You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Swedish. (March 2010) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
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You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Swedish Wikipedia article at [[:sv:Lövstabruk]]; see its history for attribution.
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Lövstabruk[2] is a village on a common in the parish of Österlövsta, Tierp Municipality, Uppsala County, Sweden. In 2010 it had a population of 96,[1] compared to some 1300 at its height during the 18th century. The word lövsta is derived from lösta, an old Swedish word for "glade".[3] The contemporary spelling in the 18th century was Leufsta, with French orthography reflecting the Walloon origin of the workforce. The latter part of the name, bruk, means both "mill town" and "ironworks".
The settlement was founded as an ironworks by local farmers during the 16th century, from then on relying primarily upon the quality Dannemora ore. The ownership changed hands to the crown and back again. Another forgery was later built by the crown, which from time to time was leased to various tenants, most notably Wellam de Besche, governmental inspector over most ironworks in Sweden, in 1626 and to him and his partner Louis De Geer in the succeeding year. They introduced Walloon forging here, with at most five pairs of hearths (finery and cafery).[4] In 1641 Louis de Geer, by then Swedish citizen, purchased Lövstabruk from the crown as part of a land sale to relieve the government's shortage of cash,[5] and in 1668 his son Emanuel was able to negotiate a purchase of the other forge from the farmers. During his time, the facility was expanded considerably, and a park was created along the swamped sides of Risforsån, the creek from which power was supplied in four waterfalls, in total falling over 15 meters. Due to a shortage of charcoal, the blast furnaces were relocated to neighbouring villages, where various other expansion also took place. However, Lövstabruk remained the main production facility, and was the biggest ironworks in the country during a number of years in the 18th century. The iron produced at Leusta was of a kind known in England as oregrounds iron, after the port town of Öregrund. The brand mark used at Leufsta was an 'L' inscribed in an open circle, so that its products were known in England as "Hoop L iron". It was classified as first oregrounds and at the height of its power most of the products were exported to England, where it was converted to blister steel by the cementation process.
The ironworks was sold to Gimo-Österby AB in 1917, and the lion share of the woodlands to Korsnäs AB in 1935. Iron production ceased on 20 November 1926.[6] All production facilities were torn down shortly after, while virtually all surrounding buildings remain intact. The manor and the land next to it was owned by the de Geer family for thirteen generations until 1986, when it was transformed into a foundation made up of the local county, Uppsala University, Tierp Municipality, and the de Geer family. Since 1997 most buildings are managed by A number of apartments can be rented from Tierpsbyggen AB.
The estateEdit
Around 1615 the first timbered mansion was erected by the crown. 1702 the second wooden manor with six wings, possibly designed by Johan Hårleman, was finished during the ownership of Emmanuel's nephew Charles. In July 1719 Lövstabruk, along with most other locations of economic importance along the eastern coast of Uppland from Norrtälje to Harnäs bruk just south of Gävle, were burnt down by the northern half of a Russian fleet in an attempt by the Czar to move forward with the peace negotiations that were stalled by Sweden. This effort was ill responded to by the unenterprising Swedish government in the political vacuum after the death of King Charles XII. At first Charles de Geer was sceptical about rebuilding the ironworks in Lövstabruk, and considered giving up, going back to Wallonia. However, his able manager Georg Svebilius, who had successfully saved Skebo bruk by a civil militia of his during his employment there, persuaded him to go on.[7] Within four years the ironworks was producing again, and in the 1730s the current Manor house, now built in stone with four wings, and other less important buildings were also reconstructed. The baron Charles de Geer was bestowed head of county in addition to many years of tax exemption for his efforts. Lövstabruk was made a fideicommiss during his ownership. When the childless bachelor died after a stroke in 1730, his nephew Charles de Geer inherited Lövstabruk at an age of 10. Charles studied entomology in the Netherlands, and was a reputed researcher in addition to running the ironworks from the age of 19. He knew Olof Rudbeck and Carl von Linne, and started a famous scientific library in Lövstabruk, including the 'Flower Book', now owned by Carolina Rediviva, as well as an Aviary. For those improvements to the manor, he hired Jean Eric Rehn, who also designed two new wings.
Charles de Geer's son, also named Charles, preserved the estate while the elder de Geer concentrated upon his interest in politics, agitating against the king. At the turn of the century the ironworks business went well, and the Manor was once more overhauled, this time by Isak Gustaf Clason. As the economy turned worse, a planned overall renovation of all buildings in a Dutch renaissance style never took place, except for the new warehouse and the bookkeeper's lodge.
The park was originally laid out in renaissance style, but later remodeled into barock style. After a period of decline it was yet again transformed during the end of the 19th century, this time with inspiration from Germany. During 1970-71 the park was restored inspired by its barock past as of 1769 under the lead of Walter Bauer, using drawings of Adolf-Fredrik Barnekow and Emanuel de Geer.[8][9]
The church in Lövstabruk, built twice by the first Charles de Geer, houses a well-preserved organ by Niclas Cahman, constructed 1726-1728 with 28 ranks of pipes, where almost all of the visible pipes are used to make sounds.[10]
The largest and most interesting Swedish collection of horse-drawn carriages still in private hands can be found in the stables.[11]
On 1 March 1926 the narrow gauge railroad was officially opened. The service was discontinued in 1952, and the tracks were removed shortly after.[12]
Lövstabruk TodayEdit
After the industrial and agricultural activities have been abandoned, the idyllic village of Lövstabruk today offers visitors a glimpse of its past, as well as culture of various sorts. Guided tours are regularly offered in Swedish, and, upon request, in English and German. Numerous artists and craftsmen are active in Lövstabruk today, primarily in the summer season. The archive is available for research.
ReferencesEdit
^ abc"Småorternas landareal, folkmängd och invånare per km2 2010" (pdf) (in Swedish). Statistics Sweden. Retrieved 2013-01-04.
^. Archived from the original on 2013-08-03. Retrieved 2011-07-04.
lövstabruk, help, expand, this, article, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, swedish, march, 2010, click, show, important, translation, instructions, machine, translation, like, deepl, google, translate, useful, starting, point, translations,. You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Swedish March 2010 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Swedish Wikipedia article at sv Lovstabruk see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated sv Lovstabruk to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Lovstabruk 2 is a village on a common in the parish of Osterlovsta Tierp Municipality Uppsala County Sweden In 2010 it had a population of 96 1 compared to some 1300 at its height during the 18th century The word lovsta is derived from losta an old Swedish word for glade 3 The contemporary spelling in the 18th century was Leufsta with French orthography reflecting the Walloon origin of the workforce The latter part of the name bruk means both mill town and ironworks LovstabrukLovstabrukShow map of UppsalaLovstabrukShow map of SwedenCoordinates 60 24 N 17 53 E 60 400 N 17 883 E 60 400 17 883CountrySwedenProvinceUpplandCountyUppsala CountyMunicipalityTierp MunicipalityArea 1 Total0 20 km2 0 08 sq mi Population 2010 12 31 1 Total96 Density472 km2 1 220 sq mi Time zoneUTC 1 CET Summer DST UTC 2 CEST Contents 1 Ironworks 2 The estate 3 Lovstabruk Today 4 ReferencesIronworks EditThe settlement was founded as an ironworks by local farmers during the 16th century from then on relying primarily upon the quality Dannemora ore The ownership changed hands to the crown and back again Another forgery was later built by the crown which from time to time was leased to various tenants most notably Wellam de Besche governmental inspector over most ironworks in Sweden in 1626 and to him and his partner Louis De Geer in the succeeding year They introduced Walloon forging here with at most five pairs of hearths finery and cafery 4 In 1641 Louis de Geer by then Swedish citizen purchased Lovstabruk from the crown as part of a land sale to relieve the government s shortage of cash 5 and in 1668 his son Emanuel was able to negotiate a purchase of the other forge from the farmers During his time the facility was expanded considerably and a park was created along the swamped sides of Risforsan the creek from which power was supplied in four waterfalls in total falling over 15 meters Due to a shortage of charcoal the blast furnaces were relocated to neighbouring villages where various other expansion also took place However Lovstabruk remained the main production facility and was the biggest ironworks in the country during a number of years in the 18th century The iron produced at Leusta was of a kind known in England as oregrounds iron after the port town of Oregrund The brand mark used at Leufsta was an L inscribed in an open circle so that its products were known in England as Hoop L iron It was classified as first oregrounds and at the height of its power most of the products were exported to England where it was converted to blister steel by the cementation process The ironworks was sold to Gimo Osterby AB in 1917 and the lion share of the woodlands to Korsnas AB in 1935 Iron production ceased on 20 November 1926 6 All production facilities were torn down shortly after while virtually all surrounding buildings remain intact The manor and the land next to it was owned by the de Geer family for thirteen generations until 1986 when it was transformed into a foundation made up of the local county Uppsala University Tierp Municipality and the de Geer family Since 1997 most buildings are managed by National Property Board Sweden A number of apartments can be rented from Tierpsbyggen AB The estate EditAround 1615 the first timbered mansion was erected by the crown 1702 the second wooden manor with six wings possibly designed by Johan Harleman was finished during the ownership of Emmanuel s nephew Charles In July 1719 Lovstabruk along with most other locations of economic importance along the eastern coast of Uppland from Norrtalje to Harnas bruk just south of Gavle were burnt down by the northern half of a Russian fleet in an attempt by the Czar to move forward with the peace negotiations that were stalled by Sweden This effort was ill responded to by the unenterprising Swedish government in the political vacuum after the death of King Charles XII At first Charles de Geer was sceptical about rebuilding the ironworks in Lovstabruk and considered giving up going back to Wallonia However his able manager Georg Svebilius who had successfully saved Skebo bruk by a civil militia of his during his employment there persuaded him to go on 7 Within four years the ironworks was producing again and in the 1730s the current Manor house now built in stone with four wings and other less important buildings were also reconstructed The baron Charles de Geer was bestowed head of county in addition to many years of tax exemption for his efforts Lovstabruk was made a fideicommiss during his ownership When the childless bachelor died after a stroke in 1730 his nephew Charles de Geer inherited Lovstabruk at an age of 10 Charles studied entomology in the Netherlands and was a reputed researcher in addition to running the ironworks from the age of 19 He knew Olof Rudbeck and Carl von Linne and started a famous scientific library in Lovstabruk including the Flower Book now owned by Carolina Rediviva as well as an Aviary For those improvements to the manor he hired Jean Eric Rehn who also designed two new wings Charles de Geer s son also named Charles preserved the estate while the elder de Geer concentrated upon his interest in politics agitating against the king At the turn of the century the ironworks business went well and the Manor was once more overhauled this time by Isak Gustaf Clason As the economy turned worse a planned overall renovation of all buildings in a Dutch renaissance style never took place except for the new warehouse and the bookkeeper s lodge The park was originally laid out in renaissance style but later remodeled into barock style After a period of decline it was yet again transformed during the end of the 19th century this time with inspiration from Germany During 1970 71 the park was restored inspired by its barock past as of 1769 under the lead of Walter Bauer using drawings of Adolf Fredrik Barnekow and Emanuel de Geer 8 9 The church in Lovstabruk built twice by the first Charles de Geer houses a well preserved organ by Niclas Cahman constructed 1726 1728 with 28 ranks of pipes where almost all of the visible pipes are used to make sounds 10 The largest and most interesting Swedish collection of horse drawn carriages still in private hands can be found in the stables 11 On 1 March 1926 the narrow gauge railroad was officially opened The service was discontinued in 1952 and the tracks were removed shortly after 12 Lovstabruk Today EditAfter the industrial and agricultural activities have been abandoned the idyllic village of Lovstabruk today offers visitors a glimpse of its past as well as culture of various sorts Guided tours are regularly offered in Swedish and upon request in English and German Numerous artists and craftsmen are active in Lovstabruk today primarily in the summer season The archive is available for research References Edit a b c Smaorternas landareal folkmangd och invanare per km2 2010 pdf in Swedish Statistics Sweden Retrieved 2013 01 04 Lovstabruk Archived from the original on 2013 08 03 Retrieved 2011 07 04 SAOB Thornvall Folke Leufsta ett gammalt upplandsbruk Dahlgren E W Louis De Geer 1587 1652 Hans Lif och Verk Lovstabruk ISBN 91 87914 02 6 in Swedish Molin Harry Carlholms Bruks Bok in Swedish Wesstrom Juhlin Josephina and Stiftelsen Leufsta Tradgard i bruk Lovstabruks tradgardshistoria Uppsala University Library Database permanent dead link Unnerback R Axel Orgel Inventarium ISBN 91 7118 557 7 Tyden Jordan Astrid 1990 08 17 Utlatande om vagnssamlingen pa Leufsta Dannemora Hargs jarnvag Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lovstabruk amp oldid 1172589753, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
