fbpx
Wikipedia

Lev Kopelev

January 01, 1970

Lev Zalmanovich (Zinovyevich) Kopelev (Russian: Лев Залма́нович (Зино́вьевич) Ко́пелев, German: Lew Sinowjewitsch Kopelew, 9 April 1912 – 18 June 1997) was a Soviet author and dissident.

Lev Kopelev
Лев Копелев
Kopelev in the 1980s
Born(1912-04-09)April 9, 1912
Kyiv, Russian Empire (modern Ukraine)
DiedJune 18, 1997(1997-06-18) (aged 85)
Cologne, Germany
CitizenshipSoviet Union
Germany[1]
Alma materNational University of Kharkiv, Moscow State Pedagogical Institute of Foreign Languages
Occupationauthor
Movementdissident movement in the Soviet Union
SpouseRaisa Orlova

Early life edit

Kopelev was born in Kyiv, then Russian Empire, to a middle-class Jewish family. In 1926, his family moved to Kharkiv. While a student at Kharkiv State University's philosophy faculty, Kopelev began writing in Russian and Ukrainian languages; some of his articles were published in the Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper.

An idealist communist and active party member, he was first arrested in March 1929 for "consorting with the Bukharinist and Trotskyist opposition," and spent ten days in prison.

Career edit

Later, he worked as an editor of radio news broadcasts at a locomotive factory. In 1932, as a correspondent, Kopelev witnessed the NKVD's forced grain requisitioning and the dekulakization. Later, he described the Holodomor in his memoir The Education of a True Believer. Robert Conquest's The Harvest of Sorrow later quoted him directly (see also Collectivisation in the USSR).

He graduated from the Moscow State Institute of Foreign Languages in 1935 in the German language faculty, and, after 1938, he taught at the Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History where he earned a PhD.

When the German–Soviet War broke out in June 1941, he volunteered for the Red Army and used his knowledge of German to serve as a propaganda officer and an interpreter. He was tasked with subverting and indoctrinating Germans, and on one occasion persuaded the German garrison of Graudenz (Grudziądz) to mutiny.[2] When he entered East Prussia with the Red Army throughout the East Prussian Offensive, he sharply criticized the atrocities against the German civilian population and was arrested in 1945 and sentenced to a ten-year term in the Gulag for fostering "bourgeois humanism" and for "compassion towards the enemy". In the sharashka Marfino he met Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn. Kopelev became a prototype for Rubin from The First Circle.

He was released in 1954 and in 1956 was rehabilitated. Still an optimist and believer in the ideals of communism, during the Khrushchev Thaw he restored his Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) membership. From 1957 to 1969 he taught in the Moscow Institute of Polygraphy and the Institute of History of Arts. It was Kopelev who approached Aleksandr Tvardovsky, editor of the top Soviet literary journal, the Novy Mir (New World) to urge publication of Solzhenitsyn's One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich.

From 1968 onward Kopelev actively participated in the human rights and dissident movement. In 1968 he was fired from his job and expelled from the CPSU and the Writers' Union for signing protest letters against the persecution of dissidents, publicly supporting Andrei Sinyavsky and Yuli Daniel and actively denouncing the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia. He also protested Solzhenitsyn's expulsion from the Writers' Union and wrote in defense of dissenting General Pyotr Grigorenko, imprisoned at a psikhushka.

Kopelev's books were distributed via samizdat (underground publishing), smuggled out of Russia and published in the West.

For his political activism and contacts with the West, he was deprived of the right to teach or be published in 1977.

Germany edit

 
Lev Kopelev (Amsterdam, 1980)

As a scientist, Kopelev led a research project on the history of Russian-German cultural links at the University of Wuppertal. In 1980, while he was on a study trip to West Germany, his Soviet citizenship was revoked. After 1981 Kopelev was a professor at the University of Wuppertal.

Kopelev was an honorary PhD at the University of Cologne and a winner of many international awards. In 1990 Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev restored his Soviet citizenship.

Personal life edit

Kopelev was married for many years to Raisa Orlova, a Soviet specialist in American literature, who emigrated with him to Germany. Her memoirs were published in the United States in 1984.

Death edit

Lev Kopelev died in Cologne, Germany on 18 June 1997 at the age of 85, and was buried in the New Donskoy Cemetery in Moscow.

References edit

  1. ^ New York Times Obituary 20 June 1997
  2. ^ Dobson, Christopher; Miller, John; Payne, Ronald (1980). The Cruellest Night. London: Arrow Books. p. 17.
  • Lev Kopelev. Open letter to Solzhenitsyn. Magazine "Syntax" № 37 (in Russian)

Bibliography edit

Books
  • We lived in Moscow (Мы жили в Москве), 1974
  • The Education of a True Believer, lit. And madest thyself an idol ("И сотворил себе кумира"), 1976
  • To Be Preserved Forever ("Хранить вечно"), 1976
  • Ease My Sorrows: A Memoir, lit. nourish my sorrows ("Утоли моя печали"), 1981
  • No jail for thought, lit. about truth and tolerance ("О правде и терпимости"), 1982
  • Holy Doctor Fyodor Petrovich ("Святой доктор Федор Петрович"), 1985
Articles
  • Kopelew, Lew (April 21, 1972). "Rilke in Rußland : Die Wechselbeziehungen zwischen russischer und deutscher Literatur sind jahrhundertealt" [Rilke in Russia: the interrelations between Russian and German literature are centuries old]. Die Zeit (in German).
  • Kopelev, Lev (1977). "The lie can be defeated only by truth". In Meerson-Aksenov, Michail; Shragin, Boris (eds.). The political, social, and religious thought of Russian "samizdat" – an anthology. Belmont, MA: Nordland Publishing Company. p. 327. ISBN 0913124133.
  • Kopelev, Lev (2013) [1978]. Памяти Александра Галича [In commemoration of Alexander Galich]. Kontinent (in Russian). 151.
  • Kopelew, Lew (January 26, 1981). "Die Polen sind ein großartiges Volk : Der ausgebürgerte Sowjet-Schriftsteller Lew Kopelew über Dissidenten, die Sowjet-Union und Polen" [The Poles are a great people: the expatriate Soviet writer Lev Kopelew about dissidents, the Soviet Union and Poland]. Der Spiegel (in German): 112.
  • Orlowa, Raissa; Kopelew, Lew (May 28, 1982). "Die Erinnerungen Pjotr Grigorenkos : Der Hauptheld ist die Wahrheit" [Memoirs by Pyotr Grigorenko: the main hero is the truth]. Die Zeit (in German).

Further reading edit

  • Гофман, Ефим (2012). Лев Копелев: фронтовик, писатель, ученый, гражданин. Международная научная конференция [Lev Kopelev: soldier, writer, scientist and citizen. International Scientific Conference]. Znamya (in Russian) (8).
  • "Lew Kopelew unter Druck" [Lew Kopelew under pressure]. Die Zeit (in German). February 8, 1980.
  • "Lew Sinowjewitsch Kopelew". Der Spiegel (in German): 112. January 26, 1981.
  • "Offener Brief von Willy Brandt an Lew Kopelew" [Open letter from Willy Brandt to Lew Kopelew]. Die Zeit (in German). January 30, 1981.
  • Applebaum, Anne (2011). "Lev Kopelev". Gulag voices: an anthology. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 125–142. ISBN 978-0300153200.
  • Drommert, Rene Von (June 9, 1989). "Zum Tode von Raissa Orlowa-Kopelew: Weltempfinden" [On the death of Raisa Orlova-Kopelev: world feeling]. Die Zeit (in German).

January 01, 1970
kopelev, zalmanovich, zinovyevich, kopelev, russian, Лев, Залма, нович, Зино, вьевич, Ко, пелев, german, sinowjewitsch, kopelew, april, 1912, june, 1997, soviet, author, dissident, Лев, Копелевkopelev, 1980sborn, 1912, april, 1912kyiv, russian, empire, modern,. Lev Zalmanovich Zinovyevich Kopelev Russian Lev Zalma novich Zino vevich Ko pelev German Lew Sinowjewitsch Kopelew 9 April 1912 18 June 1997 was a Soviet author and dissident Lev KopelevLev KopelevKopelev in the 1980sBorn 1912 04 09 April 9 1912Kyiv Russian Empire modern Ukraine DiedJune 18 1997 1997 06 18 aged 85 Cologne GermanyCitizenshipSoviet UnionGermany 1 Alma materNational University of Kharkiv Moscow State Pedagogical Institute of Foreign LanguagesOccupationauthorMovementdissident movement in the Soviet UnionSpouseRaisa Orlova Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 3 Germany 4 Personal life 5 Death 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 Further readingEarly life editKopelev was born in Kyiv then Russian Empire to a middle class Jewish family In 1926 his family moved to Kharkiv While a student at Kharkiv State University s philosophy faculty Kopelev began writing in Russian and Ukrainian languages some of his articles were published in the Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper An idealist communist and active party member he was first arrested in March 1929 for consorting with the Bukharinist and Trotskyist opposition and spent ten days in prison Career editLater he worked as an editor of radio news broadcasts at a locomotive factory In 1932 as a correspondent Kopelev witnessed the NKVD s forced grain requisitioning and the dekulakization Later he described the Holodomor in his memoir The Education of a True Believer Robert Conquest s The Harvest of Sorrow later quoted him directly see also Collectivisation in the USSR He graduated from the Moscow State Institute of Foreign Languages in 1935 in the German language faculty and after 1938 he taught at the Moscow Institute of Philosophy Literature and History where he earned a PhD When the German Soviet War broke out in June 1941 he volunteered for the Red Army and used his knowledge of German to serve as a propaganda officer and an interpreter He was tasked with subverting and indoctrinating Germans and on one occasion persuaded the German garrison of Graudenz Grudziadz to mutiny 2 When he entered East Prussia with the Red Army throughout the East Prussian Offensive he sharply criticized the atrocities against the German civilian population and was arrested in 1945 and sentenced to a ten year term in the Gulag for fostering bourgeois humanism and for compassion towards the enemy In the sharashka Marfino he met Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn Kopelev became a prototype for Rubin from The First Circle He was released in 1954 and in 1956 was rehabilitated Still an optimist and believer in the ideals of communism during the Khrushchev Thaw he restored his Communist Party of the Soviet Union CPSU membership From 1957 to 1969 he taught in the Moscow Institute of Polygraphy and the Institute of History of Arts It was Kopelev who approached Aleksandr Tvardovsky editor of the top Soviet literary journal the Novy Mir New World to urge publication of Solzhenitsyn s One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich From 1968 onward Kopelev actively participated in the human rights and dissident movement In 1968 he was fired from his job and expelled from the CPSU and the Writers Union for signing protest letters against the persecution of dissidents publicly supporting Andrei Sinyavsky and Yuli Daniel and actively denouncing the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia He also protested Solzhenitsyn s expulsion from the Writers Union and wrote in defense of dissenting General Pyotr Grigorenko imprisoned at a psikhushka Kopelev s books were distributed via samizdat underground publishing smuggled out of Russia and published in the West For his political activism and contacts with the West he was deprived of the right to teach or be published in 1977 Germany edit nbsp Lev Kopelev Amsterdam 1980 As a scientist Kopelev led a research project on the history of Russian German cultural links at the University of Wuppertal In 1980 while he was on a study trip to West Germany his Soviet citizenship was revoked After 1981 Kopelev was a professor at the University of Wuppertal Kopelev was an honorary PhD at the University of Cologne and a winner of many international awards In 1990 Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev restored his Soviet citizenship Personal life editKopelev was married for many years to Raisa Orlova a Soviet specialist in American literature who emigrated with him to Germany Her memoirs were published in the United States in 1984 Death editLev Kopelev died in Cologne Germany on 18 June 1997 at the age of 85 and was buried in the New Donskoy Cemetery in Moscow References edit New York Times Obituary 20 June 1997 Dobson Christopher Miller John Payne Ronald 1980 The Cruellest Night London Arrow Books p 17 Lev Kopelev Open letter to Solzhenitsyn Magazine Syntax 37 in Russian Bibliography editBooks We lived in Moscow My zhili v Moskve 1974 The Education of a True Believer lit And madest thyself an idol I sotvoril sebe kumira 1976 To Be Preserved Forever Hranit vechno 1976 Ease My Sorrows A Memoir lit nourish my sorrows Utoli moya pechali 1981 No jail for thought lit about truth and tolerance O pravde i terpimosti 1982 Holy Doctor Fyodor Petrovich Svyatoj doktor Fedor Petrovich 1985 Articles Kopelew Lew April 21 1972 Rilke in Russland Die Wechselbeziehungen zwischen russischer und deutscher Literatur sind jahrhundertealt Rilke in Russia the interrelations between Russian and German literature are centuries old Die Zeit in German Kopelev Lev 1977 The lie can be defeated only by truth In Meerson Aksenov Michail Shragin Boris eds The political social and religious thought of Russian samizdat an anthology Belmont MA Nordland Publishing Company p 327 ISBN 0913124133 Kopelev Lev 2013 1978 Pamyati Aleksandra Galicha In commemoration of Alexander Galich Kontinent in Russian 151 Kopelew Lew January 26 1981 Die Polen sind ein grossartiges Volk Der ausgeburgerte Sowjet Schriftsteller Lew Kopelew uber Dissidenten die Sowjet Union und Polen The Poles are a great people the expatriate Soviet writer Lev Kopelew about dissidents the Soviet Union and Poland Der Spiegel in German 112 Orlowa Raissa Kopelew Lew May 28 1982 Die Erinnerungen Pjotr Grigorenkos Der Hauptheld ist die Wahrheit Memoirs by Pyotr Grigorenko the main hero is the truth Die Zeit in German Further reading editGofman Efim 2012 Lev Kopelev frontovik pisatel uchenyj grazhdanin Mezhdunarodnaya nauchnaya konferenciya Lev Kopelev soldier writer scientist and citizen International Scientific Conference Znamya in Russian 8 Lew Kopelew unter Druck Lew Kopelew under pressure Die Zeit in German February 8 1980 Lew Sinowjewitsch Kopelew Der Spiegel in German 112 January 26 1981 Offener Brief von Willy Brandt an Lew Kopelew Open letter from Willy Brandt to Lew Kopelew Die Zeit in German January 30 1981 Applebaum Anne 2011 Lev Kopelev Gulag voices an anthology New Haven Yale University Press pp 125 142 ISBN 978 0300153200 Drommert Rene Von June 9 1989 Zum Tode von Raissa Orlowa Kopelew Weltempfinden On the death of Raisa Orlova Kopelev world feeling Die Zeit in German Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lev Kopelev amp oldid 1219646583, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.