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Lawren Harris

May 20, 2023

This article is about the Canadian artist and member of the Group of Seven. For his artist son, see Lawren P. Harris.

Lawren Stewart Harris CC LL. D. (October 23, 1885 – January 29, 1970) was a Canadian painter, best known as a leading member of the Group of Seven. He played a key role as a catalyst in Canadian art and as a visionary in Canadian landscape art.

Lawren Harris

CC
Harris in 1926, photographed by M. O. Hammond
Born
Lawren Stewart Harris

October 23, 1885
Brantford, Ontario, Canada
DiedJanuary 29, 1970(1970-01-29) (aged 84)
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Resting placeKleinburg, Ontario, Canada
Notable workNorth Shore, Lake Superior, 1926
MovementGroup of Seven

Early years

Lawren Stewart Harris was born on October 23, 1885 in Brantford, Ontario. He was the son of Thomas Morgan Harris and Annabelle Stewart. His father was secretary to the firm of A. Harris, Sons & Company Ltd., merchants of farm machinery, which merged with the Massey firm in 1891, forming the Massey-Harris Company, later known as Massey Ferguson.[1][2] Lawren Harris's share of the fortune that resulted made him free from financial cares the rest of his life.[3] Although born to wealth, he was an individual who made his own path in his own individual way.[4][5] In 1894, his father died and the family moved to Toronto.[6] In 1899, he began to board at St. Andrew's College, which was located in Rosedale in Toronto at the time, then in 1903 attended University College at the University of Toronto.[7] From 1904 to 1908 he studied in Berlin under Adolf Schlabitz, Franz Skarbina, and most likely Fritz von Wille, gaining an academic foundation similar to that which was offered by the Paris academies.[8] Harris stayed in Berlin for three years, learning about Impressionism and Post-Impressionism as well as seeing exhibitions of German and European modern art. Among these exhibitions were several of the Berlin Secession and a comprehensive review of 19th century German art.[9] In 1908 he travelled to Austria, Italy, France and England before returning to Toronto.[7] He brought back an influence not only from his teachers but from the Secessionist movement he had encountered in Berlin. Through his reading and teachers, he may also have learned about Theosophy.[10]

Career

 
Lawren Harris in his Vancouver studio, circa 1944.

In Toronto, to which he returned in 1908, Harris found friends through the Arts and Letters Club of Toronto which he joined in 1909, making friends with journalist Roy Mitchell, another early member.[11][12] In 1910, he became interested in philosophy and Eastern thought, likely through Mitchell, and began discussing Theosophy seriously (although it was not until 1924[13] that he formally joined the Toronto Lodge of the International Theosophical Society). From 1910 to 1918, he focused in his painting on the urban landscape of Toronto, featuring a significantly brightened palette, an attention to light, and a layered development of space in order to convey a sense of place. In 1911, he met and became friends with J. E. H. MacDonald who was exhibiting sketches in the clubroom of the Club.[14] Harris and MacDonald went on sketching trips[15] and together visited the exhibition of contemporary Scandinavian art in Buffalo at the Albright Gallery (today, the Albright-Knox Gallery) in 1913. Seeing it, they realized that they too could create a landscape art that was distinctly Canadian and modern.[16]

In 1913, Harris took the first step that would cement a group of like minded artists together in Canadian art, by inviting A. Y. Jackson, then in Montreal, to Toronto.[17] The following year, he and his friend Dr. James MacCallum, financed the construction of a Studio Building in Toronto which provided artists, among them Tom Thomson, with an inexpensive space to work. In 1915, Harris fixed up a shack behind the Studio Building for Thomson[18] whose art and dedication to his career proved inspirational for Harris.[19] In 1918 and 1919, Harris financed boxcar trips for the artists of the later Group of Seven to the Algoma region, traveling along the Algoma Central Railway and painting in areas such as the Montreal River and Agawa Canyon. His work showed the effect of such trips: he began sketching in oil en plein air as a regular practice and used the sketches as a guide in constructing his major canvases.

In May 1920, Harris, J. E. H. MacDonald, and Franklin Carmichael, A. Y. Jackson, Frank Johnston, Arthur Lismer, and Frederick Varley, formed the Group of Seven.[20] In the fall of 1921, Harris ventured beyond Algoma to Lake Superior's North Shore, where he would return annually for the next seven years. While his urban and Algoma paintings of the late 1910s and early 1920s were characterized by rich, bright colours and decorative compositional motifs, the discovery of Lake Superior as a source of subject material meant the depiction of what Jackson called a "sublime order".[21] Harris conveyed the spiritual side to the scene through a more austere, simplified style, with a limited palette.[22][23] In 1924, a sketching trip with A.Y. Jackson to Jasper National Park in the Canadian Rockies marked the beginning of Harris' mountain subjects, which he continued to explore with annual sketching trips until 1928, exploring areas around Banff National Park, Yoho National Park and Mount Robson Provincial Park.[24] In 1930, Harris went on his last extended sketching trip, travelling to Greenland, the Canadian Arctic and Labrador aboard the Royal Canadian Mounted Police supply ship and ice breaker, the SS. Beothic, for two months, during which time he completed over 50 sketches. The resulting Arctic canvases that he developed from the oil panels marked the end of his landscape period.

Modernism and Harris

Harris's artistic career was one of constant exploration. He was the only member of the Group of Seven to align himself with European and American forms of Modernism. He always had been deeply interested in developments in modern art.[25] In 1926, he represented Canada in the International Exhibition of Modern Art organized by the Société Anonyme (of which he was a member) and shown at the Brooklyn Museum in New York:[26] he helped bring the show to Toronto in 1927.[27][28] In 1934, he painted his first abstract pictures, which depended partly on his desire to express ideas of the spirit, partly on his earlier landscapes of Lake Superior, the Rocky Mountains and the Arctic.[29] After a period of experimentation, from 1936 on, Harris enthusiastically embraced abstract painting.[30] In these years, he moved to Hanover, New Hampshire in 1934, then Santa Fe, New Mexico in 1938 and finally, Vancouver in 1940. In time, he left all reference to landscape behind, and his work underwent changes towards a more organic form. He wrote about the path an abstract artist took from representation to abstraction to become fully abstract in an Essay on Abstract Painting published in 1949.[31] In the 1950s, he painted his version of abstract expressionism.[32] In 1954, in a separate publication that developed from his earlier essay on abstraction, he praised abstraction, writing:

...(in abstract art), we have a creative adventure in harmony with the highest aspiration and search for truth, beauty and expressive evocation and communication in our own day".[33]

Memberships in Art Organizations

In May 1920, Harris, J. E. H. MacDonald, and Franklin Carmichael, A. Y. Jackson, Frank Johnston, Arthur Lismer, and Frederick Varley, formed the Group of Seven.[20] After disbanding of the Group of Seven in 1933, Harris and the other surviving members, were instrumental in forming its successor the Canadian Group of Painters. Harris served as its first president.[34] In 1938, he helped organize the Transcendental Group of Painters in the United States.[35] In 1941, he was a founder of the Federation of Canadian Artists, founded in Toronto[35] and President (1944-1947).[36]

Honours

In 1926, his work won a gold medal at Sesquicentennial International Exposition of Philadelphia. In 1931, he won the Baltimore Museum of Art prize in the first Baltimore Pan-American Exhibition of Contemporary Paintings. In 1946, Harris was awarded an honorary degree from the University of British Columbia. He received an L.L.D. from the University of Toronto in 1951. In 1953, he received an L.L. D. from the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg. In 1961, he received the Canada Council medal for 1961. In 1969, he was given a Medal from the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts.[37] In 1970, he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada, conferred posthumously.[38][39]

Harris has been designated as an Historic Person in the Directory of Federal Heritage Designations.[40]

Personal life

On January 20, 1910, Harris married Beatrice (Trixie) Phillips. The couple had three children: Lawren P. Harris, Margaret Anne Harris, and Howard K. Harris, all born in the first decade of their marriage. Harris later fell in love with Bess, the wife of his school-time friend, F.B. Housser, but divorce was seen at the time as causing an outrage, particularly for a man as socially prominent as Harris.

Harris eventually left his wife of 24 years, Trixie, and his three children, and married Bess Housser in 1934. He was threatened with charges of bigamy by Trixie’s family because of his actions. Later that year he and Bess left their home and moved to the United States. In 1940 they moved to Vancouver, British Columbia. Bess died in 1969. Lawren Stewart Harris died in Vancouver in 1970. His ashes and those of Bess are buried on the grounds of the McMichael Canadian Art Collection, Kleinburg.

Legacy

In Toronto, a park in Rosedale at 145 Rosedale valley Road was named for him.[41] A solo exhibition of Lawren Harris was shown in the United States at the Americas Society Art Gallery in New York. In 2015, a travelling exhibition of Harris’ work, The Idea of North: The Paintings of Lawren Harris, curated by Steve Martin, opened at the Hammer Museum in Los Angeles, California.[42] In 2016, a film about Harris's life, Where the Universe Sings, was produced by TV Ontario. It was created by filmmaker Peter Raymont and directed by Nancy Lang.[43] In 2017, guest curators Roald Nasgaard and Gwendolyn Owens, organized an exhibition titled Higher States: Lawren S. Harris and his North American Contemporaries, comprising some seventy paintings at the McMichael Canadian Art Collection. It featured works by Canadian and American contemporaries of Harris' such as Bertram Brooker, Emily Carr, Lionel LeMoine FitzGerald, Arthur Dove, Georgia O'Keeffe, Raymond Jonson, Emil Bisttram and Marsden Hartley.[44]

Record sale prices

In 1981, South Shore, Baffin Island was sold for $240,000, a record price for a Canadian painting.[45] On May 29, 2001, Harris's Baffin Island painting was sold for a record of $2.2 million (record up to that time).[46] Before the auction, experts predicted the painting done by one of the original Group of Seven would top $1 million, but no one expected it to fetch more than twice that amount. The painting, which has always been in private hands, depicts icy white mountains with a dramatic blue sky. In 2005, Harris's painting, Algoma Hill, was sold at a Sotheby's auction for $1.38 million. It had been stored in a backroom closet of a Toronto hospital for years and was almost forgotten about until cleaning staff found it.[47]

On May 23, 2007, Pine Tree and Red House, Winter, City Painting II by Harris came up for auction by Heffel Gallery in Vancouver, BC. The painting was a stunning canvas from 1924 that was estimated to sell between $800,000 and $1,200,000. The painting sold for a record-breaking $2,875,000 (premium included). On November 24, 2008, Harris's Nerke, Greenland painting sold at a Toronto auction for $2 million (four times the pre-sale estimate).[48]

On November 26, 2009, Harris's oil sketch, The Old Stump, sold for $3.51 million at an auction in Toronto.[49] In May 2010, Harris's painting, Bylot Island I, sold for $2.8 million at a Heffel Gallery auction in Vancouver, British Columbia.[50] On November 26, 2015, his painting Mountain and Glacier was auctioned for $3.9 million at a Heffel Fine Art Auction House auction in Toronto, breaking the previous record for the sale of one of Harris's works. Another piece, Winter Landscape, sold for a hammer price of $3.1 million in the same auction.[51] On November 23, 2016, Mountain Forms, estimated at $3–5 million, sold for $11.2 million at the Heffel Auction, the present high.[52]

See also

References

  1. ^ (PDF). Ontario Heritage Trust. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 November 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
  2. ^ Murray, Joan. "Lawren Harris". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
  3. ^ Murray 2003, p. 10.
  4. ^ Murray 2003, p. 9.
  5. ^ . www.mcmichael.com. McMichael Canadian Art Collection. Archived from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
  6. ^ Murray 2003, p. 11.
  7. ^ a b Murray 2003, p. 12.
  8. ^ Larisey 1993, pp. 8–9.
  9. ^ Adamson 1978, p. 13, Chronology by Peter Larisey.
  10. ^ King 2012, p. 27-30.
  11. ^ Adamson 1978, p. 14, Chronology by Peter Larisey.
  12. ^ Murray 2003, p. 15.
  13. ^ Larisey 1993, p. 46.
  14. ^ King 2012, p. 60.
  15. ^ King 2012, p. 62.
  16. ^ King 2012, p. 74.
  17. ^ King 2012, p. 78.
  18. ^ Adamson 1978, p. 15, Chronology by Peter Larisey.
  19. ^ "James King talks about Lawren Harris and Tom Thomson". www.youtube.com. McMichael Canadian Art Collection, Kleinburg. Retrieved 2021-12-14.
  20. ^ a b Murray 2003, p. 30.
  21. ^ Murray 2003, p. 31ff.
  22. ^ Murray 2003, p. 32.
  23. ^ Adamson 1978, p. 140ff.
  24. ^ Murray 2003, p. 40.
  25. ^ King 2012, p. xxiv.
  26. ^ "Brooklyn Museum". www.brooklynmuseum.org. Brooklyn Museum. Retrieved 2021-06-18.
  27. ^ Murray 1994a, p. 14.
  28. ^ Pfaff, Larry. "Lawren Harris and the International Exhibition of Modern Art". www.jstor.org. RACAR: revue d'art canadienne / Canadian Art Review, Vol. 11, No. 1/2 (1984), pp. 79-96. JSTOR 42631017. Retrieved 2021-08-06.
  29. ^ Adamson 1978, p. 203.
  30. ^ Murray 2003, p. 42ff.
  31. ^ Zemans, Joyce (2010). "Abstract and Non-objective Art in English Canada". The Visual Arts in Canada: the Twentieth Century. Foss, Brian, Paikowsky, Sandra, Whitelaw, Anne (eds.). Don Mills, Ont.: Oxford University Press. pp. 164–165. ISBN 978-0-19-542125-5. OCLC 432401392.
  32. ^ Reid 1985, p. 11.
  33. ^ Harris 1954, p. 16.
  34. ^ Murray 2003, p. 42.
  35. ^ a b Murray 2003, p. 52.
  36. ^ Reid 1985, p. 106.
  37. ^ McMann, Evelyn (1981). Royal Canadian Academy of Arts. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Retrieved 2022-06-02.
  38. ^ Murray 2003, p. Chronology.
  39. ^ Reid 1985, p. 107-108.
  40. ^ "Directory of Federal Heritage Designations". Parks Canada. Retrieved 2022-05-29.
  41. ^ "Lawren Harris Park". www.toronto.ca. Toronto. Retrieved 2021-08-06.
  42. ^ "The Idea of North: The Paintings of Lawren Harris". hammer.ucla.edu. Hammer Museum. Retrieved 2021-08-06.
  43. ^ "Lawren Harris film captures acclaimed painter’s life and times". Toronto Star, Lauren La Rose, June 25, 2016
  44. ^ Aragon, Antonio. "HIGHER STATES: LAWREN S. HARRIS AND HIS NORTH AMERICAN CONTEMPORARIES". www.gallery.ca. Magazine, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, 2017. Retrieved 2021-08-06.
  45. ^ chronicle of Canada, (Montreal, 1990) Chronicle Publications, at pp.858 -859.
  46. ^ ""Baffin Island" painting sold for record $2.2 million". CBC News. 30 May 2001. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
  47. ^ , CTV.ca, retrieved on May 16, 2007.
  48. ^ Group of Seven founder's art worth $1M 2012-11-08 at the Wayback Machine, Canwest News Service, retrieved on November 25, 2008.
  49. ^ "Group of Seven sketch draws $3.5M | CBC News".
  50. ^ Dhillon, Sunny (27 May 2010). "Lawren Harris painting goes for $2.8 million at Heffel auction | Toronto Star". Toronto Star. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
  51. ^ "Lawren Harris, Tom Thomson and Alex Colville paintings smash records at auction". CBC News. November 26, 2015. Retrieved November 27, 2015.
  52. ^ Wheeler, Brad (24 November 2016). "Lawren Harris 'Mountain Forms' painting sells for record $11.2-million". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 24 November 2016.

Bibliography

Primary sources

  • Harris, Lawren (1922). Contrasts: A Book of Verse. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart.
  • ——— (July 1926). "The Revelation of Art in Canada". Canadian Theosophist. 7: 85–88.
  • ——— (May 1927). "Modern Art and Aesthetic Reactions: An Appreciation". Canadian Forum. 7: 239–41.
  • ——— (1929). "Creative Art and Canada". In Brooker, Bertram (ed.). Yearbook of the Arts in Canada, 1928-29. Toronto: Macmillan. pp. 177–86.
  • ——— (15 July 1933). "Theosophy and Art". Canadian Theosophist. 14 (5): 129–32.
  • ——— (15 Aug 1933). "Theosophy and Art". Canadian Theosophist. 14 (6): 161–6.
  • ——— (Dec 1933). "Different Idioms in Creative Art". Canadian Comment. 2 (12): 5–6, 32.
  • ——— (October 1943). "The Function of Art". Art Gallery Bulletin [Vancouver Art Gallery]. 2: 2–3.
  • ——— (1948). "The Group of Seven in Canadian History". Canadian Historical Association: Report of the Annual Meeting held at Victoria and Vancouver, 16-19 June 1948. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. 28–38.
  • ——— (Jan 1949). "An Essay on Abstract Painting". Royal Architectural Institute of Canada Journal. 26 (1): 3–8.
  • ——— (1954). Abstract Painting: A Disquisition. Toronto: Rous and Mann Press.
  • ——— (1964). The Story of the Group of Seven. Toronto: Rous and Mann Press., reproduced in Murray, Joan; Harris, Lawren (1993), The Best of the Group of Seven, McClelland & Stewart, ISBN 0-7710-6674-0
  • Harris, Lawren (Summer 1987). "Lawren Harris's Fallacies About Art". Canadian Literature (113–114): 129–143. Retrieved 2021-04-30.

Secondary sources

  • Adamson, Jeremy (2008). "Lawren Harris: Towards an Art of the Spiritual". The Thomson Collection at the Art Gallery of Ontario. Toronto: Skylet. pp. 67–87.
  • Bell, Andrew (Christmas 1948). "Lawren Harris: A Retrospective Exhibition of His Painting, 1910-1948". Canadian Art. 6 (2): 50–3.
  • Boyanoski, Christine (1989). "Charles Comfort's Lake Superior Village and the Great Lakes Exhibition". Journal of Canadian Art History. 12 (2): 174–98.
  • Carr, Angela K. (1998). "Portrait of Dr. Salem Bland: Another Spiritual Journey for Lawren S. Harris?". Journal of Canadian Art History. 19 (2): 6–27.
  • Christensen, Lisa (2000). A Hiker's Guide to the Rocky Mountain Art of Lawren Harris. Calgary: Fifth House.
  • Duncan, Norman (1909). Going Down from Jerusalem: The Narrative of a Sentimental Traveller. New York and London: Harper and Brothers.
  • Duval, Paul (2011). Where the Universe Sings. Toronto: Cerebrus.
  • Fairley, Barker (June 1921). "Some Canadian Painters: Lawren Harris". Canadian Forum. 1: 275–78.
  • Foss, Brian (1999). ""Snychronism" in Canada: Lawren Harris, Decorative Landscape, and Willard Huntington Wright, 1916-1917". Journal of Canadian Art History. 20 (1/2): 68–91.
  • Frye, Northrop (Christmas 1948). "The Pursuit of Form". Canadian Art. 6 (2): 54–7.
  • Harris, Bess; Colgrove, R. G. P., eds. (1969). Lawren Harris. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada.
  • King, James (2012). Inward Journey: The Life of Lawren Harris. Toronto: Thomas Allen.
  • Larisey, Peter (1982). The Landscape Painting of Lawren Stewart Harris (Ph.D. thesis). Columbia University.
  • ——— (1993). Light for a Cold Land: Lawren Harris's Work and Life; An Interpretation. Toronto: Dundurn.
  • ——— (1974). "Nationalist Aspects of Lawren S. Harris's Aesthetics". National Gallery of Canada Bulletin/Galerie National du Canada Bulletin. 23: 3–9.
  • ——— (1974). "A Portfolio of Landscapes by Lawren S. Harris/Carton de paysages de Lawren S. Harris". National Gallery of Canada Bulletin/Galerie National du Canada Bulletin. 23: 10–16.
  • Lauder, Brian (Summer 1976). "Two Radicals: Richard Maurice Bucke and Lawren Harris". Dalhousie Review. 56 (2): 307–18.
  • Linsley, Robert (1996). "Landscapes in Motion: Lawren Harris and the Heterogeneous Modern Nation". Oxford Art Journal. 19 (1): 80–95. doi:10.1093/oxartj/19.1.80.
  • Mandel, Eli (Oct–Nov 1978). "The Inward, Northward Journey of Lawren Harris". Artscanada. 35 (3): 17–24.
  • Mergen, Bernard (1997). The Modern Minds of Winter. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 207–46.
  • Murray, Joan (2003). Lawren Harris: An Introduction to his Life and Art. Toronto: Firefly Books. p. 9. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
  • Murray, Joan (1994b). Northern lights: masterpieces of Tom Thomson and the Group of Seven. Toronto: Key Porter. Retrieved 2021-04-20.
  • Murray, Joan (1994a). Origins of Abstraction in Canada: Modernist Pioneers. Oshawa: Robert McLaughlin Gallery. Retrieved 2021-06-18.
  • Murray, Joan (Summer 1987). "The Literary Lawren Harris: Introduction to Lawren Harris's Fallacies About Art". Canadian Literature (113–114): 129–143. Retrieved 2021-04-30.
  • Murray, Joan; Fulford, Robert (1982). The Beginning of Vision: The Drawings of Lawren S. Harris. Toronto: Douglas & McIntyre in association with Mira Godard Editions.
  • Nasgaard, Roald; Owens, Gwendolyn (2017). Higher States: Lawren S. Harris and his North American Contemporaries. Fredericton, New Brunswick and Kleinburg, Ontario: Goose Lane Editions and McMichael Canadian Art Collection. Retrieved 2021-08-06.
  • Plaff, L.R. (1978). "Portraits by Lawren Harris: Salem Bland and Others". RACAR: Revue d'art canadienne / Canadian Art Review. 5 (1): 21–7. doi:10.7202/1077314ar.
  • Reid, Dennis (Dec 1968). "Lawren Harris". Artscanada. 25 (5): 9–16.
  • Robins, John (Apr–May 1944). "Lawren Harris". Canadian Review of Music and Other Arts. 2 (3/4): 13–14.
  • Smith, Sydney (Feb–Mar 1942). "The Recent Abstract Work of Lawren Harris". Maritime Art. 2 (3): 79–81.
  • Street, Linda Marjorie (1980). Emily Carr: Lawren Harris and Theosophy, 1927-1933 (Dissertation). Ottawa: Carleton University.
  • Trainor, James (Feb 2001). "Facing North". Border Crossings. 20 (1): 61–3.
  • "What B.C. Means to Nine of Its Best Artists". Maclean's. Vol. 71, no. 10. 10 May 1958. pp. 27–33.

Exhibition catalogues

  • Adamson, Jeremy (1978). Lawren S. Harris: Urban Scenes and Wilderness Landscapes, 1906-1930. Toronto: Art Gallery of Ontario. (Chronology by Peter Larisey)
  • Hunter, Andrew (2000). Lawren Stewart Harris: A Painter's Progress. New York: Americas Society. ISBN 9781879128217.
  • Jackson, Christopher (1991). Lawren Harris: North by West; The Arctic and Rocky Mountain Paintings of Lawren Harris, 1924-1931/Lawren Harris: le Grand Nord via l'Ouest: les tableaux de l'Arctique et des Rocheuses peints par Lawren Harris de 1924 à 1931. Calgary: Glenbow Museum.
  • Lawren Harris, Paintings, 1910-1948. Toronto: Art Gallery of Toronto. 1948.
  • Lawren Harris Retrospective Exhibition 1963. Ottawa: National Gallery of Canada. 1963.
  • Lawren P. Harris, 37/72. Halifax: Dalhousie Art Gallery, Halifax. 1972.
  • Martin, Steve; Burlingham, Cynthia; Hunter, Andrew; Quinn, Karen (2015). The Idea of North: The Paintings of Lawren Harris. Toronto: Art Gallery of Ontario. ISBN 978-3791354705.
  • Reid, Dennis (1985). Atma Buddhi Manas: The Later Work of Lawren S. Harris. Toronto: Art Gallery of Ontario.

The Group of Seven and Canadian art

  • Boulet, Roger (1982), The Canadian Earth, M. Bernard Loates, Cerebrus Publishing, ISBN 0920016103, archived from the original on 2012-12-08
  • Cole, Douglas (Summer 1978). "Artists, Patrons and Public: An Inquiry into the Success of the Group of Seven". Journal of Canadian Studies. 13 (2): 69–78. doi:10.3138/jcs.13.2.69. S2CID 152198969.
  • Colgate, William (1943). Canadian Art: Its Origin and Development. Toronto: Ryerson Press.
  • Davis, Ann (1992). The Logic of Ecstasy: Canadian Mystical Painting, 1920-1940. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
  • Dawn, Leslie (2006). National Visions, National Blindness: Canadian Art and Identities in the 1920s. Vancouver: UBC Press.
  • Dejardin, Ian, ed. (2011). Painting Canada: Tom Thomson and the Group of Seven. London: Dulwich Picture Gallery.
  • Duvall, Paul (1972). Four Decades: The Canadian Group of Painters and Their Contemporaries, 1930-1970. Toronto: Clarke Irwin.
  • Grace, Sherrill E. (2004). Canada and the Idea of North. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
  • Harper, J. Russell (1966). Painting in Canada: A History. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
  • Hill, Charles C. (1995). The Group of Seven: Art for a Nation. Ottawa: National Gallery of Canada.
  • Housser, F. B. (1926). A Canadian Art Movement: The Story of the Group of Seven. Toronto: Macmillan.
  • Hubbard, R.H. (1963). The Development of Canadian Art. Ottawa: National Gallery of Canada.
  • Jackson, A.Y. (1958). A Painter's Country. Toronto: Clarke Irwin.
  • King, Ross (2010). Defiant Spirits: The Modernist Revolution of the Group of Seven. D & M Publishers. ISBN 978-1553658078.
  • MacDonald, Thoreau (1944). The Group of Seven. Toronto: Ryerson Press.
  • MacTavish, Newton (1925). The Fine Arts in Canada. Toronto: Macmillan.
  • McInnis, Graham C. (1950). Canadian Art. Toronto: Macmillan.
  • McKay, Marylin J. (2011). Picturing the Land: Narrating Territories in Canadian Landscape Art, 1500-1950. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
  • Mellen, Peter (1970). The Group of Seven. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart. ISBN 9780771058158.
  • Murray, Joan (1994). Northern lights: masterpieces of Tom Thomson and the Group of Seven. Toronto: Key Porter. Retrieved 2021-04-20.
  • Murray, Joan (1993), The Best of the Group of Seven, McClelland & Stewart, ISBN 0-7710-6674-0
  • O'Brian, John; White, Peter, eds. (2007). Beyond Wilderness: The Group of Seven, Canadian Identity, and Contemporary Art. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
  • Orford, Emily-Jane Hills (2008). The Creative Spirit: Stories of 20th Century Artists. Ottawa: Baico Publishing. ISBN 978-1-897449-18-9.
  • Reid, Dennis (1970). The Group of Seven. Ottawa: The National Gallery of Canada.
  • Robson, Albert H. (1932). Canadian Landscape Painters. Toronto: Ryerson Press.
  • Rosenblum, Robert (1975). Modern Painting and the Northern Romantic Tradition: Friedrich to Rothko. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Silcox, David P. (2011). The Group of Seven and Tom Thomson. Richmond Hill: Firefly Books. ISBN 978-1554078851.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lawren Harris.
  • Murray, Joan. "Lawren Harris". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2021-08-06.
  • Detailed Biography of Lawren Harris and Artworks, retrieved on May 25, 2007.
  • Lawren Harris Collection at the National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.

May 20, 2023
lawren, harris, this, article, about, canadian, artist, member, group, seven, artist, lawren, harris, lawren, stewart, harris, october, 1885, january, 1970, canadian, painter, best, known, leading, member, group, seven, played, role, catalyst, canadian, vision. This article is about the Canadian artist and member of the Group of Seven For his artist son see Lawren P Harris Lawren Stewart Harris CC LL D October 23 1885 January 29 1970 was a Canadian painter best known as a leading member of the Group of Seven He played a key role as a catalyst in Canadian art and as a visionary in Canadian landscape art Lawren HarrisCCHarris in 1926 photographed by M O HammondBornLawren Stewart HarrisOctober 23 1885Brantford Ontario CanadaDiedJanuary 29 1970 1970 01 29 aged 84 Vancouver British Columbia CanadaResting placeKleinburg Ontario CanadaNotable workNorth Shore Lake Superior 1926MovementGroup of Seven Contents 1 Early years 2 Career 3 Modernism and Harris 4 Memberships in Art Organizations 5 Honours 6 Personal life 7 Legacy 8 Record sale prices 9 See also 10 References 11 Bibliography 11 1 Primary sources 11 2 Secondary sources 11 3 Exhibition catalogues 11 4 The Group of Seven and Canadian art 12 External linksEarly years EditLawren Stewart Harris was born on October 23 1885 in Brantford Ontario He was the son of Thomas Morgan Harris and Annabelle Stewart His father was secretary to the firm of A Harris Sons amp Company Ltd merchants of farm machinery which merged with the Massey firm in 1891 forming the Massey Harris Company later known as Massey Ferguson 1 2 Lawren Harris s share of the fortune that resulted made him free from financial cares the rest of his life 3 Although born to wealth he was an individual who made his own path in his own individual way 4 5 In 1894 his father died and the family moved to Toronto 6 In 1899 he began to board at St Andrew s College which was located in Rosedale in Toronto at the time then in 1903 attended University College at the University of Toronto 7 From 1904 to 1908 he studied in Berlin under Adolf Schlabitz Franz Skarbina and most likely Fritz von Wille gaining an academic foundation similar to that which was offered by the Paris academies 8 Harris stayed in Berlin for three years learning about Impressionism and Post Impressionism as well as seeing exhibitions of German and European modern art Among these exhibitions were several of the Berlin Secession and a comprehensive review of 19th century German art 9 In 1908 he travelled to Austria Italy France and England before returning to Toronto 7 He brought back an influence not only from his teachers but from the Secessionist movement he had encountered in Berlin Through his reading and teachers he may also have learned about Theosophy 10 Career Edit Lawren Harris in his Vancouver studio circa 1944 In Toronto to which he returned in 1908 Harris found friends through the Arts and Letters Club of Toronto which he joined in 1909 making friends with journalist Roy Mitchell another early member 11 12 In 1910 he became interested in philosophy and Eastern thought likely through Mitchell and began discussing Theosophy seriously although it was not until 1924 13 that he formally joined the Toronto Lodge of the International Theosophical Society From 1910 to 1918 he focused in his painting on the urban landscape of Toronto featuring a significantly brightened palette an attention to light and a layered development of space in order to convey a sense of place In 1911 he met and became friends with J E H MacDonald who was exhibiting sketches in the clubroom of the Club 14 Harris and MacDonald went on sketching trips 15 and together visited the exhibition of contemporary Scandinavian art in Buffalo at the Albright Gallery today the Albright Knox Gallery in 1913 Seeing it they realized that they too could create a landscape art that was distinctly Canadian and modern 16 In 1913 Harris took the first step that would cement a group of like minded artists together in Canadian art by inviting A Y Jackson then in Montreal to Toronto 17 The following year he and his friend Dr James MacCallum financed the construction of a Studio Building in Toronto which provided artists among them Tom Thomson with an inexpensive space to work In 1915 Harris fixed up a shack behind the Studio Building for Thomson 18 whose art and dedication to his career proved inspirational for Harris 19 In 1918 and 1919 Harris financed boxcar trips for the artists of the later Group of Seven to the Algoma region traveling along the Algoma Central Railway and painting in areas such as the Montreal River and Agawa Canyon His work showed the effect of such trips he began sketching in oil en plein air as a regular practice and used the sketches as a guide in constructing his major canvases Group of seven artists Frederick Varley A Y Jackson Lawren Harris Barker Fairley Frank Johnston artist Arthur Lismer and J E H MacDonald In May 1920 Harris J E H MacDonald and Franklin Carmichael A Y Jackson Frank Johnston Arthur Lismer and Frederick Varley formed the Group of Seven 20 In the fall of 1921 Harris ventured beyond Algoma to Lake Superior s North Shore where he would return annually for the next seven years While his urban and Algoma paintings of the late 1910s and early 1920s were characterized by rich bright colours and decorative compositional motifs the discovery of Lake Superior as a source of subject material meant the depiction of what Jackson called a sublime order 21 Harris conveyed the spiritual side to the scene through a more austere simplified style with a limited palette 22 23 In 1924 a sketching trip with A Y Jackson to Jasper National Park in the Canadian Rockies marked the beginning of Harris mountain subjects which he continued to explore with annual sketching trips until 1928 exploring areas around Banff National Park Yoho National Park and Mount Robson Provincial Park 24 In 1930 Harris went on his last extended sketching trip travelling to Greenland the Canadian Arctic and Labrador aboard the Royal Canadian Mounted Police supply ship and ice breaker the SS Beothic for two months during which time he completed over 50 sketches The resulting Arctic canvases that he developed from the oil panels marked the end of his landscape period Modernism and Harris EditHarris s artistic career was one of constant exploration He was the only member of the Group of Seven to align himself with European and American forms of Modernism He always had been deeply interested in developments in modern art 25 In 1926 he represented Canada in the International Exhibition of Modern Art organized by the Societe Anonyme of which he was a member and shown at the Brooklyn Museum in New York 26 he helped bring the show to Toronto in 1927 27 28 In 1934 he painted his first abstract pictures which depended partly on his desire to express ideas of the spirit partly on his earlier landscapes of Lake Superior the Rocky Mountains and the Arctic 29 After a period of experimentation from 1936 on Harris enthusiastically embraced abstract painting 30 In these years he moved to Hanover New Hampshire in 1934 then Santa Fe New Mexico in 1938 and finally Vancouver in 1940 In time he left all reference to landscape behind and his work underwent changes towards a more organic form He wrote about the path an abstract artist took from representation to abstraction to become fully abstract in an Essay on Abstract Painting published in 1949 31 In the 1950s he painted his version of abstract expressionism 32 In 1954 in a separate publication that developed from his earlier essay on abstraction he praised abstraction writing in abstract art we have a creative adventure in harmony with the highest aspiration and search for truth beauty and expressive evocation and communication in our own day 33 Memberships in Art Organizations EditIn May 1920 Harris J E H MacDonald and Franklin Carmichael A Y Jackson Frank Johnston Arthur Lismer and Frederick Varley formed the Group of Seven 20 After disbanding of the Group of Seven in 1933 Harris and the other surviving members were instrumental in forming its successor the Canadian Group of Painters Harris served as its first president 34 In 1938 he helped organize the Transcendental Group of Painters in the United States 35 In 1941 he was a founder of the Federation of Canadian Artists founded in Toronto 35 and President 1944 1947 36 Honours EditIn 1926 his work won a gold medal at Sesquicentennial International Exposition of Philadelphia In 1931 he won the Baltimore Museum of Art prize in the first Baltimore Pan American Exhibition of Contemporary Paintings In 1946 Harris was awarded an honorary degree from the University of British Columbia He received an L L D from the University of Toronto in 1951 In 1953 he received an L L D from the University of Manitoba Winnipeg In 1961 he received the Canada Council medal for 1961 In 1969 he was given a Medal from the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts 37 In 1970 he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada conferred posthumously 38 39 Harris has been designated as an Historic Person in the Directory of Federal Heritage Designations 40 Personal life EditOn January 20 1910 Harris married Beatrice Trixie Phillips The couple had three children Lawren P Harris Margaret Anne Harris and Howard K Harris all born in the first decade of their marriage Harris later fell in love with Bess the wife of his school time friend F B Housser but divorce was seen at the time as causing an outrage particularly for a man as socially prominent as Harris Harris eventually left his wife of 24 years Trixie and his three children and married Bess Housser in 1934 He was threatened with charges of bigamy by Trixie s family because of his actions Later that year he and Bess left their home and moved to the United States In 1940 they moved to Vancouver British Columbia Bess died in 1969 Lawren Stewart Harris died in Vancouver in 1970 His ashes and those of Bess are buried on the grounds of the McMichael Canadian Art Collection Kleinburg Legacy EditIn Toronto a park in Rosedale at 145 Rosedale valley Road was named for him 41 A solo exhibition of Lawren Harris was shown in the United States at the Americas Society Art Gallery in New York In 2015 a travelling exhibition of Harris work The Idea of North The Paintings of Lawren Harris curated by Steve Martin opened at the Hammer Museum in Los Angeles California 42 In 2016 a film about Harris s life Where the Universe Sings was produced by TV Ontario It was created by filmmaker Peter Raymont and directed by Nancy Lang 43 In 2017 guest curators Roald Nasgaard and Gwendolyn Owens organized an exhibition titled Higher States Lawren S Harris and his North American Contemporaries comprising some seventy paintings at the McMichael Canadian Art Collection It featured works by Canadian and American contemporaries of Harris such as Bertram Brooker Emily Carr Lionel LeMoine FitzGerald Arthur Dove Georgia O Keeffe Raymond Jonson Emil Bisttram and Marsden Hartley 44 Record sale prices EditIn 1981 South Shore Baffin Island was sold for 240 000 a record price for a Canadian painting 45 On May 29 2001 Harris s Baffin Island painting was sold for a record of 2 2 million record up to that time 46 Before the auction experts predicted the painting done by one of the original Group of Seven would top 1 million but no one expected it to fetch more than twice that amount The painting which has always been in private hands depicts icy white mountains with a dramatic blue sky In 2005 Harris s painting Algoma Hill was sold at a Sotheby s auction for 1 38 million It had been stored in a backroom closet of a Toronto hospital for years and was almost forgotten about until cleaning staff found it 47 On May 23 2007 Pine Tree and Red House Winter City Painting II by Harris came up for auction by Heffel Gallery in Vancouver BC The painting was a stunning canvas from 1924 that was estimated to sell between 800 000 and 1 200 000 The painting sold for a record breaking 2 875 000 premium included On November 24 2008 Harris s Nerke Greenland painting sold at a Toronto auction for 2 million four times the pre sale estimate 48 On November 26 2009 Harris s oil sketch The Old Stump sold for 3 51 million at an auction in Toronto 49 In May 2010 Harris s painting Bylot Island I sold for 2 8 million at a Heffel Gallery auction in Vancouver British Columbia 50 On November 26 2015 his painting Mountain and Glacier was auctioned for 3 9 million at a Heffel Fine Art Auction House auction in Toronto breaking the previous record for the sale of one of Harris s works Another piece Winter Landscape sold for a hammer price of 3 1 million in the same auction 51 On November 23 2016 Mountain Forms estimated at 3 5 million sold for 11 2 million at the Heffel Auction the present high 52 See also EditThe Studio Building The Indian Church 1929 painting renamed Church at Yuquot Village in 2018 by the Art Gallery of Ontario Alexandra Biriukova the architect who designed Harris s residence located at 2 Ava Crescent in Forest Hill begun in 1931References Edit Lawren Harris 1885 1910 PDF Ontario Heritage Trust Archived from the original PDF on 28 November 2016 Retrieved 27 November 2016 Murray Joan Lawren Harris The Canadian Encyclopedia Historica Canada Retrieved 27 November 2016 Murray 2003 p 10 Murray 2003 p 9 Lawren S Harris 1885 1970 www mcmichael com McMichael Canadian Art Collection Archived from the original on 3 February 2017 Retrieved 27 November 2016 Murray 2003 p 11 a b Murray 2003 p 12 Larisey 1993 pp 8 9 Adamson 1978 p 13 Chronology by Peter Larisey King 2012 p 27 30 Adamson 1978 p 14 Chronology by Peter Larisey Murray 2003 p 15 Larisey 1993 p 46 King 2012 p 60 King 2012 p 62 King 2012 p 74 King 2012 p 78 Adamson 1978 p 15 Chronology by Peter Larisey James King talks about Lawren Harris and Tom Thomson www youtube com McMichael Canadian Art Collection Kleinburg Retrieved 2021 12 14 a b Murray 2003 p 30 Murray 2003 p 31ff Murray 2003 p 32 Adamson 1978 p 140ff Murray 2003 p 40 King 2012 p xxiv Brooklyn Museum www brooklynmuseum org Brooklyn Museum Retrieved 2021 06 18 Murray 1994a p 14 Pfaff Larry Lawren Harris and the International Exhibition of Modern Art www jstor org RACAR revue d art canadienne Canadian Art Review Vol 11 No 1 2 1984 pp 79 96 JSTOR 42631017 Retrieved 2021 08 06 Adamson 1978 p 203 Murray 2003 p 42ff Zemans Joyce 2010 Abstract and Non objective Art in English Canada The Visual Arts in Canada the Twentieth Century Foss Brian Paikowsky Sandra Whitelaw Anne eds Don Mills Ont Oxford University Press pp 164 165 ISBN 978 0 19 542125 5 OCLC 432401392 Reid 1985 p 11 Harris 1954 p 16 Murray 2003 p 42 a b Murray 2003 p 52 Reid 1985 p 106 McMann Evelyn 1981 Royal Canadian Academy of Arts Toronto University of Toronto Press Retrieved 2022 06 02 Murray 2003 p Chronology Reid 1985 p 107 108 Directory of Federal Heritage Designations Parks Canada Retrieved 2022 05 29 Lawren Harris Park www toronto ca Toronto Retrieved 2021 08 06 The Idea of North The Paintings of Lawren Harris hammer ucla edu Hammer Museum Retrieved 2021 08 06 Lawren Harris film captures acclaimed painter s life and times Toronto Star Lauren La Rose June 25 2016 Aragon Antonio HIGHER STATES LAWREN S HARRIS AND HIS NORTH AMERICAN CONTEMPORARIES www gallery ca Magazine National Gallery of Canada Ottawa 2017 Retrieved 2021 08 06 chronicle of Canada Montreal 1990 Chronicle Publications at pp 858 859 Baffin Island painting sold for record 2 2 million CBC News 30 May 2001 Retrieved 27 November 2016 Lawren Harris painting sells for 1 38 million CTV ca retrieved on May 16 2007 Group of Seven founder s art worth 1M Archived 2012 11 08 at the Wayback Machine Canwest News Service retrieved on November 25 2008 Group of Seven sketch draws 3 5M CBC News Dhillon Sunny 27 May 2010 Lawren Harris painting goes for 2 8 million at Heffel auction Toronto Star Toronto Star Retrieved 27 November 2016 Lawren Harris Tom Thomson and Alex Colville paintings smash records at auction CBC News November 26 2015 Retrieved November 27 2015 Wheeler Brad 24 November 2016 Lawren Harris Mountain Forms painting sells for record 11 2 million The Globe and Mail Retrieved 24 November 2016 Bibliography EditPrimary sources Edit Harris Lawren 1922 Contrasts A Book of Verse Toronto McClelland amp Stewart July 1926 The Revelation of Art in Canada Canadian Theosophist 7 85 88 May 1927 Modern Art and Aesthetic Reactions An Appreciation Canadian Forum 7 239 41 1929 Creative Art and Canada In Brooker Bertram ed Yearbook of the Arts in Canada 1928 29 Toronto Macmillan pp 177 86 15 July 1933 Theosophy and Art Canadian Theosophist 14 5 129 32 15 Aug 1933 Theosophy and Art Canadian Theosophist 14 6 161 6 Dec 1933 Different Idioms in Creative Art Canadian Comment 2 12 5 6 32 October 1943 The Function of Art Art Gallery Bulletin Vancouver Art Gallery 2 2 3 1948 The Group of Seven in Canadian History Canadian Historical Association Report of the Annual Meeting held at Victoria and Vancouver 16 19 June 1948 Toronto University of Toronto Press pp 28 38 Jan 1949 An Essay on Abstract Painting Royal Architectural Institute of Canada Journal 26 1 3 8 1954 Abstract Painting A Disquisition Toronto Rous and Mann Press 1964 The Story of the Group of Seven Toronto Rous and Mann Press reproduced in Murray Joan Harris Lawren 1993 The Best of the Group of Seven McClelland amp Stewart ISBN 0 7710 6674 0 Harris Lawren Summer 1987 Lawren Harris s Fallacies About Art Canadian Literature 113 114 129 143 Retrieved 2021 04 30 Secondary sources Edit Adamson Jeremy 2008 Lawren Harris Towards an Art of the Spiritual The Thomson Collection at the Art Gallery of Ontario Toronto Skylet pp 67 87 Bell Andrew Christmas 1948 Lawren Harris A Retrospective Exhibition of His Painting 1910 1948 Canadian Art 6 2 50 3 Boyanoski Christine 1989 Charles Comfort s Lake Superior Village and the Great Lakes Exhibition Journal of Canadian Art History 12 2 174 98 Carr Angela K 1998 Portrait of Dr Salem Bland Another Spiritual Journey for Lawren S Harris Journal of Canadian Art History 19 2 6 27 Christensen Lisa 2000 A Hiker s Guide to the Rocky Mountain Art of Lawren Harris Calgary Fifth House Duncan Norman 1909 Going Down from Jerusalem The Narrative of a Sentimental Traveller New York and London Harper and Brothers Duval Paul 2011 Where the Universe Sings Toronto Cerebrus Fairley Barker June 1921 Some Canadian Painters Lawren Harris Canadian Forum 1 275 78 Foss Brian 1999 Snychronism in Canada Lawren Harris Decorative Landscape and Willard Huntington Wright 1916 1917 Journal of Canadian Art History 20 1 2 68 91 Frye Northrop Christmas 1948 The Pursuit of Form Canadian Art 6 2 54 7 Harris Bess Colgrove R G P eds 1969 Lawren Harris Toronto Macmillan of Canada King James 2012 Inward Journey The Life of Lawren Harris Toronto Thomas Allen Larisey Peter 1982 The Landscape Painting of Lawren Stewart Harris Ph D thesis Columbia University 1993 Light for a Cold Land Lawren Harris s Work and Life An Interpretation Toronto Dundurn 1974 Nationalist Aspects of Lawren S Harris s Aesthetics National Gallery of Canada Bulletin Galerie National du Canada Bulletin 23 3 9 1974 A Portfolio of Landscapes by Lawren S Harris Carton de paysages de Lawren S Harris National Gallery of Canada Bulletin Galerie National du Canada Bulletin 23 10 16 Lauder Brian Summer 1976 Two Radicals Richard Maurice Bucke and Lawren Harris Dalhousie Review 56 2 307 18 Linsley Robert 1996 Landscapes in Motion Lawren Harris and the Heterogeneous Modern Nation Oxford Art Journal 19 1 80 95 doi 10 1093 oxartj 19 1 80 Mandel Eli Oct Nov 1978 The Inward Northward Journey of Lawren Harris Artscanada 35 3 17 24 Mergen Bernard 1997 The Modern Minds of Winter Washington DC Smithsonian Institution Press pp 207 46 Murray Joan 2003 Lawren Harris An Introduction to his Life and Art Toronto Firefly Books p 9 Retrieved 2021 04 26 Murray Joan 1994b Northern lights masterpieces of Tom Thomson and the Group of Seven Toronto Key Porter Retrieved 2021 04 20 Murray Joan 1994a Origins of Abstraction in Canada Modernist Pioneers Oshawa Robert McLaughlin Gallery Retrieved 2021 06 18 Murray Joan Summer 1987 The Literary Lawren Harris Introduction to Lawren Harris s Fallacies About Art Canadian Literature 113 114 129 143 Retrieved 2021 04 30 Murray Joan Fulford Robert 1982 The Beginning of Vision The Drawings of Lawren S Harris Toronto Douglas amp McIntyre in association with Mira Godard Editions Nasgaard Roald Owens Gwendolyn 2017 Higher States Lawren S Harris and his North American Contemporaries Fredericton New Brunswick and Kleinburg Ontario Goose Lane Editions and McMichael Canadian Art Collection Retrieved 2021 08 06 Plaff L R 1978 Portraits by Lawren Harris Salem Bland and Others RACAR Revue d art canadienne Canadian Art Review 5 1 21 7 doi 10 7202 1077314ar Reid Dennis Dec 1968 Lawren Harris Artscanada 25 5 9 16 Robins John Apr May 1944 Lawren Harris Canadian Review of Music and Other Arts 2 3 4 13 14 Smith Sydney Feb Mar 1942 The Recent Abstract Work of Lawren Harris Maritime Art 2 3 79 81 Street Linda Marjorie 1980 Emily Carr Lawren Harris and Theosophy 1927 1933 Dissertation Ottawa Carleton University Trainor James Feb 2001 Facing North Border Crossings 20 1 61 3 What B C Means to Nine of Its Best Artists Maclean s Vol 71 no 10 10 May 1958 pp 27 33 Exhibition catalogues Edit Adamson Jeremy 1978 Lawren S Harris Urban Scenes and Wilderness Landscapes 1906 1930 Toronto Art Gallery of Ontario Chronology by Peter Larisey Hunter Andrew 2000 Lawren Stewart Harris A Painter s Progress New York Americas Society ISBN 9781879128217 Jackson Christopher 1991 Lawren Harris North by West The Arctic and Rocky Mountain Paintings of Lawren Harris 1924 1931 Lawren Harris le Grand Nord via l Ouest les tableaux de l Arctique et des Rocheuses peints par Lawren Harris de 1924 a 1931 Calgary Glenbow Museum Lawren Harris Paintings 1910 1948 Toronto Art Gallery of Toronto 1948 Lawren Harris Retrospective Exhibition 1963 Ottawa National Gallery of Canada 1963 Lawren P Harris 37 72 Halifax Dalhousie Art Gallery Halifax 1972 Martin Steve Burlingham Cynthia Hunter Andrew Quinn Karen 2015 The Idea of North The Paintings of Lawren Harris Toronto Art Gallery of Ontario ISBN 978 3791354705 Reid Dennis 1985 Atma Buddhi Manas The Later Work of Lawren S Harris Toronto Art Gallery of Ontario The Group of Seven and Canadian art Edit Boulet Roger 1982 The Canadian Earth M Bernard Loates Cerebrus Publishing ISBN 0920016103 archived from the original on 2012 12 08 Cole Douglas Summer 1978 Artists Patrons and Public An Inquiry into the Success of the Group of Seven Journal of Canadian Studies 13 2 69 78 doi 10 3138 jcs 13 2 69 S2CID 152198969 Colgate William 1943 Canadian Art Its Origin and Development Toronto Ryerson Press Davis Ann 1992 The Logic of Ecstasy Canadian Mystical Painting 1920 1940 Toronto University of Toronto Press Dawn Leslie 2006 National Visions National Blindness Canadian Art and Identities in the 1920s Vancouver UBC Press Dejardin Ian ed 2011 Painting Canada Tom Thomson and the Group of Seven London Dulwich Picture Gallery Duvall Paul 1972 Four Decades The Canadian Group of Painters and Their Contemporaries 1930 1970 Toronto Clarke Irwin Grace Sherrill E 2004 Canada and the Idea of North Montreal McGill Queen s University Press Harper J Russell 1966 Painting in Canada A History Toronto University of Toronto Press Hill Charles C 1995 The Group of Seven Art for a Nation Ottawa National Gallery of Canada Housser F B 1926 A Canadian Art Movement The Story of the Group of Seven Toronto Macmillan Hubbard R H 1963 The Development of Canadian Art Ottawa National Gallery of Canada Jackson A Y 1958 A Painter s Country Toronto Clarke Irwin King Ross 2010 Defiant Spirits The Modernist Revolution of the Group of Seven D amp M Publishers ISBN 978 1553658078 MacDonald Thoreau 1944 The Group of Seven Toronto Ryerson Press MacTavish Newton 1925 The Fine Arts in Canada Toronto Macmillan McInnis Graham C 1950 Canadian Art Toronto Macmillan McKay Marylin J 2011 Picturing the Land Narrating Territories in Canadian Landscape Art 1500 1950 Montreal McGill Queen s University Press Mellen Peter 1970 The Group of Seven Toronto McClelland and Stewart ISBN 9780771058158 Murray Joan 1994 Northern lights masterpieces of Tom Thomson and the Group of Seven Toronto Key Porter Retrieved 2021 04 20 Murray Joan 1993 The Best of the Group of Seven McClelland amp Stewart ISBN 0 7710 6674 0 O Brian John White Peter eds 2007 Beyond Wilderness The Group of Seven Canadian Identity and Contemporary Art Montreal McGill Queen s University Press Orford Emily Jane Hills 2008 The Creative Spirit Stories of 20th Century Artists Ottawa Baico Publishing ISBN 978 1 897449 18 9 Reid Dennis 1970 The Group of Seven Ottawa The National Gallery of Canada Robson Albert H 1932 Canadian Landscape Painters Toronto Ryerson Press Rosenblum Robert 1975 Modern Painting and the Northern Romantic Tradition Friedrich to Rothko New York Harper amp Row Silcox David P 2011 The Group of Seven and Tom Thomson Richmond Hill Firefly Books ISBN 978 1554078851 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lawren Harris Murray Joan Lawren Harris www thecanadianencyclopedia ca Canadian Encyclopedia Retrieved 2021 08 06 McMichael Canadian Art Collection Group of Seven Lawren Harris Detailed Biography of Lawren Harris and Artworks retrieved on May 25 2007 Lawren Harris Collection at the National Gallery of Canada Ottawa Ontario Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lawren Harris amp oldid 1142664480, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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