Liberal Party of Australia (New South Wales Division)
The Liberal Party of Australia (New South Wales Division), commonly known as the New South Wales Liberals, is the state division of the Liberal Party of Australia in New South Wales. The party is currently in Opposition in New South Wales in a coalition with the National Party. The party is part of the federal Liberal Party which is in opposition nationally.
New South Wales Liberals | |
|---|---|
| Leader | Mark Speakman |
| Deputy Leader | TBD |
| President | Maria Kovacic |
| Founded | 4 January 1945 |
| Headquarters | 131 Macquarie Street, Sydney NSW 2000[1] |
| Student wing | Australian Liberal Students' Federation |
| Youth wing | Young Liberals |
| Women's wing | Liberal Women's Council |
| LGBT wing | Liberal Pride[2] |
| Membership (2020) | 11,906[a] |
| Ideology | |
| Political position | Centre-right |
| National affiliation | Federal Liberals |
| Legislative Assembly | 25 / 93 |
| Legislative Council | 10 / 42 |
| House of Representatives | 9 / 47 (NSW seats) |
| Senate | 5 / 12 (NSW seats) |
| Local Government | 184 / 1,480 |
| Website | |
| nsw | |
Following the Liberal Party's formation in October 1944, the NSW division of the Liberal Party was formed in January 1945. For the following months, the Democratic Party and Liberal Democratic Party joined the Liberal Party and were replaced by the new party's NSW division.
In the 74 years since its foundation the party has won eight state elections to the Labor Party's 13, and has spent 27 years in office (1965 to 1976, 1988 to 1995 and 2011 to 2023) to Labor's 46. Eight leaders have become Premier of New South Wales; of those, five, Sir Robert Askin, Nick Greiner, Barry O'Farrell, Mike Baird and Gladys Berejiklian, have won at least one state election.
History
Background
After the 1943 federal election, the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), United Australia Party (UAP) and Commonwealth Party began discussions on a merger to form a new party, proposed to be also named Democratic Party. The Liberal Democratic Party (NSW) were new parties formed a few months prior in April and May 1943 respectively. By November 1943, discussions were almost completed and unity was likely.[6] The County Party refused to join in the merger but expressed they would co-operate with the new party.[7] However, during the unity conference on 24 November 1943, the LDP walked out of the conference as they were not willing to support retaining the secretary of the UAP, H. W. Horsfield, as the secretary of the new party, as well as retaining members of his staff.[8][9] Instead, during the same conference, the Commonwealth Party and the New South Wales Democratic Party.[10] As such, LDP remained a separate party to the Democratic Party.
The initial leader of the Democratic Party was the former premier Alexander Mair,[11] but he resigned on 2 February 1944 and was replaced by Reginald Weaver on 10 February.[12][9]
In the lead up to the 1944 state election in May, the LDP party generated publicity disproportionate to its size and the Sydney Morning Herald commented that the Liberal Democratic Party was "a mouse" attempting to "swallow the Democratic Party lion".[13] At the election, the Democratic Party led by Weaver won 19% of the vote and 12 of the 90 seats in the Legislative Assembly. However, the LDP received less than 4% of the primary vote and did not win a seat.
Horsfield, the secretary of the Democratic Party, resigned on 26 July 1944, paving the way for a LDP-Democratic merger again.[9] In August 1944, the LDP, still led by Ernest White, initially agreed to merge with the Democratic Party and the new party to be known as the United Democratic Party.[14] However, two days after federal UAP leader Robert Menzies announced that he was planning to set up a new "political movement with a Liberal policy" at an October conference, negotiations between LDP and Democratic Party broke down and the party merger did not take place.[9]
Founding of Liberal Party
In October 1944, Menzies founded the Liberal Party of Australia during a conference in Canberra as announced in August, attended by LDP and Democratic Party delegates.[15] The New South Wales division of the Liberal Party was formed on 4 January 1945 with a provisional executive appointed, consisting of 20 LDP and Democratic Party members including White, Weaver and Bill Spooner.[16] Spooner, who was nominated by the LDP, was appointed as the first chairman on 9 January.[17]
The LDP was willing to support the formation of the Liberal Party and dissolved itself on 15 January 1945, officially joining the Liberal Party.[18] The Democratic Party also supported the formation but held off dissolution until a state branch of the Liberal Party had been fully constituted.[19] Weaver and parliamentary members of the Democratic Party were dissatisfied with the Liberal Party executive's attitude towards Democratic Party members and supporters, with Weaver tendering his resignation from the provisional council of the state Liberal Party in February 1945.[20] However, he withdrew his resignation in March 1945, and announced that all Democratic Party parliamentary members would join the Liberal Party.[21]
In the 1945 Ryde state by-election in February, Liberal member Eric Hearnshaw was elected to the New South Wales parliament. As Democratic Party parliamentary members including Weaver at that time had not yet joined the Liberal Party, this made Hearnshaw the first Liberal Party member in the New South Wales parliament.[22] Weaver and other Democratic parliamentary members finally joined the Liberal Party on 20 April 1945, with Weaver becoming the first parliamentary leader of the NSW Liberal Party.[23] On the same day, Albert Reid, independent member for Manly and a former UAP member, also joined the Liberal Party. This brought the total number of Liberal Party legislative assembly members to 14.[24]
Weaver died later in the year in November and he was succeeded by Mair as NSW Liberal Party leader. Mair resigned four months later in March 1946 to contest the Australian Senate, and was succeeded by Vernon Treatt as party leader. Treatt led the Liberal Party opposition in the state parliament for the next eight years.
Present of the Liberal Party
The Liberal/National Coalition won a landslide victory in the 2011 state election, with the Liberal Party winning 51 of the 93 lower house seats, enough for a majority in its own right. Liberal leader Barry O'Farrell opted to retain the Coalition. The coalition has since governed New South Wales under Liberal leaders Mike Baird, Gladys Berejiklian and Dominic Perrottet, the former two winning the 2015 state election and 2019 state election respectively. The 2019 election was significant as it was the first time that the Coalition won a third consecutive term in office in New South Wales since the 1971 state election. It was also the first that a female leader (Gladys Berejiklian) led a party to a state election victory in New South Wales, and the first time a non-Labor female leader won a state election in Australia. She stepped down on 5 October 2021 and was replaced as party leader and Premier by Perrottet.
Preselection procedures
In 2018, the NSW Liberal Party agreed to adopt new rules for preselecting candidates, which were championed by former Prime Minister and incumbent Liberal member of Warringah Tony Abbott and the right wing of the party. The rules, known as Warringah rules, gave local branches the right to hold plebiscites involving all eligible branch members to choose local, state and federal candidates. The party's state executive and the state council would still get 25% of the votes. It was reported that the right faction pushed for the rules as it believed members were more conservative than the state executive which were controlled by moderate members of the party.[25]
2022 federal election
On 30 November 2021, the party was unable to hold its scheduled annual general meeting (AGM) to select members of the state executive due to complications from COVID-19.[26] Minister Alex Hawke, who was the representative of federal party leader and Prime Minister Scott Morrison, also allegedly failed to attend internal Liberal Party nomination review committee meetings.
Not holding an AGM could constitute a breach in the party constitution, which meant that the state executive could not continue in office after 28 February 2022, and this would mean that the federal executive would have to step in to choose New South Wales candidates for 2022 federal election, due in May 2022. The Supreme Court of New South Wales ruled that the state executive could still continue after this date.[27] On 2 March 2022, the state executive tried to fast-track pre-selection plebiscites in seats that did not have candidates finalised, by overriding the constitutional requirements for plebiscites with special powers. However, this did not attain the required 90% state executive support to do so.[28][29][25] On 4 March, the federal executive voted to temporarily dissolve the state party and a committee was set up to take over the management of the state party until 8 March, "in accordance with clause 12.3 of the federal constitution of the Liberal Party". The committee, made up of Morrison, Perrottet, and former party president Chris McDiven, had direct control in endorsing candidates without preselection challenges.[30][31] The committee confirmed the pre-selection of three incumbent federal members of parliament, two of whom were ministers on 8 March.[32] The federal executive also gave the state party until 25 March 2022 to finalise candidates in other federal seats. While the Senate candidates could be finalised, the state party was still unable to do so for a number of seats by 27 March 2022. As a result, on that day, the federal executive voted to temporarily dissolve the state party for the second time and appointed the same Morrison-led committee to preselect candidates in other remaining unfinalised seats until 2 April.[33] Pre-selection ballots intended to be held for these seats in the coming week were all cancelled.
Members who opposed overriding local branch preselection include Sydney businessman Matthew Camenzuli, who was a member of the state executive. As of 30 March 2022[update], these members have brought the matter to court, seeking to challenge the legitimacy of the committee's preselection of the three incumbent members of parliament on 8 March 2022 and nine other candidates on 2 April 2022.[25] Morrison and Perrottet have urged them to take the matter to the High Court of Australia instead so that the result cannot be appealed further. On 5 April, the New South Wales Court of Appeal ruled that the court had no jurisdiction to make decisions relating to the constitutions of political parties, thereby ruling the preselection of the 12 candidates valid.[34] Camenzuli brought the matter further to High Court for appeal but it was dismissed on 8 April.[35] Camenzuli was also expelled from the party.[36]
Parliamentary party leaders
| Leader of the Liberal Party | |
|---|---|
| Inaugural holder | Reginald Weaver |
| Formation | 20 April 1945 |
| Deputy | TBD |
The position of leader of the Liberal Party of Australia New South Wales Division is a formal role held by a Liberal member of the Parliament of New South Wales. As the Liberal Party has, since its foundation in 1945, been either the largest or second largest party in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, its leader is usually either the Premier or the Leader of the Opposition, depending on the majority or minority respectively of the party. The current leader of the Liberal Party is Dominic Perrottet, and the deputy leader is Stuart Ayres. Both have served in those roles since 5 October 2021. Perrottet was Premier of New South Wales from 5 October 2021 until his party’s election defeat in 2023, after Berejiklian announced on 1 October 2021 that she would be resigning from the post as well as from the parliament.[37]
The role is selected by state members of the parliamentary party, but the position is non-fixed in duration, and is usually only vacated upon resignation, retirement from politics, or a spill motion with the support of the majority of the parliamentary members.
The leader only has a role in a parliamentary context; the party division as a whole is governed by a President and Vice-Presidents, who act on the advice of the party division's Director and Deputy Directors. The division also gathers annually at a State Conference to vote on and develop policy to be used by the party's elected representatives. The majority of the twenty Liberal Leaders resigned after losing elections or were deposed by other parliamentary members.
| # | Party leader[38][39] | Assumed office[40] | Left office[40] | Premier | Reason for departure | Time in office |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Reginald Weaver | 20 April 1945 | 12 November 1945 | Died in office | 206 days | |
| 2 | Alexander Mair | 13 November 1945 | 20 March 1946 | 1939–1941 | Resigned; Premier under UAP | 127 days |
| 3 | Sir Vernon Treatt | 20 March 1946 | 10 August 1954 | Resigned | 8 years, 143 days | |
| 4 | Murray Robson | 17 August 1954 | 20 September 1955 | Deposed | 1 year, 34 days | |
| 5 | Pat Morton | 20 September 1955 | 17 July 1959 | Deposed | 3 years, 300 days | |
| 6 | Sir Robert Askin | 17 July 1959 | 3 January 1975 | 1965–1975 | Retired | 15 years, 170 days |
| 7 | Tom Lewis | 3 January 1975 | 23 January 1976 | 1975–1976 | Deposed | 1 year, 20 days |
| 8 | Sir Eric Willis | 23 January 1976 | 16 December 1977 | 1976 | Resigned | 1 year, 327 days |
| 9 | Peter Coleman | 16 December 1977 | 7 October 1978 | Lost seat at 1978 election | 295 days | |
| 10 | John Mason | 24 October 1978 | 29 May 1981 | Deposed | 2 years, 217 days | |
| 11 | Bruce McDonald | 1 June 1981 | 12 October 1981 | Lost seat at 1981 election | 133 days | |
| 12 | John Dowd | 20 October 1981 | 15 March 1983 | Resigned | 1 year, 146 days | |
| 13 | Nick Greiner | 15 March 1983 | 24 June 1992 | 1988–1992 | Resigned due to an ICAC investigation and prior to a no confidence motion | 9 years, 101 days |
| 14 | John Fahey | 24 June 1992 | 4 April 1995 | 1992–1995 | Resigned following 1995 election | 2 years, 284 days |
| 15 | Peter Collins | 4 April 1995 | 7 December 1998 | Deposed | 3 years, 247 days | |
| 16 | Kerry Chikarovski | 7 December 1998 | 28 March 2002 | Deposed | 3 years, 111 days | |
| 17 | John Brogden | 28 March 2002 | 29 August 2005 | Resigned | 3 years, 154 days | |
| 18 | Peter Debnam | 1 September 2005 | 4 April 2007 | Resigned following 2007 election | 1 year, 218 days | |
| 19 | Barry O'Farrell | 4 April 2007 | 16 April 2014 | 2011–2014 | Resigned due to an ICAC investigation | 7 years, 9 days |
| 20 | Mike Baird | 17 April 2014 | 23 January 2017 | 2014–2017 | Retired | 2 years, 282 days |
| 21 | Gladys Berejiklian | 23 January 2017 | 5 October 2021 | 2017–2021 | Resigned due to an ICAC investigation | 4 years, 255 days |
| 22 | Dominic Perrottet | 5 October 2021 | 25 March 2023 | 2021–2023 | Has announced intention to resign following the 2023 New South Wales state election | 1 year, 171 days |
| 23 | Mark Speakman | 21 April 2023 | present | 16 days |
Deputy leaders
| Party Leader | Start of Term | End of Term |
|---|---|---|
| Athol Richardson | 1945 | 1945 |
| Vernon Treatt | 1946 | 1946 |
| Walter Howarth | 1946 | 1954 |
| Robert Askin | 1954 | 1959 |
| Eric Willis | 1959 | 1975 |
| John Maddison | 1975 | 1977 |
| John Mason | 1977 | 1978 |
| Bruce McDonald | 1978 | 1981 |
| Jim Cameron | 1981 | 1981 |
| Kevin Rozzoli | 1981 | 1983 |
| Rosemary Foot | 1983 | 1986 |
| Peter Collins | 1986 | 1992 |
| Bruce Baird | 1992 | 1994 |
| Kerry Chikarovski | 1994 | 1995 |
| Ron Phillips | 1995 | 1999 |
| Barry O'Farrell | 1999 | 2002 |
| Chris Hartcher | 2002 | 2003 |
| Barry O'Farrell | 2003 | 2007 |
| Jillian Skinner | 2007 | 2014 |
| Gladys Berejiklian | 2014 | 2017 |
| Dominic Perrottet | 2017 | 2021 |
| Stuart Ayres | 2021 | 2022 |
| Matt Kean | 2022 | 2023 |
Election results
| Election | Seats won | ± | Total votes | % | Position | Leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1947 | 18 / 90 | 6 | 470,485 | 29.60% | Opposition | Vernon Treatt |
| 1950 | 29 / 94 | 11 | 604,428 | 37.51% | Opposition | Vernon Treatt |
| 1953 | 22 / 94 | 9 | 432,739 | 27.94% | Opposition | Vernon Treatt |
| 1956 | 27 / 94 | 5 | 594,740 | 35.11% | Opposition | Pat Morton |
| 1959 | 28 / 94 | 1 | 603,718 | 35.35% | Opposition | Pat Morton |
| 1962 | 25 / 94 | 3 | 671,716 | 34.85% | Opposition | Bob Askin |
| 1965 | 31 / 94 | 6 | 807,868 | 39.59% | Minority Coalition | Bob Askin |
| 1968 | 39 / 94 | 4 | 831,514 | 38.47% | Coalition | Bob Askin |
| 1971 | 32 / 96 | 7 | 799,801 | 35.74% | Coalition | Bob Askin |
| 1973 | 34 / 99 | 2 | 843,325 | 33.85% | Coalition | Bob Askin |
| 1976 | 30 / 99 | 4 | 978,886 | 36.29% | Opposition | Eric Willis |
| 1978 | 18 / 99 | 12 | 754,796 | 26.98% | Opposition | Peter Coleman |
| 1981 | 14 / 99 | 4 | 775,463 | 27.62% | Opposition | Bruce McDonald |
| 1984 | 22 / 99 | 8 | 967,395 | 32.17% | Opposition | Nick Greiner |
| 1988 | 39 / 109 | 17 | 1,147,613 | 35.80% | Coalition | Nick Greiner |
| 1991 | 32 / 99 | 7 | 1,053,100 | 34.16% | Minority Coalition | Nick Greiner |
| 1995 | 29 / 99 | 3 | 1,121,190 | 32.84% | Opposition | John Fahey |
| 1999 | 20 / 93 | 9 | 927,368 | 24.82% | Opposition | Kerry Chikarovski |
| 2003 | 20 / 93 | 0 | 944,888 | 24.72% | Opposition | John Brogden |
| 2007 | 22 / 93 | 2 | 1,061,269 | 26.94% | Opposition | Peter Debnam |
| 2011 | 51 / 93 | 29 | 1,602,457 | 38.58% | Coalition | Barry O'Farrell |
| 2015 | 37 / 93 | 14 | 1,545,168 | 35.08% | Coalition | Mike Baird |
| 2019 | 35 / 93 | 2 | 1,456,010 | 31.99% | Coalition | Gladys Berejiklian |
| 2023 | 25 / 93 | 10 | 1,259,253 | 26.78% | Opposition | Dominic Perrottet |
See also
Notes
- ^ The party's figures from 2019 are allegedly 17,560, according to the Sydney Morning Herald.[3] In 2021 it was reported by Crikey, citing supplied figures from the Grattan Institute, that the party's membership was numbered at 11,906, as of 2020.[4] The total membership figures of the Liberal–National Coalition in New South Wales are 14,942 as of 2020.
References
- ^ "State Register of Parties". Elections NSW. New South Wales Electoral Commission. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
- ^ https://www.LiberalPride.net.au[bare URL]
- ^ Hannam, Peter (4 October 2020). "'Shocked': quarter of Nationals members quit since coming to power". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
- ^ Hardaker, David (30 July 2021). "National party membership tumbles in NSW, Greens now have more". Crikey. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
- ^ Nicole A. Thomas; Tobias Loetscher; Danielle Clode; Mike Nicholls (2012). "Right-Wing Politicians Prefer the Emotional Left". PLOS ONE. 7 (5): 4. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...736552T. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.270.2043. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036552. PMC 3342249. PMID 22567166.
The Liberal Party of Australia has an ideology in line with liberal conservatism and is therefore right of centre.
- ^ "U.A.P. Dissolved - New Body In N.S.W." The West Australian. 9 November 1943. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ "Agreement Reached by 3 Non-Labor Parties - C.P. Gives Support, Preserves Identity". The Daily Telegraph. 5 November 1943. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ "L.D. Delegates Walked Out". The Herald. 24 November 1943. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ a b c d "Labor Haters Won't Talk "Unity" With Menzies At Helm". Worker. 4 September 1944. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
- ^ ""Democratic Party" Formed". Sydney Morning Herald. 25 November 1943. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ "Democratic Party". The Mercury. 10 December 1943. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ "Mr Mair resigns". Sydney Morning Herald 10 February 1944 p4. Australian National Library. 10 February 1944. Retrieved 11 January 2009.
- ^ "Election prospects: Discord in opposition". Sydney Morning Herald 24 May 1944 p2. Australian National Library. 24 May 1944. Retrieved 11 January 2009.
- ^ "Parties will unite". Sydney Morning Herald 26 August 1944 p4. Australian National Library. 26 August 1944. Retrieved 11 January 2009.
- ^ "Forming the Liberal Party of Australia - Record of the Conference of Representatives of Non-Labor Organisations" (PDF). 16 October 1944. (PDF) from the original on 27 November 2019. Retrieved 27 November 2019.
- ^ "Executives Elected By Liberals". The Daily Telegraph. 5 January 1945. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
- ^ "Mr. W. H. Spooner Elected Chairman Liberal Party". The Dubbo Liberal and Macquarie Advocate. 9 January 1945. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
- ^ "Liberal Democratic Party dissolved". Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate. 16 January 1945. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
- ^ "Democratic Party". Barrier Miner. 16 January 1945. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
- ^ "Why Mr. Weaver Resigned". Sydney Morning Herald. 7 March 1945. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
- ^ "Mr. Weaver to Remain in Liberal Party". Sydney Morning Herald. 6 March 1945. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
- ^ "The first Liberal for 30 years". The Sun. 11 February 1945. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
- ^ "Liberal Party - Parliamentary Section Formed". National Advocate. 21 April 1945. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
- ^ "Change of Name for Parlt. Party". The Daily Telegraph. 21 April 1945. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
- ^ a b c "NSW Liberal preselection crisis: why Morrison and Perrottet want to rush case to high court". The Guardian. 30 March 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
- ^ "Court asked to rule in long-running Liberal Party power struggle over who gets to choose candidates in NSW seats". ABC News. 24 February 2022.
- ^ "Court settles stoush between Liberal Party NSW and federal executives". ABC News. 25 February 2022.
- ^ "NSW Liberals to consider fresh preselection plan to avoid federal intervention". The Guardian. 2 March 2022.
- ^ "Preselection peace deal blocked by NSW Liberals executive but could form basis of federal intervention". The Guardian. 2 March 2022.
- ^ "Federal Liberals step in over NSW stoush". 7News. 4 March 2022.
- ^ "Federal arm of Liberal Party takes over NSW branch for not complying with preselection rules". Canberra Times. 4 March 2022.
- ^ "PM avoids minister pre-selection stoush". 7News. 8 March 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
- ^ "Scott Morrison, Dominic Perrottet and Christine McDiven take over NSW Liberals branch for second time in a month". Canberra Times. 27 March 2022.
- ^ "Scott Morrison's court win as appeal against NSW Liberal pre-selections dismissed". ABC News. 5 April 2022.
- ^ "High Court throws out challenge to NSW Liberal preselections, clearing way for Prime Minister to call federal election". ABC News. 8 April 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
- ^ "Liberal preselection challenger kicked out of party due to court case". Sydney Morning Herald. 7 April 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
- ^ "Gladys Berejiklian RESIGNS as NSW Premier: 'I had no option'". Yahoo! News. 1 October 2021. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
- ^ "Leaders of the NSW Liberal Party". Parliament of New South Wales. from the original on 2 December 2019. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
- ^ Liberal Party of Australia (New South Wales Division) (2009). "Leaders of the Liberal Party – Past and Present". Archived from the original on 20 July 2008. Retrieved 29 October 2009.
- ^ a b Parliament of New South Wales. "Former Members Index A-Z". Retrieved 20 September 2019.