and 1960s with six occurring between 1930 and 1939 6 The most Category 5 hurricanes recorded in a single season is four in 2005 The most consecutive years to feature at least one Category 5 hurricane each is four from 2016 to 2019 7 nbsp A collage of all Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes since 1980Nine Atlantic hurricanes Camille Allen Andrew Isabel Ivan Dean Felix Irma and Maria reached Category 5 intensity on more than one occasion that is by reaching Category 5 intensity weakening to a Category 4 status or lower and then becoming a Category 5 hurricane again Such hurricanes have their dates shown together Camille Andrew Dean Felix Irma and Maria each attained Category 5 status twice during their lifespans Allen Isabel and Ivan reached Category 5 intensity on three separate occasions The 1932 Cuba hurricane holds the record for the most time spent as a Category 5 hurricane although it took place before satellite or aircraft reconnaissance so this record may be somewhat suspect Irma holds the record for the longest continuous span as a Category 5 storm in the satellite era 6 8 Of the 40 Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes on record 1 has been recorded in July 8 in August 22 in September 6 in October and 1 in November There have been no officially recorded June or off season Category 5 hurricanes 6 The July and August Category 5 hurricanes reached their high intensities in both the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean These are the areas most favorable for tropical cyclone development in those months 6 9 September sees the most Category 5 hurricanes with over half of the total This coincides with the climatological peak of the Atlantic hurricane season which occurs in early September 10 September Category 5s reached their strengths in any of the Gulf of Mexico Caribbean and open Atlantic These places are where September tropical cyclones are likely to form 9 Many of these hurricanes are either Cape Verde hurricanes which develop their strength due to a long track over warm waters 11 or else intensify over the warm Loop Current in the Gulf of Mexico All but one of the Category 5 hurricanes in October and November the exception being Michael reached their intensities in the western Caribbean a region that Atlantic hurricanes strongly gravitate toward late in the season 9 This is due to the climatology of the area which sometimes has a high altitude anticyclone that promotes rapid intensification late in the season as well as warm waters Systems editName Dates atCategory 5intensity Duration atCategory 5intensity Peak intensity Areas affected Damage USD Deaths RefsWind speed Pressure Cuba October 19 1924 12 hours 165 mph 270 km h 910 hPa 26 87 inHg Central America Mexico CubaFlorida The Bahamas 90 12 13 San Felipe IIOkeechobee September 13 14 1928 12 hours 160 mph 260 km h 929 hPa 27 43 inHg Lesser Antilles The BahamasUnited States East Coast Atlantic Canada 100 million 4 000 14 Bahamas September 5 6 1932 1 day 160 mph 260 km h 921 hPa 27 20 inHg The Bahamas Northeastern United States 16 15 Camaguey November 5 8 1932 3 days 6 hours 175 mph 280 km h 915 hPa 27 02 inHg Lesser Antilles Jamaica Cayman IslandsCuba The Bahamas Bermuda 40 million 3 103 16 Cuba Brownsville August 30 1933 12 hours 160 mph 260 km h 930 hPa 27 46 inHg The Bahamas Cuba FloridaTexas Tamaulipas 27 9 million 179 17 Tampico September 21 1933 12 hours 160 mph 260 km h 929 hPa 27 43 inHg Jamaica Yucatan Peninsula 5 million 184 18 Labor Day September 3 1935 18 hours 185 mph 295 km h 892 hPa 26 34 inHg The Bahamas Florida GeorgiaThe Carolinas Virginia 408 19 New England September 19 20 1938 18 hours 160 mph 260 km h 940 hPa 27 76 inHg Eastern United States Southwestern Quebec 306 million 682 20 Great Atlantic September 13 1944 18 hours 160 mph 260 km h 918 hPa 27 11 inHg Eastern United States Atlantic Canada 100 million 300 21 Carol September 3 1953 12 hours 160 mph 260 km h 929 hPa 27 43 inHg Bermuda New England Atlantic Canada 2 million 5 22 Janet September 27 28 1955 18 hours 175 mph 280 km h 914 hPa 26 99 inHg Lesser Antilles Central America 65 8 million 1 023 23 Esther September 17 1961 18 hours 160 mph 260 km h 919 hPa 27 14 inHg East Coast of the United States 6 million 7 24 Hattie October 31 1961 6 hours 165 mph 270 km h 914 hPa 26 99 inHg Central America 60 3 million 319 25 26 Inez September 28 29 1966 1 day 165 mph 270 km h 927 hPa 27 37 inHg Greater Antilles Florida Mexico 229 million 756 27 Beulah September 20 1967 18 hours 160 mph 260 km h 921 hPa 27 20 inHg The Caribbean Mexico Texas 208 million 59 28 Camille August 16 18 1969 a 1 day 6 hours 175 mph 280 km h 900 hPa 26 58 inHg Cuba United States Gulf Coast 1 42 billion 259 29 Edith September 9 1971 6 hours 160 mph 260 km h 943 hPa 27 85 inHg The Caribbean Central AmericaMexico United States Gulf Coast 25 4 million 37 30 Anita September 2 1977 12 hours 175 mph 280 km h 926 hPa 27 34 inHg Mexico Unknown 11 31 David August 30 31 1979 1 day 18 hours 175 mph 280 km h 924 hPa 27 29 inHg The Caribbean United States East coast 1 54 billion 2 068 32 33 Allen August 5 9 1980 a 3 days 190 mph 305 km h 899 hPa 26 55 inHg The Caribbean Yucatan PeninsulaMexico South Texas 1 57 billion 269 32 34 35 Gilbert September 13 14 1988 1 day 185 mph 295 km h 888 hPa 26 22 inHg Jamaica Venezuela Central AmericaHispaniola Mexico 2 98 billion 318 36 37 Hugo September 15 1989 6 hours 160 mph 260 km h 918 hPa 27 11 inHg The Caribbean United States East Coast 10 billion 107 29 38 39 Andrew August 23 24 1992 a 16 hours 175 mph 280 km h 922 hPa 27 23 inHg The Bahamas Florida United States Gulf Coast 26 5 billion 65 29 40 Mitch October 26 28 1998 1 day 18 hours 180 mph 285 km h 905 hPa 26 72 inHg Central America Yucatan Peninsula South Florida 6 08 billion 11 374 41 42 43 44 Isabel September 11 14 2003 a 1 day 18 hours 165 mph 270 km h 915 hPa 27 02 inHg Greater Antilles BahamasEastern United States Ontario 5 37 billion 51 29 45 Ivan September 9 14 2004 a 2 days 12 hours 165 mph 270 km h 910 hPa 26 87 inHg The Caribbean Venezuela United States Gulf Coast 23 3 billion 124 29 46 Emily July 16 2005 6 hours 160 mph 260 km h 929 hPa 27 43 inHg Windward Islands Jamaica Mexico Texas 1 01 billion 17 47 Katrina August 28 29 2005 18 hours 175 mph 280 km h 902 hPa 26 64 inHg Bahamas United States Gulf Coast 125 billion 1 836 48 Rita September 21 22 2005 1 day 180 mph 285 km h 895 hPa 26 43 inHg Cuba United States Gulf Coast 12 billion 125 49 Wilma October 19 2005 18 hours 185 mph 295 km h 882 hPa 26 05 inHg Greater Antilles Central America Florida 29 4 billion 87 50 51 52 53 Dean August 18 21 2007 a 1 day 175 mph 280 km h 905 hPa 26 72 inHg The Caribbean Central America 1 76 billion 45 32 54 55 Felix September 3 4 2007 a 1 day 175 mph 280 km h 929 hPa 27 43 inHg Nicaragua Honduras 720 million 133 56 55 57 58 Matthew October 1 2016 12 hours 165 mph 270 km h 934 hPa 27 58 inHg Antilles Venezuela ColombiaUnited States East Coast Atlantic Canada 15 1 billion 603 59 Irma September 5 9 2017 a 3 days 180 mph 285 km h 914 hPa 26 99 inHg Cape Verde The Caribbean Virgin IslandsCuba Florida 64 8 billion 138 60 Maria September 18 20 2017 a 1 day 4 hours15 minutes 175 mph 280 km h 908 hPa 26 81 inHg Lesser Antilles Virgin Islands Puerto RicoDominican Republic Turks and Caicos Islands 91 4 billion 3 018 61 Michael October 10 2018 30 minutes 160 mph 260 km h 919 hPa 27 14 inHg Central America United States Gulf Coast 25 1 billion 74 62 Dorian September 1 2 2019 1 day 6 hours 185 mph 295 km h 910 hPa 26 87 inHg The Caribbean The BahamasUnited States East Coast Atlantic Canada Greenland 5 billion 84 63 Lorenzo September 29 2019 3 hours 160 mph 260 km h 925 hPa 27 32 inHg Cabo Verde Azores Western Europe 367 million 20 64 Ian September 28 2022 6 hours 160 mph 260 km h 937 hPa 27 67 inHg Caribbean Cuba Florida The Carolinas 113 billion 160 65 Lee September 8 2023 12 hours 165 mph 270 km h 926 hPa 27 34 inHg Bermuda New England Atlantic Canada 50 million 3 66 Notes edit a b c d e f g h i Discontinuous duration weakened below Category 5 then restrengthened to that classification Other systems edit The 1947 Fort Lauderdale hurricane and Hurricanes Dog 1950 Easy 1951 Cleo 1958 Donna 1960 Ethel 1960 and Carla 1961 were all originally estimated to have Category 5 sustained wind speeds However later systematic studies by the Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project found that the wind speeds associated with these systems were overestimated and downgraded them to either Category 4 or 3 Most recently Hurricane Iota 2020 was operationally considered to be a category 5 hurricane with estimated 1 minute sustained wind speeds of 160 mph 260 km h 67 However during their routine post analysis best track process after the season the NHC downgraded Iota to a Category 4 hurricane as a result of post season reanalysis which suggested that there was a high bias in windspeeds derived from the Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer instrument 67 Number by month editNumber of recorded Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes by month 6 Month Number of hurricanesJuly 1August 7September 25October 6November 1Landfalls edit nbsp Hurricane Michael as it was making landfall as a Category 5 hurricane in 2018Nearly all Atlantic Category 5 hurricanes have made landfall at some location while a tropical or subtropical cyclone This is primarily because of their proximity to land in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico where the usual synoptic weather patterns carry them towards land as opposed to the westward oceanic mean track of Eastern Pacific hurricanes 68 Nineteen of the storms made landfall at least once while at Category 5 intensity 6 2007 and 2017 are the only years in which two storms made landfall at this intensity 6 All but five landfalling systems the 1944 Great Atlantic hurricane Carol Esther Mitch and Isabel did so at major hurricane strength Many of these systems made landfall shortly after weakening from a Category 5 hurricane This weakening can be caused by dry air near land shallower waters due to shelving interaction with land eyewall replacement cycles increased vertical wind shear or cooler waters near shore 48 citation needed The only Atlantic Category 5 hurricanes that did not make landfall while a tropical or subtropical cyclone were Hurricane Lee which still made landfall as an extratropical cyclone in Nova Scotia and Hurricane Lorenzo which still brought hurricane force winds to the Azores These two storms are therefore not included in the table below The following table lists these hurricanes by landfall intensity Name Year Category 5 Category 4 Category 3 Category 2 Category 1 Tropical or subtropical storm Tropical or subtropical depression Refs Cuba 1924 Cuba Florida The Bahamas 6 69 Okeechobee 1928 Puerto Rico Guadeloupe Lucayan ArchipelagoFlorida South Carolina Bahamas 1932 The Bahamas Cuba 1932 Little Cayman amp Cuba The Bahamas Martinique Cuba Brownsville 1933 The Bahamas Cuba amp Texas Tampico 1933 Yucatan Peninsula Mainland Mexico Labor Day 1935 Florida Keys Northwest Florida The Bahamas New England 1938 New York amp Connecticut Great Atlantic 1944 New York amp Rhode IslandCarol 1953 New BrunswickJanet 1955 Yucatan Peninsula MexicoEsther 1961 CanadaHattie 1961 Belize MexicoInez 1966 Dominican Republic Cuba Haiti Mexico CubaBeulah 1967 Texas Yucatan PeninsulaCamille 1969 Mississippi CubaEdith 1971 Nicaragua Louisiana Belize amp MexicoAnita 1977 MexicoDavid 1979 Dominican Republic Dominica Florida Cuba The Bahamas amp GeorgiaAllen 1980 Texas amp BarbadosGilbert 1988 Quintana Roo Jamaica amp Tamaulipas 36 Hugo 1989 Guadeloupe Saint Croix amp South Carolina Puerto Rico 38 Andrew 1992 Eleuthera amp Florida Berry Islands Louisiana 40 Mitch 1998 Honduras Campeche amp Florida 41 Isabel 2003 North Carolina 45 Ivan 2004 Alabama Grenada Louisiana 46 Emily 2005 Quintana Roo Tamaulipas Grenada 47 Katrina 2005 Louisiana amp Mississippi Florida 48 Rita 2005 Louisiana 49 Wilma 2005 Cozumel amp Quintana Roo Florida 50 Dean 2007 Quintana Roo Veracruz 54 Felix 2007 Nicaragua Grenada 56 Matthew 2016 Haiti Cuba amp Grand Bahama South Carolina 59 Irma 2017 Barbuda Saint Martin British Virgin Islands amp Cuba Little Inagua amp Florida Keys Southwest Florida 60 Maria 2017 Dominica Puerto Rico 70 Michael 2018 FloridaDorian 2019 Abaco Islands amp Grand Bahama 2 North Carolina St Thomas Saint Lucia amp BarbadosIan 2022 Florida 2x Cuba South CarolinaSee also edit nbsp Tropical cyclones portal nbsp Weather portalAtlantic hurricane season List of Atlantic hurricanes List of Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes List of Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes List of Category 2 Atlantic hurricanes List of Category 5 Pacific hurricanes List of Category 4 Pacific hurricanes List of Category 3 Pacific hurricanes Pacific hurricane season List of Pacific hurricanesReferences edit Schott Timothy Landsea Christopher Hafele Gene Lorens Jeffrey Taylor Arthur Thrum Harvey Ward Bill Willis Mark Zaleski Walt January 2 2019 The Saffir Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale PDF Report United States National Hurricane Center Retrieved June 4 2019 Hudgins James E 2000 Tropical cyclones affecting North Carolina since 1586 PDF National Weather Service Office Blacksburg Virginia National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Archived from the original PDF on June 11 2011 Retrieved November 25 2010 Atlantic Oceanographic amp Meteorological Laboratory June 8 2010 Current Hurricane Data Sets Hurricane Research Division National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved November 1 2018 Donnelly J P 2005 Evidence of Past Intense Tropical Cyclones from Backbarrier Salt Pond Sediments A Case Study from Isla de Culebrita Puerto Rico USA PDF Journal of Coastal Research SI42 201 210 ISSN 0749 0208 Retrieved November 26 2010 Mccloskey T A Keller G 2009 5000 year sedimentary record of hurricane strikes on the central coast of Belize Quaternary International 195 1 2 53 68 Bibcode 2009QuInt 195 53M doi 10 1016 j quaint 2008 03 003 ISSN 1040 6182 a b c d e f g h Atlantic hurricane best track HURDAT version 2 Database United States National Hurricane Center April 5 2023 Retrieved November 19 2023 nbsp This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain Hurricane Dorian Becomes the 5th Atlantic Category 5 in 4 Years The Weather Channel Retrieved September 1 2019 Rappaport Edward N Addendum Hurricane Andrew National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration a b c Staff writer 2010 Tropical Cyclone Climatology National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Archived from the original on December 13 2007 Retrieved November 30 2010 Dorst Neal June 10 2010 Tropical Cyclone FAQ G1 When is hurricane season National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Archived from the original on July 18 2006 Retrieved November 30 2010 Landsea Christopher W June 8 2010 Tropical Cyclone FAQ A2 What is a Cape Verde hurricane Hurricane Research Division Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved November 30 2010 1924 Major Hurricane Not Named 1924288N16277 International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship Retrieved June 13 2022 Feuer Steve Suarez Ramon Perez Prieto Ricardo Sanchez Sesma Jorge March 2009 Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT Hurricane 10 in 1924 Hurricane Research Division Retrieved November 1 2018 1928 Major Hurricane Not Named 1928250N14343 International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship Retrieved June 13 2022 1932 Major Hurricane Not Named 1932244N19296 International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship Retrieved June 13 2022 1932 Major Hurricane Not Named 1932304N15305 International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship Retrieved June 13 2022 1933 Major Hurricane Unnamed 1933234N13335 International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship Retrieved June 13 2022 1933 Major Hurricane Unnamed 1933259N11302 International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship Retrieved June 13 2022 1935 Major Hurricane Unnamed 1935241N23291 International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship Retrieved June 13 2022 1938 Major Hurricane Unnamed 1938253N13341 International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship Retrieved June 13 2022 1944 Great Atlantic hurricane 1944253N21302 International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship Retrieved September 23 2022 1953 Major Hurricane Carol 1953240N14340 International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship Retrieved June 13 2022 Dunn Gordon E Davies Walter R Moore Paul L 1955 Hurricanes of 1955 Monthly Weather Review 83 12 315 326 Bibcode 1955MWRv 83 315D doi 10 1175 1520 0493 1955 083 lt 0315 HO gt 2 0 CO 2 ISSN 1520 0493 via American Meteorological Society 1961 Major Hurricane Esther 1961254N11329 International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship Retrieved June 13 2022 Dunn Gordon E 1962 The Hurricane Season of 1961 Monthly Weather Review 89 3 107 108 Bibcode 1962MWRv 90 107D doi 10 1175 1520 0493 1962 090 lt 0107 THSO gt 2 0 CO 2 ISSN 0027 0644 National Meteorological Services of Belize November 2 2006 Belize Marked 45th Anniversary of Deadly Hurricane Hattie Belize National Emergency Management Organization Archived from the original on July 23 2012 Retrieved December 3 2012 1966 Major Hurricane Inez 1966265N10325 International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship Retrieved June 13 2022 Sugg Arnold L Peliser Joseph M 1967 The Hurricane Season of 1967 Monthly Weather Review 96 4 242 243 Bibcode 1968MWRv 96 242S doi 10 1175 1520 0493 1968 096 lt 0242 THSO gt 2 0 CO 2 ISSN 0027 0644 a b c d e National Hurricane Center April 1 2014 Re analysis of 1969 s Hurricane Camille Completed Catastrophic hurricane now ranks as second strongest on record PDF Press release United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Archived PDF from the original on April 7 2014 Retrieved April 1 2014 1971 Major Hurricane Edith 1971249N11302 International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship Retrieved June 13 2022 Lawrence Miles B 1978 Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1977 Monthly Weather Review 106 4 536 540 Bibcode 1978MWRv 106 534L doi 10 1175 1520 0493 1978 106 lt 0534 AHSO gt 2 0 CO 2 ISSN 1520 0493 a b c Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters EM DAT The Emergency Events Database Universite catholique de Louvain Hebert Paul J 1980 Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1979 Monthly Weather Review 108 7 973 990 Bibcode 1980MWRv 108 973H doi 10 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Bank Central America After Hurricane Mitch Costa Rica Archived from the original on December 19 2005 Retrieved January 13 2013 Inter American Development Bank Central America After Hurricane Mitch El Salvador Archived from the original on October 26 2005 Retrieved January 13 2013 a b Beven John L Cobb Hugh April 7 2017 Hurricane Isabel September 6 19 2003 PDF Tropical Cyclone Report United States National Hurricane Center Retrieved April 24 2017 a b Stewart Stacy R December 16 2004 Hurricane Ivan September 2 24 2004 Tropical Cyclone Report United States National Hurricane Center Archived from the original PDF on November 28 2012 Retrieved December 10 2012 a b Franklin James L Brown Daniel P March 10 2006 Hurricane Emily July 11 21 2005 PDF Tropical Cyclone Report United States National Hurricane Center Archived from the original PDF on April 24 2017 Retrieved December 10 2012 a b c Knabb Richard D Rhome Jamie R Brown Daniel P December 20 2005 Hurricane Katrina August 23 30 2005 PDF Tropical Cyclone Report United States National Hurricane Center Retrieved April 24 2017 a b Knabb Richard D Brown Daniel P Rhome Jamie R March 17 2006 Hurricane Rita September 18 26 2005 PDF Tropical Cyclone Report United States National Hurricane Center Retrieved December 10 2012 a b Pasch Richard J Blake Eric S Cobb III Hugh D Roberts David P January 12 2006 Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Wilma October 15 26 2005 PDF Report United States National Hurricane Center Retrieved September 13 2014 Comision Nacional del Agua 2006 Resumen del Huracan Wilma PDF Archived from the original PDF on February 27 2012 Retrieved December 10 2012 Royster Amy December 4 2005 Wilma s Waves Devastate Grand Bahama Communities Palm Beach Post subscription required Hurricane Wilma exacts losses of 704 million dollars Cuban government Relief Web Agence France Presse December 4 2005 Archived from the original on September 27 2013 Retrieved December 10 2012 a b Franklin James L January 31 2008 Hurricane Dean August 13 23 2007 PDF Tropical Cyclone Report United States National Hurricane Center Retrieved April 24 2017 a b Organizacion de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentacion FAO Nicaragua 2007 Evaluacion de Danos Causados por el Huracan Felix en el Caribe de Nicaragua PDF in Spanish Retrieved December 10 2012 a b Beven John L January 16 2008 Hurricane Felix August 31 September 5 2007 PDF Tropical Cyclone Report United States National Hurricane Center Retrieved April 24 2017 Silva Jose A January 29 2008 Huracan los termino de hundir en la pobreza in Spanish El Nuevo Diario Archived from the original on January 22 2009 Retrieved December 10 2012 Comision Permanente de Contingencias Government of Honduras September 7 2007 Honduras Informe preliminar de danos por Huracan Felix y ultimas lluvias Copeco Boletin 53 07 de Septiembre 2007 in Spanish Reliefweb Archived from the original on February 17 2008 Retrieved December 10 2012 a b Stewart Stacy R April 7 2017 Hurricane Matthew September 28 October 9 2016 PDF Tropical Cyclone Report United States National Hurricane Center Retrieved April 24 2017 a b Cangialosi Jong P Layton Andrew S and Berg Robbie March 9 2018 Hurricane Irma August 30 September 12 2017 PDF Tropical Cyclone Report United States National Hurricane Center Retrieved March 13 2018 a href Template Cite report html title Template Cite report cite report a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Pasch Richard J Penny Andrew B Berg Robbie January 4 2023 Hurricane Maria September 16 30 2017 PDF Tropical Cyclone Report United States National Hurricane Center Retrieved January 5 2022 Beven II John L Berg Robert J Hagen Andrew B May 17 2019 Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Michael AL142018 PDF Report United States National Hurricane Center Retrieved June 23 2022 Avila Lixion A Stewart Stacy R Berg Robert J Hagen Andrew B December 16 2019 Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Dorian AL052019 PDF Report United States National Hurricane Center Retrieved June 23 2022 Zelinsky David A December 16 2019 Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Lorenzo AL132019 PDF Report United States National Hurricane Center Retrieved June 23 2022 Bucci Lisa Alaka Laura Hagen Andrew Delgado Sandy Beven Jack April 3 2023 Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Ian PDF Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved June 20 2023 Q3 Global Catastrophe Recap October 2023 PDF Report Aon p 16 Retrieved October 30 2023 a b Stewart Stacy May 18 2021 Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Iota PDF Report Miami Florida National Hurricane Center Retrieved April 9 2023 Landsea Christopher W June 8 2010 Tropical Cyclone FAQ G8 Why do hurricanes hit the East coast of the U S but never the West coast Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved November 30 2010 Mitchell Charles L October 1924 Notes on the West Indian Hurricane of October 14 23 1924 PDF U S Weather Bureau Archived PDF from the original on March 19 2009 Retrieved March 21 2009 Brown Daniel Hurricane Maria Tropical Cyclone Update National Hurricane Center Retrieved September 19 2017 External links editNHC web site Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes amp oldid 1184863575, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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