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List of American guerrillas in the Philippines

June 10, 2023

After the invasion of the Philippines by the Japanese in 1941, several Americans, civilian and military, evaded capture or escaped imprisonment. This occurred on several islands in the archipelago. With the aid of the local Philippine population, these Americans survived. However, not content with just surviving and avoiding capture, these Americans formed resistance groups, which were soon recognized by the American military, and eventually supplied. Initially relegated to an intelligence gathering role, these groups eventually took a more active and aggressive role, such that they were an integral part of the American re-conquest of the country.

Member list

Name Notability Reference
Bernard L. Anderson US Army Air Corps Major. Formed Kalayaan Command in Tayabas Province that focused on intel work. Linked up with Alejo Santos in the Bulacan Military Area north of Manila.[1]: 26  Colonel Jaime Manzano was his executive officer.[1]: 114  Commanded 7,000 men.[1]: 226  [2]
Robert Arnold Commanded military and guerrillas of the 15th Infantry Regiment, Philippine Army which operated in Ilocos Norte.[3]: 222–224  His thirty American soldiers joined forces with Walter Cushing's miners.[1]: 109  He later joined Captain Guillermo Nakar's guerrilla outfit.[1]: 109  [3]
George Norman Arnovick Fought for the Filipino guerrillas in World War II. Born in Shanghai to an English family. Arnovick was later taken as a POW in a Japanese internment camp before later being rescued by the United States military. Once Arnovick arrived in America, he joined the Army Air Corps and later became the father of three children.
Robert V. Ball Enlisted man on Mindanao, joined Colonel Fertig's guerrilla group, sailed in May 1944 from Samar to Baler Bay on Luzon, and delivered a radio transmitter to Lapham.[4]: 157  [4]
Joseph Barker Captain,[1]: 29  26th Cavalry, Philippine Scouts, US Army. Commanded the East Central Luzon Guerrilla Area under Thorp, with Edwin Ramsey as adjutant and Bernard Anderson as Chief of Staff.[1]: 36  After Thorp's capture, took command of Luzon Guerrilla Force. Captured in Manila while disguised as a priest.[1]: 56  Bayoneted to death by the Kempeitai at Manila North Cemetery on 2 October 1943.[3]: 183  [3]
George M. Barnett Major, commanded the 2nd and 3rd Districts under Volckmann. [5]
Leon Beck Escaped from the Bataan Death March to become a guerrilla.[4]: 222  [4]
Henry Roy Bell Professor, Silliman University. Major in the guerrilla forces on Negros island, head of the Free Government, printed the Victory News and ran a radio transmitter which established contact with SWPA and Fertig.[6]: 76, 78–80, 127  Many Silliman students, alumni, faculty members and ROTC officers joined the resistance forces, numbering 10,811 men.[6]: 166  The Bell family was evacuated by the USS Narwhal on 7 February 1944.[6]: 155–160  [7][8]
Donald Dunwoody Blackburn (1916-2008) 11th Infantry Regiment, Philippine Army (11th Division, USAFFE). Did not join USAFIP surrender; evaded Bataan Death March. Joined Russell Volckmann. Helped organize Igorot guerrillas. Commanded 11th Infantry Regiment, USAFIP-NL. [9][10]
John P. Boone US Army Corporal[1]: 11  and wartime guerrilla Colonel who formed the Bataan Military District that conducted intel work and sabotage. Recipient of the Distinguished Service Cross. [11]
William E. Bowen (1905-1944) Technical Sergeant, 228th Signal Corps Joined Troop C, 26th Cavalry Regiment, retreating from Camp John Hay. Became a guerrilla. Captured April 1943. MIA in Japanese prison ship torpedoed by US Navy. [12]
Robert V. Bowler US Army officer. Guerrilla leader on Mindanáo.
James Patrick Boyd US Army; guerrilla on Luzon.[1]: 20  [1]
Alfred Bruce Sergeant, Philippine Scouts, US Army. Guerrilla Captain, 2nd Battalion, Provisional Regiment of Philippine Scouts, which operated in Zambales Mountains under Thorp.[1]: 14  [1]
Parker Calvert Major, commanded the 1st District under Volckmann. [5]
James W. Carrington US Marine PFC, stationed on Corregidor. Captured after surrender of Corregidor. Escaped from Bilibid Prison, saved by Moises and Jesus Gonzales. Became Commandant of the Headquarters and Security Detachment of the East Central Luzon Guerrilla Army Forces; engaged the Japanese, for which he later received the Army Distinguished Service Cross. Retired from USMC as a captain in 1958. In 2008, Jesus Gonzales visited Carrington at Destrehan nursing home, 11 days before Carrington died. [13][14][15][16]
Henry Clay Conner Jr. (1918-2008) US Army officers Conner and Anderson founded Squadron 155 (composed mainly of Aetas working for the Japanese air corps) that worked on collecting intel info. Conner's personal army consisted of several hundred Negritos.[1]: 94–95  He married the sister of the Negrito chief, Kodario Laxamana.[1]: 101  [17]
James McCloud Cushing Mining engineer and brother of Walter and Charles.[1]: 38  As combat officer of the guerrilla Cebu Area Command, he was commissioned Lieutenant Colonel and officially recognized as commander of the 8th Military District by SWPA GHQ, Australia.[6]: 113  His "unit was disgraced" by Captain Harry Fenton's "brutality and dissoluteness".[1]: 106  [18]
Walter Mickey Cushing (September 12, 1907–October 2, 1943) Civilian mining executive. Organized his miners and joined forces with Lieutenant Robert Arnold.[1]: 109  His brother, Lieutenant Charles Cushing, ran another guerrilla camp,[3]: 89  which included the gold miners Herb Swick and Enoch French,[1]: 55  as Barker's Pangasinan district Commander, but as a Captain in 1943, he surrendered after they imprisoned his wife.[1]: 36, 55  French was later captured.[1]: 65  Walter moved in and out of Manila disguised as a priest, Father Navarro.[3]: 63  His men made one of the first guerrilla attacks on a Japanese convoy on 1 January 1942, which killed 60 and destroyed ten trucks with supplies, months before the Fall of Bataán.[5]: 30–31  After more impressive successes, he was commissioned captain by Colonel Horan, and his group was incorporated into Horan's 121st Infantry Regiment, Philippine Army.[5]: 31–32  He published The Echo of the Free North, based on news from San Francisco.[5]: 32  Bayoneted to death by the Kempeitai at Manila North Cemetery on 2 October 1943,[3]: 183  though Volckmann claims he was killed in a Japanese ambush at Jones, Isabela.[5]: 35–36  [19]
Doyle Decker Member of the 155th Provisional Guerrilla Battalion which operated in Central Luzón. Operated with Robert Mailheau and Frank Gyovai, under Lieutenant Clay Conner's command.[1]: 46, 100–101, 113  [20]
Alvin J. Farretta Guerrilla Captain on Luzon, awarded the Distinguished Service Cross.[4]: 220  [21]
Harry Fenton (1907 – 1 September 1943) Administrative officer of the guerrilla Cebu Area Command.[6]: 104–113  His extreme repressive measures and punitive actions against suspected collaborators, fueled by fanatic hatred against the Japanese, led to his execution by Filipinos in 1943. Among the famous victims of his atrocities was the Mandaue lawyer and historian Eugeniano Ouano Perez, who was killed personally by Fenton on January 17, 1943, for incompetence.[22] [23]
Wendell W. Fertig US Army Colonel, overall guerrilla Commander on Mindanáo, with 33,000 men.[1]: 226  His divisional commanders included Captain Charles Hedges (108th, plus chief of staff), James Grinstead (109th), Frank McGee (106th), Lieutenant Colonel Robert Bowler (105th)[24]: 7, 307  Lieutenant Colonel Edward E. McClish (110th), and Major Clyde Childress (107th).[1]: 110  Fertig, with Aaron Bank and Russell Volckmann, founded the US Army Special Forces. [25][26]
Naomi Flores Igorot, hairdresser and member of Miss U Spy Ring. Smuggled food and other supplies into prisoner of war camps and joined guerillas in Luzon. Later became an American citizen. [27]
Richard R. Green Civilian, along with Swick, escaped from Camp Holmes and joined the USAFIP-NL in April 1943.[5]: 148  [5]
Edward James Haggerty Jesuit priest. Joined guerrillas on Mindanao. [28]
Jack Hawkins Lieutenant, 4th Marine Regiment, Corregidor. Interned at Cabanatuan POW camp. Transferred to Davao Penal Colony, escaped, joined guerrillas on Mindanao. [29]
Albert Hendrickson Signal Corps private who became a wartime guerrilla Captain under Robert Lapham, commanding the Tarlac province.[1]: 26, 60  Conducted the Itogon Mine Raid in October 1942.[4]: 166  Captured Tarlac City on 16 January 1945.[4]: 188  [1]
John P. Horan US Army Colonel. Commander, John Hay Air Base.[4]: 80–81  Formed the 121st guerrilla regiment.[5]: 29  Surrendered after the Fall of Corregidor.[5]: 32  [21]
Ray C. Hunt Far East Air Force sergeant, Provisional Air Corps Regiment infantryman in the Battle of Bataan and wartime guerrilla captain under Robert Lapham.[1]: 26, 68  [21]
Thomas S. Jones US Army lieutenant.[5]: 35  Sole survivor of Ralph Praeger's Troop C, 26th Cavalry Regiment, Philippine Scouts. Captured with Praeger.[5]: 151–152  [5]
Dick Lang PFC, US Army Air Corps Maintenance crewman, 19th Bomber Group, Clark Field. Became guerrilla leader on Mindanáo. [30]
Robert Lapham US Army Philippine Scouts Lieutenant and wartime guerrilla Major on Luzón of 14,191 men.[1]: 226  Commander of the Luzon Guerrilla Army Forces. Warned General Krueger of impending massacre of prisoners at Cabanatuan POW camp. Recipient of the Philippine Legion of Honor. [1]
Frank R. Loyd [11]
Edward E. McClish Lieutenant Colonel in U.S. Army and guerrilla leader on the island of Mindanao. Commanded a force of more than 5,000 guerrillas in northeastern Mindanao [31]
Ralph McGuire US Army Captain and civilian engineer.[1]: 14–15  Commander of Western Luzon Guerrilla Area of Thorp's Luzon Guerrilla Force.[1]: 36  Killed April 1943 by Negritos.[1]: 54  [2]
Harry McKenzie Former mining superintendent and trusted subordinate of Lapham.[1]: 29, 38–39  [1]
Steve Mellnik [32]
Gyles Merrill Col guerrilla Commander on West Luzón.[1]: 35  After leaving the camp run by William, Vernon and Catalina Fassoth, he was joined by Colonel Peter Cayler, and Captain George E. Crane, Captain Kadel, Private Leon Beck, Johnny Johns, and Raymond Herbert.[1]: 37, 105  [11]
Martin Moses and Arthur Noble US Army Lieutenant Colonels in the 12th Infantry Regiment, Philippine Army and then the 11th Division, USAFFE[1]: 54  who escaped to Benguet after Fall of Bataán.[5]: 82–83  Organised United States Army Forces in the Philippines - Northern Luzon. Attacked Itogon Mines. Captured 3 June 1943 and executed three months later.[4]: 83  [1]
Arthur Murphy Head of intelligence under Volckmann.[5]: 181  [5]
John O'Day Former Brooklyn policeman who led a group of irregulars in Ilocos Norte and feuded with Captain Fermin Bueno's group.[1]: 109  Organized the 15th Infantry under Volckmann.[5]: 153  [2]
Yay Panlilio She was a journalist with the Philippines Herald before the war. She was second in command of Marcos Augustin 12,000 guerrillas.[1]: 226  She was also his mistress and the "brains of the outfit" which operated near Manila.[1]: 70  The Marking Guerrillas had fierce "feuds" with the Hunters guerrillas, led by Eleuterio "Terry" Adeviso, resulting in "gunfights, kidnapping, and even executions."[1]: 108–109  [33]
Chick Parsons Longtime pre-war resident, polo player, and businessman, who escaped occupied Manila with his family and then returned multiple times as the principal operator, organizer, and executor of the SPYRON submarine missions to supply guerrillas, organize the coastwatchers, and rescue civilians & escaped POWs. Died in 1988 as a Filipino citizen and is buried at Manila Memorial Park.
Robert C. Peyer As a civilian and citizen of Switzerland and the Philippine Commonwealth, was awarded the Medal of Freedom for (as per his Citation) "outstanding courage and marked resourcefulness in providing food, clothing, and money for American prisoners of war and internees. Although under the constant watch of the Japanese, Mr. Peyer, by his inspiring bravery, resourcefulness, and devotion to duty, made a distinct contribution to the welfare and morale of American prisoners of war." Died as an American citizen in 1961 and is buried in Covington, Kentucky.
Nicholas Daniel "Danny" Pociluyko US Army Air Corps Staff Sergeant / Crew Chief 14th Bomber Squadron. Was at Clark Airfield when bombed Dec 8, 1941 then sent to Mindanao Dec 25, 1941 to support military resistance. Refused General Sharp's May 9, 1942 order to surrender with Beverly "Ben" Farrens, Lowell "Bit" Holder, Bill Johnson, John Spruill, and 7 others. Listed as "missing" for 18 months and within 10 months only 6 of the original 14 were still alive. Later was joined by Donald "Herb" Wills who had jumped from POW ship and swam ashore. In July 1942 in Kapai, met civilian engineers Jordan Hamner and Athol Y. "Chick" Smith, then risked his life to provide a cover story to help them pass through the territory of a local Chief (Fugitives, 2001 by Bob Stahl). Commissioned in the field to 2nd then 1st Lieutenant under Fertig. Directed a radio station and was coast watcher on the Zamboanga peninsula at Dipolog and Illigan in the Lanao province, moved about through Kapai Valley. Discovered a deserted six-thousand foot civilian airfield and directed Filipino troops under his command to renovate for landing of US planes; known as "Nick's Tower". Was involved in several fire-fights against Japanese attempts to take the airfield. According to personal letters from "Ben" Farrens, saved the lives of several pilots, saved and repaired numerous planes, helped aid escapees from Davao POW camp, and rescued ship wrecked soldiers. His accurate reports of Japanese ships were credited for US forces to sink or disabling of several enemy vessels. Often met and was counseled by Jesuit priest Father J. Edward Haggerty, per Haggerty's letter to his family. Returned to US in 1945. Retired in 1960 as Major. Interred with full military honors at Arlington National Cemetery.
Ralph B. Praeger US Army captain. Commander, Troop C, 26th Cavalry Regiment, Philippine Scouts, that operated in northeastern Luzón.[5]: 34  Operated a radio transmitter, and formed a guerrilla force with two Lieutenants, Thomas Jones and Warren A. Minton, that included his troop plus disbanded Philippine Army troops, which then raided Japanese airfields at Tuguegarao, Cagayan and Aparri.[5]: 35  After the Fall of Bataán, joined his force with Governor Marcelo Adduru's Cagayan-Apayao Forces. Northern Luzon Commander under Thorp.[1]: 36  Captured in Apayao in July 1943;[3]: 226  executed in Manila, December 1944. [34]
Charles Putnam Mining engineer who received an emergency commission as a Captain, and then recruited guerrillas in the Lingayen Gulf area.[1]: 57  [1]
Edwin Price Ramsey US Army Lieutenant and guerrilla leader on Luzón of 13,000-14,000 men.[1]: 226  Commanding a 27-man platoon, mostly of 'G' Troop, of the 26th Cavalry Regiment, Philippine Scouts,[35] ordered the US Cavalry's last horse-mounted charge, 16 January 1942, in Moróng, Bataán.[36] Commander of East Central Luzon Guerrilla Area. Took over Thorp's region after the capture of Thorp and Barker, which included Pierce Wade[1]: 56, 111  Recipient of the Distinguished Service Cross and the Philippine Legion of Honor. Ramsey was succeeded by Colonel Mario Pamintuan as Commander of guerrilla forces in northwest Pampanga,[1]: 18  when Major Ramsey moved his central headquarters to the vicinity of Manila.[1]: 63  [37][38][39][40][41][42]
Royal Reynolds Major, Philippine Scouts, US Army. Commander, 3rd Battalion, Provisional Regiment of Philippine Scouts, which operated in Zambales Mountains.
Iliff David Richardson US Navy ensign, wartime US Army Major, guerrilla intelligence officer in the Visayan Islands and Chief-of-Staff under guerrilla Colonel Ruperto Kangleon. [43]
Grafton Spencer Private, commanded the 2nd Battalion of the 66th Infantry under Calvert, but killed by the Japanese in April 1944.[5]: 149  [5]
Jack Spies 26th Cavalry Regiment captain who joined Claude Thorp's Luzon Guerrilla Force as Commander of Southern Luzon.[1]: 35–36  Killed by Japanese. [1]
Joseph St. John One of Richardson's guerrilla radio operators on Leyte.[43]: 170  [44]
Hugh Straughn US Army retired Colonel. Organised Fil-American Irregular Troops (FAIT) which operated in Rizál. Executed by the Japanese August 1943.[1]: 63  [1]
Herbert Swick Civilian gold mining engineer who evaded the Japanese, and then joined the guerrillas in October 1942. Captured in early 1943, he escaped and joined the USAFIP-NL in April 1943.[45]: 553  [45]
Claude A. Thorp US Army Lieutenant Colonel. Provost Marshal, Fort Stotsenburg.[1]: 13  Assigned by MacArthur to conduct intelligence operations in the Zambales Mountains during the Battle of Bataan. Formed Luzon Guerrilla Force after the fall of Bataán with his secretary and lover, Herminia Dizon or "Minang".[1]: 14  Captured on 29 October 1942, 30 km west of Tarlac (Nom de guerre was Crabtree),[3]: 68–72, 134  along with his radioman Bill Brooks.[1]: 54  Bayoneted to death by the Kempeitai at Manila North Cemetery on 2 October 1943.[3]: 183  [2]
Carlyle Townswick Guerrilla on Mindanáo.[46]
Russell William Volckmann US Army officer, Philippine Commonwealth Army Regimental Officer in the Battle of Bataan. Escaped through Japanese lines with Blackburn. Became the Commander of United States Army Forces in the Philippines - Northern Luzon, with 22,000 men by the end of the war.[1]: 226  He sought to bring the other guerrilla organizations on Luzón under his command, but was resisted by other Commanders, notably Robert Lapham.[1]: 112–113  Korean War special operations officer. Post-war, authored US Army field manuals on guerrilla warfare.[47] With Aaron Bank and Wendell Fertig, co-founder of the US Army Special Forces. [48][49]
Everett Warner Major who operated a radio in Northern Luzon, but surrendered[1]: 35, 140  after the Fall of Corregidor.[5]: 130  [1]

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh Lapham, R., and Norling, B., 1996, Lapham's Raiders, Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, ISBN 0813119499.
  2. ^ a b c d Lapham, R., and Norling, B., 1996, Lapham's Raiders, Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, ISBN 0813119499
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Harkins, P., 1956, Blackburn's Headhunters, London: Cassell & Co. LTD
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Hunt, Ray & Bernard Norling, 1986, Behind Japanese Lines: An American Guerrilla in the Philippines, University of Kentucky Press, ISBN 0-8131-1604-X
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Volckmann, Russell, 1954, We Remained: three years behind enemy lines in the Philippines, New York: W.W. Norton, ISBN 9780393350227
  6. ^ a b c d e Mills, S.A., 2009, Stranded in the Philippines, Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, ISBN 9781591144977
  7. ^ Mills, Scott, Stranded in the Philippines, Naval Institute Press, 2009.
  8. ^ Smith, Steven Trent, 2001, The Rescue: a true story of courage and survival in World War II, Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley. ISBN 0-471-41291-0. ISBN 0-471-42351-3
  9. ^ Harkins, Philip, Blackburn's Headhunters, New York: W.W. Norton, 1955.
  10. ^ http://www.dixiestones.net/details.php/listing/28
  11. ^ a b c Schaefer, Chris, 2004, Bataan Diary, Houston: Riverview, 2004. ISBN 0-9761084-0-2
  12. ^ William Bowen
  13. ^ . Archived from the original on 2015-03-17. Retrieved 2016-02-25.
  14. ^ photo & reunion video
  15. ^ The Times-Picayune
  16. ^ Citation
  17. ^ Welch, Bob, 2012, Resolve, New York: Berkley Caliber, 2012.
  18. ^ Cebu Guerrillas in WW 2 2013-03-08 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ^ Maj. Walter M. Cushing
  20. ^ Decker, Malcolm, On a Mountainside: the 155th Provisional Guerrilla Battalion against the Japanese on Luzon, Las Cruces, New Mexico: Yucca Tree Press, 2004. ISBN 978-1881325741.
  21. ^ a b c Hunt, Ray & Bernard Norling, 1988, Behind Japanese Lines: An American guerrilla in the Philippines, Pocket Books. ISBN 0-671-64960-4
  22. ^ "Instituting a reign of terror and persecution, Fenton engaged in a series of reckless and injudicious actions which alienated many of his officers. On 15 September he was tried and executed and his command was reorganized." -Guerrilla Activities in the Philippines 2016-01-31 at the Wayback Machine
  23. ^ Mills, Scott, Stranded in the Philippines: Professor Bell's private war against the Japanese, Naval Institute Press, 2009. ISBN 9781591144977. ISBN 9789711005191.
  24. ^ Keats, J., 1963, They Fought Alone, New York:J.B. Lippincott Company
  25. ^ Keats, John, They Fought Alone: a true story of a modern American hero, Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1963; Pocket Books, 1965.
  26. ^ Lukacs, John, 2010, Escape From Davao: the forgotten story of the most daring prison break of the Pacific War, New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010; NAL Trade, 2011. ISBN 0451234103.
  27. ^ Hartendorp, A.V.H. (1967), The Japanese Occupation of the Philippines, Volume 2, Bookmark: Manila, pages 589-593
  28. ^ Haggerty, Edward, Guerrilla Padre in Mindanao, New York: Longmans, Green, 1946.
  29. ^ Hawkins, Jack, Never Say Die, Philadelphia: Dorrance, 1961.
  30. ^ Rudi, Norman, 2003, Lang: the WWII story of an American guerrilla on Mindanao, Philippine Islands, McMillen, 2003. ISBN 1-888223-52-9
  31. ^ "A Choctaw Leads the Guerrillas". Indians in the War 1945. Naval History and Heritage Command.
  32. ^ Mellnik, Steve, Philippine Diary 1939-1945, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1969.
  33. ^ Panlilio, Yay, The Crucible, New York: Macmillan, 1950; New Brunswick: Rutgers, 2010.
  34. ^ Norling, Intrepid Guerrillas of North Luzon.
  35. ^ ordered by General Wainwright to retake Morong from the Japanese
  36. ^ "It is not hyperbolic to contend that without the 26th's delaying actions on Luzon -a textbook and innovative campaign studied in modern war colleges- MacArthur might never have had the time to escape the Philippines..." -Peter Stevens
  37. ^ Official Website of Edwin Price Ramsey
  38. ^ excerpts
  39. ^ Stevens, Peter, 2011, The Twilight Riders: the last charge of the 26th Cavalry, Guilford, Connecticut: Lyons, Globe Pequot.
  40. ^ Ramsey & Rivele, 1990, Lieutenant Ramsey's War, New York: Knightsbridge, 1990; Washington DC: Potomac, 1990; Washington: Brassey's, 1996.
  41. ^ Schaefer, Chris, 2004, Bataan Diary, Houston: Riverview, 2004.
  42. ^ Ongpauco, Fidel, "Colonel Edwin Ramsey: Great 'defender' of Bataan," in Bulletin Today, 16 Mar 1982.
  43. ^ a b Wolfert, I., 1945, American Guerrilla in the Philippines, New York: Simon and Schuster
  44. ^ Leyte Calling.
  45. ^ a b Smith, R.R., 2005, Triumph in the Philippines, Honolulu: University Press of the Pacific, ISBN 1410224953.
  46. ^ In 1971, Townswick received a heart transplant and was one of the first to undergo a successful procedure; he died in 1978.
  47. ^ Operations Against Guerrilla Forces and Organization and Conduct of Guerrilla Warfare
  48. ^ Volckmann, Russell, We Remained.
  49. ^ Guardia, Mike, American Guerrilla.

Bibliography

  • Bataan Diary [1].
  • Bataan Diary, 121st Infantry Regiment [2].
  • Breuer, William, MacArthur's Undercover War, Hoboken, New Jersey: Castle, 1995.
  • Decker, Malcolm, From Bataan to Safety: the rescue of 104 American soldiers in the Philippines, McFarland, 2008. ISBN 978-0786433964.
  • Guardia, Mike, American Guerrilla: the forgotten heroics of Russell W. Volckmann, Havertown, Pennsylvania / Newbury, England: Casemate, 2010. ISBN 1935149547. ISBN 9781935149545.
  • Guardia, Mike, Shadow Commander: the epic story of Donald D. Blackburn, Havertown, Pennsylvania / Newbury, England: Casemate, 2011.
  • Guerrilla Activities in the Philippines [3] 2016-01-31 at the Wayback Machine
  • Guerrilla Days in North Luzon, US Army Forces in the Philippines, North Luzon, 1946.
  • Guerrilla Resistance Movement in Northern Luzon, Quezon City: Office of Military History, Armed Forces of the Philippines.
  • "Guerrillas in the Philippines", [4]
  • Harkins, Philip, Blackburn's Headhunters, New York: W.W. Norton, 1955.
  • Keats, John, They Fought Alone: a true story of a modern American hero, Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1963.
  • Lapham, Robert & Bernard Norling, 1996, Lapham's Raiders: guerrillas in the Philippines, 1942-1945, Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.
  • Milligan, Denny, Lest We Forget: the brave and honorable guerrillas and Philippine Scouts of WW II.
  • Mills, Scott, Stranded in the Philippines: Professor Bell's private war against the Japanese, Naval Institute Press, 2009. ISBN 9781591144977.
  • Norling, Bernard, 1999, The Intrepid Guerrillas of North Luzon, Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0-8131-2118-3
  • Ramsey, Edwin Price & Stephen Rivele, 1990, Lieutenant Ramsey's War: from horse soldier to guerrilla commander, New York: Knightsbridge, 1990; Washington, DC: Potomac Books, 1990; Washington: Brassey's, 1996. ISBN 1-57488-052-7.
  • Richardson, Hal, One-Man War: the Jock McLaren story, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, 1957.
  • Schaefer, Chris, Bataan Diary: an American family in World War II, 1941-1945, Houston: Riverview Publishing, 2004. ISBN 0-9761084-0-2.
  • Schmidt, Larry, American Involvement in the Filipino Resistance Movement on Mindanao During the Japanese Occupation, 1942-1945, MMAS thesis, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: US Army Command and General Staff College, 1982.
  • Segura, Manuel, Tabunan: The Untold Exploits of the Famed Cebu Guerrillas in World War II.
  • Sinclair, Peter Thomas, Men of Destiny: the American and Filipino guerrillas during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines, School of Advanced Military Studies, US Army. [6]
  • Special Operations in the Pacific [7]
  • Spencer, Louise Reid, Guerrilla Wife, New York, Thomas Y. Crowell, 1945.
  • St. John, Joseph, Leyte Calling, New York: Vanguard, 1945.
  • Utinsky, Margaret, "Miss U", San Antonio: Naylor, 1948.
  • Volckmann, Russell William, We Remained: three years behind the enemy lines in the Philippines, New York: W. W. Norton, 1954.
  • Whitehead, Arthur Kendal, Odyssey of a Philippine Scout, Bedford, Pennsylvania: Aberjona, Aegis. ISBN 0-9717650-4-9
  • Willoughby, Charles Andrew, The Guerrilla Resistance Movement in the Philippines, 1941-1945, New York: Vantage, 1972.
  • Wise, William, Secret Mission to the Philippines, E.P. Dutton, 1968; iUniverse, 2001. ISBN 0-595-19809-0

June 10, 2023
list, american, guerrillas, philippines, this, article, uses, bare, urls, which, uninformative, vulnerable, link, please, consider, converting, them, full, citations, ensure, article, remains, verifiable, maintains, consistent, citation, style, several, templa. This article uses bare URLs which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting such as Reflinks documentation reFill documentation and Citation bot documentation August 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message After the invasion of the Philippines by the Japanese in 1941 several Americans civilian and military evaded capture or escaped imprisonment This occurred on several islands in the archipelago With the aid of the local Philippine population these Americans survived However not content with just surviving and avoiding capture these Americans formed resistance groups which were soon recognized by the American military and eventually supplied Initially relegated to an intelligence gathering role these groups eventually took a more active and aggressive role such that they were an integral part of the American re conquest of the country Member list EditName Notability ReferenceBernard L Anderson US Army Air Corps Major Formed Kalayaan Command in Tayabas Province that focused on intel work Linked up with Alejo Santos in the Bulacan Military Area north of Manila 1 26 Colonel Jaime Manzano was his executive officer 1 114 Commanded 7 000 men 1 226 2 Robert Arnold Commanded military and guerrillas of the 15th Infantry Regiment Philippine Army which operated in Ilocos Norte 3 222 224 His thirty American soldiers joined forces with Walter Cushing s miners 1 109 He later joined Captain Guillermo Nakar s guerrilla outfit 1 109 3 George Norman Arnovick Fought for the Filipino guerrillas in World War II Born in Shanghai to an English family Arnovick was later taken as a POW in a Japanese internment camp before later being rescued by the United States military Once Arnovick arrived in America he joined the Army Air Corps and later became the father of three children Robert V Ball Enlisted man on Mindanao joined Colonel Fertig s guerrilla group sailed in May 1944 from Samar to Baler Bay on Luzon and delivered a radio transmitter to Lapham 4 157 4 Joseph Barker Captain 1 29 26th Cavalry Philippine Scouts US Army Commanded the East Central Luzon Guerrilla Area under Thorp with Edwin Ramsey as adjutant and Bernard Anderson as Chief of Staff 1 36 After Thorp s capture took command of Luzon Guerrilla Force Captured in Manila while disguised as a priest 1 56 Bayoneted to death by the Kempeitai at Manila North Cemetery on 2 October 1943 3 183 3 George M Barnett Major commanded the 2nd and 3rd Districts under Volckmann 5 Leon Beck Escaped from the Bataan Death March to become a guerrilla 4 222 4 Henry Roy Bell Professor Silliman University Major in the guerrilla forces on Negros island head of the Free Government printed the Victory News and ran a radio transmitter which established contact with SWPA and Fertig 6 76 78 80 127 Many Silliman students alumni faculty members and ROTC officers joined the resistance forces numbering 10 811 men 6 166 The Bell family was evacuated by the USS Narwhal on 7 February 1944 6 155 160 7 8 Donald Dunwoody Blackburn 1916 2008 11th Infantry Regiment Philippine Army 11th Division USAFFE Did not join USAFIP surrender evaded Bataan Death March Joined Russell Volckmann Helped organize Igorot guerrillas Commanded 11th Infantry Regiment USAFIP NL 9 10 John P Boone US Army Corporal 1 11 and wartime guerrilla Colonel who formed the Bataan Military District that conducted intel work and sabotage Recipient of the Distinguished Service Cross 11 William E Bowen 1905 1944 Technical Sergeant 228th Signal Corps Joined Troop C 26th Cavalry Regiment retreating from Camp John Hay Became a guerrilla Captured April 1943 MIA in Japanese prison ship torpedoed by US Navy 12 Robert V Bowler US Army officer Guerrilla leader on Mindanao James Patrick Boyd US Army guerrilla on Luzon 1 20 1 Alfred Bruce Sergeant Philippine Scouts US Army Guerrilla Captain 2nd Battalion Provisional Regiment of Philippine Scouts which operated in Zambales Mountains under Thorp 1 14 1 Parker Calvert Major commanded the 1st District under Volckmann 5 James W Carrington US Marine PFC stationed on Corregidor Captured after surrender of Corregidor Escaped from Bilibid Prison saved by Moises and Jesus Gonzales Became Commandant of the Headquarters and Security Detachment of the East Central Luzon Guerrilla Army Forces engaged the Japanese for which he later received the Army Distinguished Service Cross Retired from USMC as a captain in 1958 In 2008 Jesus Gonzales visited Carrington at Destrehan nursing home 11 days before Carrington died 13 14 15 16 Henry Clay Conner Jr 1918 2008 US Army officers Conner and Anderson founded Squadron 155 composed mainly of Aetas working for the Japanese air corps that worked on collecting intel info Conner s personal army consisted of several hundred Negritos 1 94 95 He married the sister of the Negrito chief Kodario Laxamana 1 101 17 James McCloud Cushing Mining engineer and brother of Walter and Charles 1 38 As combat officer of the guerrilla Cebu Area Command he was commissioned Lieutenant Colonel and officially recognized as commander of the 8th Military District by SWPA GHQ Australia 6 113 His unit was disgraced by Captain Harry Fenton s brutality and dissoluteness 1 106 18 Walter Mickey Cushing September 12 1907 October 2 1943 Civilian mining executive Organized his miners and joined forces with Lieutenant Robert Arnold 1 109 His brother Lieutenant Charles Cushing ran another guerrilla camp 3 89 which included the gold miners Herb Swick and Enoch French 1 55 as Barker s Pangasinan district Commander but as a Captain in 1943 he surrendered after they imprisoned his wife 1 36 55 French was later captured 1 65 Walter moved in and out of Manila disguised as a priest Father Navarro 3 63 His men made one of the first guerrilla attacks on a Japanese convoy on 1 January 1942 which killed 60 and destroyed ten trucks with supplies months before the Fall of Bataan 5 30 31 After more impressive successes he was commissioned captain by Colonel Horan and his group was incorporated into Horan s 121st Infantry Regiment Philippine Army 5 31 32 He published The Echo of the Free North based on news from San Francisco 5 32 Bayoneted to death by the Kempeitai at Manila North Cemetery on 2 October 1943 3 183 though Volckmann claims he was killed in a Japanese ambush at Jones Isabela 5 35 36 19 Doyle Decker Member of the 155th Provisional Guerrilla Battalion which operated in Central Luzon Operated with Robert Mailheau and Frank Gyovai under Lieutenant Clay Conner s command 1 46 100 101 113 20 Alvin J Farretta Guerrilla Captain on Luzon awarded the Distinguished Service Cross 4 220 21 Harry Fenton 1907 1 September 1943 Administrative officer of the guerrilla Cebu Area Command 6 104 113 His extreme repressive measures and punitive actions against suspected collaborators fueled by fanatic hatred against the Japanese led to his execution by Filipinos in 1943 Among the famous victims of his atrocities was the Mandaue lawyer and historian Eugeniano Ouano Perez who was killed personally by Fenton on January 17 1943 for incompetence 22 23 Wendell W Fertig US Army Colonel overall guerrilla Commander on Mindanao with 33 000 men 1 226 His divisional commanders included Captain Charles Hedges 108th plus chief of staff James Grinstead 109th Frank McGee 106th Lieutenant Colonel Robert Bowler 105th 24 7 307 Lieutenant Colonel Edward E McClish 110th and Major Clyde Childress 107th 1 110 Fertig with Aaron Bank and Russell Volckmann founded the US Army Special Forces 25 26 Naomi Flores Igorot hairdresser and member of Miss U Spy Ring Smuggled food and other supplies into prisoner of war camps and joined guerillas in Luzon Later became an American citizen 27 Richard R Green Civilian along with Swick escaped from Camp Holmes and joined the USAFIP NL in April 1943 5 148 5 Edward James Haggerty Jesuit priest Joined guerrillas on Mindanao 28 Jack Hawkins Lieutenant 4th Marine Regiment Corregidor Interned at Cabanatuan POW camp Transferred to Davao Penal Colony escaped joined guerrillas on Mindanao 29 Albert Hendrickson Signal Corps private who became a wartime guerrilla Captain under Robert Lapham commanding the Tarlac province 1 26 60 Conducted the Itogon Mine Raid in October 1942 4 166 Captured Tarlac City on 16 January 1945 4 188 1 John P Horan US Army Colonel Commander John Hay Air Base 4 80 81 Formed the 121st guerrilla regiment 5 29 Surrendered after the Fall of Corregidor 5 32 21 Ray C Hunt Far East Air Force sergeant Provisional Air Corps Regiment infantryman in the Battle of Bataan and wartime guerrilla captain under Robert Lapham 1 26 68 21 Thomas S Jones US Army lieutenant 5 35 Sole survivor of Ralph Praeger s Troop C 26th Cavalry Regiment Philippine Scouts Captured with Praeger 5 151 152 5 Dick Lang PFC US Army Air Corps Maintenance crewman 19th Bomber Group Clark Field Became guerrilla leader on Mindanao 30 Robert Lapham US Army Philippine Scouts Lieutenant and wartime guerrilla Major on Luzon of 14 191 men 1 226 Commander of the Luzon Guerrilla Army Forces Warned General Krueger of impending massacre of prisoners at Cabanatuan POW camp Recipient of the Philippine Legion of Honor 1 Frank R Loyd 11 Edward E McClish Lieutenant Colonel in U S Army and guerrilla leader on the island of Mindanao Commanded a force of more than 5 000 guerrillas in northeastern Mindanao 31 Ralph McGuire US Army Captain and civilian engineer 1 14 15 Commander of Western Luzon Guerrilla Area of Thorp s Luzon Guerrilla Force 1 36 Killed April 1943 by Negritos 1 54 2 Harry McKenzie Former mining superintendent and trusted subordinate of Lapham 1 29 38 39 1 Steve Mellnik 32 Gyles Merrill Col guerrilla Commander on West Luzon 1 35 After leaving the camp run by William Vernon and Catalina Fassoth he was joined by Colonel Peter Cayler and Captain George E Crane Captain Kadel Private Leon Beck Johnny Johns and Raymond Herbert 1 37 105 11 Martin Moses and Arthur Noble US Army Lieutenant Colonels in the 12th Infantry Regiment Philippine Army and then the 11th Division USAFFE 1 54 who escaped to Benguet after Fall of Bataan 5 82 83 Organised United States Army Forces in the Philippines Northern Luzon Attacked Itogon Mines Captured 3 June 1943 and executed three months later 4 83 1 Arthur Murphy Head of intelligence under Volckmann 5 181 5 John O Day Former Brooklyn policeman who led a group of irregulars in Ilocos Norte and feuded with Captain Fermin Bueno s group 1 109 Organized the 15th Infantry under Volckmann 5 153 2 Yay Panlilio She was a journalist with the Philippines Herald before the war She was second in command of Marcos Augustin 12 000 guerrillas 1 226 She was also his mistress and the brains of the outfit which operated near Manila 1 70 The Marking Guerrillas had fierce feuds with the Hunters guerrillas led by Eleuterio Terry Adeviso resulting in gunfights kidnapping and even executions 1 108 109 33 Chick Parsons Longtime pre war resident polo player and businessman who escaped occupied Manila with his family and then returned multiple times as the principal operator organizer and executor of the SPYRON submarine missions to supply guerrillas organize the coastwatchers and rescue civilians amp escaped POWs Died in 1988 as a Filipino citizen and is buried at Manila Memorial Park Robert C Peyer As a civilian and citizen of Switzerland and the Philippine Commonwealth was awarded the Medal of Freedom for as per his Citation outstanding courage and marked resourcefulness in providing food clothing and money for American prisoners of war and internees Although under the constant watch of the Japanese Mr Peyer by his inspiring bravery resourcefulness and devotion to duty made a distinct contribution to the welfare and morale of American prisoners of war Died as an American citizen in 1961 and is buried in Covington Kentucky Nicholas Daniel Danny Pociluyko US Army Air Corps Staff Sergeant Crew Chief 14th Bomber Squadron Was at Clark Airfield when bombed Dec 8 1941 then sent to Mindanao Dec 25 1941 to support military resistance Refused General Sharp s May 9 1942 order to surrender with Beverly Ben Farrens Lowell Bit Holder Bill Johnson John Spruill and 7 others Listed as missing for 18 months and within 10 months only 6 of the original 14 were still alive Later was joined by Donald Herb Wills who had jumped from POW ship and swam ashore In July 1942 in Kapai met civilian engineers Jordan Hamner and Athol Y Chick Smith then risked his life to provide a cover story to help them pass through the territory of a local Chief Fugitives 2001 by Bob Stahl Commissioned in the field to 2nd then 1st Lieutenant under Fertig Directed a radio station and was coast watcher on the Zamboanga peninsula at Dipolog and Illigan in the Lanao province moved about through Kapai Valley Discovered a deserted six thousand foot civilian airfield and directed Filipino troops under his command to renovate for landing of US planes known as Nick s Tower Was involved in several fire fights against Japanese attempts to take the airfield According to personal letters from Ben Farrens saved the lives of several pilots saved and repaired numerous planes helped aid escapees from Davao POW camp and rescued ship wrecked soldiers His accurate reports of Japanese ships were credited for US forces to sink or disabling of several enemy vessels Often met and was counseled by Jesuit priest Father J Edward Haggerty per Haggerty s letter to his family Returned to US in 1945 Retired in 1960 as Major Interred with full military honors at Arlington National Cemetery Ralph B Praeger US Army captain Commander Troop C 26th Cavalry Regiment Philippine Scouts that operated in northeastern Luzon 5 34 Operated a radio transmitter and formed a guerrilla force with two Lieutenants Thomas Jones and Warren A Minton that included his troop plus disbanded Philippine Army troops which then raided Japanese airfields at Tuguegarao Cagayan and Aparri 5 35 After the Fall of Bataan joined his force with Governor Marcelo Adduru s Cagayan Apayao Forces Northern Luzon Commander under Thorp 1 36 Captured in Apayao in July 1943 3 226 executed in Manila December 1944 34 Charles Putnam Mining engineer who received an emergency commission as a Captain and then recruited guerrillas in the Lingayen Gulf area 1 57 1 Edwin Price Ramsey US Army Lieutenant and guerrilla leader on Luzon of 13 000 14 000 men 1 226 Commanding a 27 man platoon mostly of G Troop of the 26th Cavalry Regiment Philippine Scouts 35 ordered the US Cavalry s last horse mounted charge 16 January 1942 in Morong Bataan 36 Commander of East Central Luzon Guerrilla Area Took over Thorp s region after the capture of Thorp and Barker which included Pierce Wade 1 56 111 Recipient of the Distinguished Service Cross and the Philippine Legion of Honor Ramsey was succeeded by Colonel Mario Pamintuan as Commander of guerrilla forces in northwest Pampanga 1 18 when Major Ramsey moved his central headquarters to the vicinity of Manila 1 63 37 38 39 40 41 42 Royal Reynolds Major Philippine Scouts US Army Commander 3rd Battalion Provisional Regiment of Philippine Scouts which operated in Zambales Mountains Iliff David Richardson US Navy ensign wartime US Army Major guerrilla intelligence officer in the Visayan Islands and Chief of Staff under guerrilla Colonel Ruperto Kangleon 43 Grafton Spencer Private commanded the 2nd Battalion of the 66th Infantry under Calvert but killed by the Japanese in April 1944 5 149 5 Jack Spies 26th Cavalry Regiment captain who joined Claude Thorp s Luzon Guerrilla Force as Commander of Southern Luzon 1 35 36 Killed by Japanese 1 Joseph St John One of Richardson s guerrilla radio operators on Leyte 43 170 44 Hugh Straughn US Army retired Colonel Organised Fil American Irregular Troops FAIT which operated in Rizal Executed by the Japanese August 1943 1 63 1 Herbert Swick Civilian gold mining engineer who evaded the Japanese and then joined the guerrillas in October 1942 Captured in early 1943 he escaped and joined the USAFIP NL in April 1943 45 553 45 Claude A Thorp US Army Lieutenant Colonel Provost Marshal Fort Stotsenburg 1 13 Assigned by MacArthur to conduct intelligence operations in the Zambales Mountains during the Battle of Bataan Formed Luzon Guerrilla Force after the fall of Bataan with his secretary and lover Herminia Dizon or Minang 1 14 Captured on 29 October 1942 30 km west of Tarlac Nom de guerre was Crabtree 3 68 72 134 along with his radioman Bill Brooks 1 54 Bayoneted to death by the Kempeitai at Manila North Cemetery on 2 October 1943 3 183 2 Carlyle Townswick Guerrilla on Mindanao 46 Russell William Volckmann US Army officer Philippine Commonwealth Army Regimental Officer in the Battle of Bataan Escaped through Japanese lines with Blackburn Became the Commander of United States Army Forces in the Philippines Northern Luzon with 22 000 men by the end of the war 1 226 He sought to bring the other guerrilla organizations on Luzon under his command but was resisted by other Commanders notably Robert Lapham 1 112 113 Korean War special operations officer Post war authored US Army field manuals on guerrilla warfare 47 With Aaron Bank and Wendell Fertig co founder of the US Army Special Forces 48 49 Everett Warner Major who operated a radio in Northern Luzon but surrendered 1 35 140 after the Fall of Corregidor 5 130 1 Notes Edit a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh Lapham R and Norling B 1996 Lapham s Raiders Lexington University Press of Kentucky ISBN 0813119499 a b c d Lapham R and Norling B 1996 Lapham s Raiders Lexington The University Press of Kentucky ISBN 0813119499 a b c d e f g h i j Harkins P 1956 Blackburn s Headhunters London Cassell amp Co LTD a b c d e f g h i Hunt Ray amp Bernard Norling 1986 Behind Japanese Lines An American Guerrilla in the Philippines University of Kentucky Press ISBN 0 8131 1604 X a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Volckmann Russell 1954 We Remained three years behind enemy lines in the Philippines New York W W Norton ISBN 9780393350227 a b c d e Mills S A 2009 Stranded in the Philippines Annapolis Naval Institute Press ISBN 9781591144977 Mills Scott Stranded in the Philippines Naval Institute Press 2009 Smith Steven Trent 2001 The Rescue a true story of courage and survival in World War II Hoboken New Jersey John Wiley ISBN 0 471 41291 0 ISBN 0 471 42351 3 Harkins Philip Blackburn s Headhunters New York W W Norton 1955 http www dixiestones net details php listing 28 a b c Schaefer Chris 2004 Bataan Diary Houston Riverview 2004 ISBN 0 9761084 0 2 William Bowen James Carrington Biography Archived from the original on 2015 03 17 Retrieved 2016 02 25 photo amp reunion video The Times Picayune Citation Welch Bob 2012 Resolve New York Berkley Caliber 2012 Cebu Guerrillas in WW 2 Archived 2013 03 08 at the Wayback Machine Maj Walter M Cushing Decker Malcolm On a Mountainside the 155th Provisional Guerrilla Battalion against the Japanese on Luzon Las Cruces New Mexico Yucca Tree Press 2004 ISBN 978 1881325741 a b c Hunt Ray amp Bernard Norling 1988 Behind Japanese Lines An American guerrilla in the Philippines Pocket Books ISBN 0 671 64960 4 Instituting a reign of terror and persecution Fenton engaged in a series of reckless and injudicious actions which alienated many of his officers On 15 September he was tried and executed and his command was reorganized Guerrilla Activities in the Philippines Archived 2016 01 31 at the Wayback Machine Mills Scott Stranded in the Philippines Professor Bell s private war against the Japanese Naval Institute Press 2009 ISBN 9781591144977 ISBN 9789711005191 Keats J 1963 They Fought Alone New York J B Lippincott Company Keats John They Fought Alone a true story of a modern American hero Philadelphia J B Lippincott 1963 Pocket Books 1965 Lukacs John 2010 Escape From Davao the forgotten story of the most daring prison break of the Pacific War New York Simon amp Schuster 2010 NAL Trade 2011 ISBN 0451234103 Hartendorp A V H 1967 The Japanese Occupation of the Philippines Volume 2 Bookmark Manila pages 589 593 Haggerty Edward Guerrilla Padre in Mindanao New York Longmans Green 1946 Hawkins Jack Never Say Die Philadelphia Dorrance 1961 Rudi Norman 2003 Lang the WWII story of an American guerrilla on Mindanao Philippine Islands McMillen 2003 ISBN 1 888223 52 9 A Choctaw Leads the Guerrillas Indians in the War 1945 Naval History and Heritage Command Mellnik Steve Philippine Diary 1939 1945 New York Van Nostrand Reinhold 1969 Panlilio Yay The Crucible New York Macmillan 1950 New Brunswick Rutgers 2010 Norling Intrepid Guerrillas of North Luzon ordered by General Wainwright to retake Morong from the Japanese It is not hyperbolic to contend that without the 26th s delaying actions on Luzon a textbook and innovative campaign studied in modern war colleges MacArthur might never have had the time to escape the Philippines Peter Stevens Official Website of Edwin Price Ramsey excerpts Stevens Peter 2011 The Twilight Riders the last charge of the 26th Cavalry Guilford Connecticut Lyons Globe Pequot Ramsey amp Rivele 1990 Lieutenant Ramsey s War New York Knightsbridge 1990 Washington DC Potomac 1990 Washington Brassey s 1996 Schaefer Chris 2004 Bataan Diary Houston Riverview 2004 Ongpauco Fidel Colonel Edwin Ramsey Great defender of Bataan in Bulletin Today 16 Mar 1982 a b Wolfert I 1945 American Guerrilla in the Philippines New York Simon and Schuster Leyte Calling a b Smith R R 2005 Triumph in the Philippines Honolulu University Press of the Pacific ISBN 1410224953 In 1971 Townswick received a heart transplant and was one of the first to undergo a successful procedure he died in 1978 Operations Against Guerrilla Forces and Organization and Conduct of Guerrilla Warfare Volckmann Russell We Remained Guardia Mike American Guerrilla Bibliography EditBataan Diary 1 Bataan Diary 121st Infantry Regiment 2 Breuer William MacArthur s Undercover War Hoboken New Jersey Castle 1995 Decker Malcolm From Bataan to Safety the rescue of 104 American soldiers in the Philippines McFarland 2008 ISBN 978 0786433964 Guardia Mike American Guerrilla the forgotten heroics of Russell W Volckmann Havertown Pennsylvania Newbury England Casemate 2010 ISBN 1935149547 ISBN 9781935149545 Guardia Mike Shadow Commander the epic story of Donald D Blackburn Havertown Pennsylvania Newbury England Casemate 2011 Guerrilla Activities in the Philippines 3 Archived 2016 01 31 at the Wayback Machine Guerrilla Days in North Luzon US Army Forces in the Philippines North Luzon 1946 Guerrilla Resistance Movement in Northern Luzon Quezon City Office of Military History Armed Forces of the Philippines Guerrillas in the Philippines 4 Harkins Philip Blackburn s Headhunters New York W W Norton 1955 Keats John They Fought Alone a true story of a modern American hero Philadelphia J B Lippincott 1963 Lapham Robert amp Bernard Norling 1996 Lapham s Raiders guerrillas in the Philippines 1942 1945 Lexington University Press of Kentucky Milligan Denny Lest We Forget the brave and honorable guerrillas and Philippine Scouts of WW II Mills Scott Stranded in the Philippines Professor Bell s private war against the Japanese Naval Institute Press 2009 ISBN 9781591144977 Norling Bernard 1999 The Intrepid Guerrillas of North Luzon Lexington University Press of Kentucky ISBN 0 8131 2118 3 Ramsey Edwin Price amp Stephen Rivele 1990 Lieutenant Ramsey s War from horse soldier to guerrilla commander New York Knightsbridge 1990 Washington DC Potomac Books 1990 Washington Brassey s 1996 ISBN 1 57488 052 7 Richardson Hal One Man War the Jock McLaren story Sydney Angus and Robertson 1957 Schaefer Chris Bataan Diary an American family in World War II 1941 1945 Houston Riverview Publishing 2004 ISBN 0 9761084 0 2 Schmidt Larry American Involvement in the Filipino Resistance Movement on Mindanao During the Japanese Occupation 1942 1945 MMAS thesis Fort Leavenworth Kansas US Army Command and General Staff College 1982 5 Segura Manuel Tabunan The Untold Exploits of the Famed Cebu Guerrillas in World War II Sinclair Peter Thomas Men of Destiny the American and Filipino guerrillas during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines School of Advanced Military Studies US Army 6 Special Operations in the Pacific 7 Spencer Louise Reid Guerrilla Wife New York Thomas Y Crowell 1945 St John Joseph Leyte Calling New York Vanguard 1945 Utinsky Margaret Miss U San Antonio Naylor 1948 Volckmann Russell William We Remained three years behind the enemy lines in the Philippines New York W W Norton 1954 Whitehead Arthur Kendal Odyssey of a Philippine Scout Bedford Pennsylvania Aberjona Aegis ISBN 0 9717650 4 9 Willoughby Charles Andrew The Guerrilla Resistance Movement in the Philippines 1941 1945 New York Vantage 1972 Wise William Secret Mission to the Philippines E P Dutton 1968 iUniverse 2001 ISBN 0 595 19809 0 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of American guerrillas in the Philippines amp oldid 1155328610, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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