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Leaders' debate

January 01, 1970

A leaders' debate or presidential debate is a public debate held during a general election campaign, where the candidates expose their political opinions and public policy proposals, and criticism of them, to potential voters. They are normally broadcast live on radio, television and the Internet. The events may be organized by media corporations or non-government organizations.

Presidential debate between John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon for the 1960 election in the United States.

Leaders' debates are often popular with voters, whose decisions might be greatly influenced by the outcome. Leaders have occasionally attempted to use props (such as charts or signs bearing slogans) during a debate with varying degrees of success.

History edit

Precursors to television debates were the candidate forums broadcast over radio in elections in the 1920s. The success of early televised debates such as the 1960 American presidential debate between John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon, viewed by 70 million people,[1] would eventually spur the desire to hold similar, televised debates in countries under the parliamentary system. Television had quickly proven to be an excellent and efficient means of reaching out to large blocs of the electorate. The unique aspect of the parliamentary system which creates the desire to hold leaders' debates is that the party leader is usually the party's presumed candidate to lead the government, because by constitutional convention he or she will usually become prime minister or premier if his or her party is able to obtain a majority, by itself or as part of a coalition government. However, a leaders' debate is not technically a candidates debate in the same sense that an American presidential debate would be, because in the latter case the American political parties have explicitly nominated the named individuals as their candidates for president and vice president.

Format edit

The exact format for a leaders' debate varies, but normally the debate will begin with each leader making a short opening statement. Then a panel of well-known journalists will ask sets of prepared questions, which are to be answered either by all of the leaders or by one specific leader. After the leader(s) answer each question, the other leader(s) may get a chance to make a brief response, after which there may be some time allocated for an often heated "free for all" debate. The moderator will usually attempt to exercise some control through all of this, and then stop the debate after time has elapsed so the next question can be asked. After the panelists finish asking questions, each leader will make his or her closing remarks and the debate will end.

Who gets invited to participate in a leaders' debate is often a sensitive issue. Some jurisdictions may have dozens of fringe political parties which few networks would care to have participating in their debates. For the sake of brevity, and to ensure the leaders of the main parties have adequate time to address voters on a wide range of issues, it is extremely rare for any leaders' debate to have more than five leaders. A more common number would be three while Australia has two. Leaders' debates are often restricted to parties which elected representatives in the previous election. Exceptions may be made for parties with close to a full slate of candidates, but this is not always the case. For example, in Canada in the 2004 and 2006 the Green Party of Canada was excluded from the federal leaders' debates until 2008 when public pressure on the other parties allowed the Green Party to join the debate, and the Alberta Alliance was excluded from the Albertan provincial leaders debate, even though both parties had full slates in their respective elections. Parties that are excluded will often complain bitterly about their exclusion, sometimes claiming that the political establishment has conspired in an effort to keep their party on the political fringe. The inclusion of certain parties in debates can be controversial too. A common complaint about the Canadian debates is voiced by a report from the Centre for the Study of Democracy, which calls for the Bloc Québécois, a party only active in mostly French-speaking Quebec, to be removed from its current position in the English-language debates.[2]

In Georgia, debates were often so heated that the debaters would be placed in separate rooms.[3]

The 2019 Ukrainian presidential election innovated a new approach to the concept of a leaders' debate, where now-president, then-candidate Volodymyr Zelensky proposed to hold debates publicly in the country's largest stadium, the Kiev Olympic Stadium. After much negotiation, the debates were held 48 hours before the election between then-president Peter Poroshenko and Zelensky, in front of nearly 30,000 spectators.[4]

Participating countries edit

The following countries hold leaders' debates:[5]

References edit

  1. ^ Lapsansky-Werner, Emma J. United States History: Modern America. Boston, MA: Pearson Learning Solutions, 2011. Print. Page 505
  2. ^ "Blocking the Bloc". The Ottawa Citizen. September 15, 2009. Retrieved October 3, 2009. [dead link]
  3. ^ a b Jones, Stephen (2013). Georgia: A Political History Since Independence. I.B. Tauris. p. 19. ISBN 9781784530853. Retrieved 12 January 2019 – via Google Books.
  4. ^ "Сколько людей пришло на дебаты Порошенко — Зеленский на стадионе | Факты ICTV". 20 April 2019.
  5. ^ "All eyes on the leaders' debates". The Guardian. Martin Kettle. April 7, 2010. Retrieved April 15, 2010.

January 01, 1970
leaders, debate, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, september,. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Leaders debate news newspapers books scholar JSTOR September 2007 Learn how and when to remove this message A leaders debate or presidential debate is a public debate held during a general election campaign where the candidates expose their political opinions and public policy proposals and criticism of them to potential voters They are normally broadcast live on radio television and the Internet The events may be organized by media corporations or non government organizations Presidential debate between John F Kennedy and Richard Nixon for the 1960 election in the United States Leaders debates are often popular with voters whose decisions might be greatly influenced by the outcome Leaders have occasionally attempted to use props such as charts or signs bearing slogans during a debate with varying degrees of success Contents 1 History 2 Format 3 Participating countries 4 ReferencesHistory editPrecursors to television debates were the candidate forums broadcast over radio in elections in the 1920s The success of early televised debates such as the 1960 American presidential debate between John F Kennedy and Richard Nixon viewed by 70 million people 1 would eventually spur the desire to hold similar televised debates in countries under the parliamentary system Television had quickly proven to be an excellent and efficient means of reaching out to large blocs of the electorate The unique aspect of the parliamentary system which creates the desire to hold leaders debates is that the party leader is usually the party s presumed candidate to lead the government because by constitutional convention he or she will usually become prime minister or premier if his or her party is able to obtain a majority by itself or as part of a coalition government However a leaders debate is not technically a candidates debate in the same sense that an American presidential debate would be because in the latter case the American political parties have explicitly nominated the named individuals as their candidates for president and vice president Format editThe exact format for a leaders debate varies but normally the debate will begin with each leader making a short opening statement Then a panel of well known journalists will ask sets of prepared questions which are to be answered either by all of the leaders or by one specific leader After the leader s answer each question the other leader s may get a chance to make a brief response after which there may be some time allocated for an often heated free for all debate The moderator will usually attempt to exercise some control through all of this and then stop the debate after time has elapsed so the next question can be asked After the panelists finish asking questions each leader will make his or her closing remarks and the debate will end Who gets invited to participate in a leaders debate is often a sensitive issue Some jurisdictions may have dozens of fringe political parties which few networks would care to have participating in their debates For the sake of brevity and to ensure the leaders of the main parties have adequate time to address voters on a wide range of issues it is extremely rare for any leaders debate to have more than five leaders A more common number would be three while Australia has two Leaders debates are often restricted to parties which elected representatives in the previous election Exceptions may be made for parties with close to a full slate of candidates but this is not always the case For example in Canada in the 2004 and 2006 the Green Party of Canada was excluded from the federal leaders debates until 2008 when public pressure on the other parties allowed the Green Party to join the debate and the Alberta Alliance was excluded from the Albertan provincial leaders debate even though both parties had full slates in their respective elections Parties that are excluded will often complain bitterly about their exclusion sometimes claiming that the political establishment has conspired in an effort to keep their party on the political fringe The inclusion of certain parties in debates can be controversial too A common complaint about the Canadian debates is voiced by a report from the Centre for the Study of Democracy which calls for the Bloc Quebecois a party only active in mostly French speaking Quebec to be removed from its current position in the English language debates 2 In Georgia debates were often so heated that the debaters would be placed in separate rooms 3 The 2019 Ukrainian presidential election innovated a new approach to the concept of a leaders debate where now president then candidate Volodymyr Zelensky proposed to hold debates publicly in the country s largest stadium the Kiev Olympic Stadium After much negotiation the debates were held 48 hours before the election between then president Peter Poroshenko and Zelensky in front of nearly 30 000 spectators 4 Participating countries editThe following countries hold leaders debates 5 Argentina Australia see 2016 and 2019 Brazil see 2010 2014 and 2018 Canada Chile see 2013 Czech Republic see 2013 and 2018 Ecuador Egypt see 2012 France Georgia 3 Germany Ireland Iran see 2013 and 2017 Kenya Malta Mexico Netherlands New Zealand see 2017 and 2020 Philippines see 1992 2016 2019 and 2022 Portugal see 2019 and 2021 Spain Tunisia see 2019 United Kingdom see 2010 2015 2017 and 2019 United States UruguayReferences edit Lapsansky Werner Emma J United States History Modern America Boston MA Pearson Learning Solutions 2011 Print Page 505 Blocking the Bloc The Ottawa Citizen September 15 2009 Retrieved October 3 2009 dead link a b Jones Stephen 2013 Georgia A Political History Since Independence I B Tauris p 19 ISBN 9781784530853 Retrieved 12 January 2019 via Google Books Skolko lyudej prishlo na debaty Poroshenko Zelenskij na stadione Fakty ICTV 20 April 2019 All eyes on the leaders debates The Guardian Martin Kettle April 7 2010 Retrieved April 15 2010 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Leaders 27 debate amp oldid 1152762278, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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