Arthur Lismer
Arthur Lismer, CC RCA LL. D. (27 June 1885 – 23 March 1969) was an English-Canadian painter, member of the Group of Seven and educator. He is known primarily as a landscape painter and for his paintings of ships in dazzle camouflage.
Early life Edit
Lismer was born in Sheffield, Yorkshire, England, the son of Harriet and Edward Lismer, a draper's buyer.[1] At age thirteen, he apprenticed at a photo-engraving company. He was awarded a scholarship, and used this time to take evening classes at the Sheffield School of Art from 1898 until 1905. In 1905, he moved to Antwerp, Belgium, where he studied art at the Academie Royale.
Lismer immigrated to Canada in 1911, settled in Toronto, Ontario, and took a job with Grip Ltd.
President of NSCAD University Edit
From 1916 to 1919 Lismer served as the President of the Victoria College of Art in Nova Scotia (now NSCAD University).
Official war artist Edit
In wartime Halifax, Lismer was inspired by the shipping and naval activity of the port, notably the dramatically painted dazzle camouflaged ships with their patterns of curved and zigzag lines designed to mislead German U-boats and submarines. Lismer's work came to the attention of Lord Beaverbrook who arranged for Lismer to be commissioned as an official war artist.[2] His best-known work from the war years depicted what he observed and learned about in Halifax, Nova Scotia: Mine sweeping, convoying, patrolling and harbor defense.[3] Lismer completed a number of oil studies and finished several major canvases during 1918 and 1919. These included the large and ebullient Convoy in Bedford Basin (c.1919), which depicts merchant ships forming a transatlantic convoy near Halifax.[4] He also did some sketches of the Halifax Explosion.[5]
During his time as a war artist, he wrote a booklet for the Canadian Armed Services titled How to get started: Watercolor Painting for Pleasure.
Group of Seven Edit
Lismer returned to Toronto in 1919 when he was appointed vice-principal of the Ontario College of Art.[6] With the collaboration of four artists at Grip where Lismer had previously worked, he helped found the Group of Seven, whose work was intended to contribute to the process of giving Canada a distinctive national voice in painting.[7][A] He also worked with the cadre at Grip.[8]
Arthur Lismer's style was influenced by his pre-Canadian experience (primarily in Antwerp), where he found the Barbizon and post-impressionist movements a key inspiration. Collaborating with the group of artists who would, in 1920, become the Group of Seven, Lismer exhibited the characteristic post-impressionist style, and spiritual connection with the landscape that would embody that group's work. Like the other members of the Group of Seven many of his works began as small en plein air sketches in oil on hardboard.[9]
During the Centennial of the City of Toronto, in 1934, Lismer was on the Pictures Committee. His work in art education was effective; and this service to the wider community caused Lismer to become influential in ways not always achieved by his artist colleagues. For example, he started a children's art program at the Art Gallery of Toronto, which became successful in the 1930s.[10] In 1936, as Lismer's prominence in the field of art education involved him in international travels, he went on a one-year tour of South Africa. Together with art educator Norah McCullough, he organized art education programmes, lectured on Canadian art and gave workshops for teachers. On the trip, he painted extensively in watercolour.[11]
He moved to Montreal in 1940, as a result of being given a teaching appointment at the Art Association of Montreal and established the MMFA School of Art and Design. He joined the McGill School of Architecture as a sessional lecturer in 1943 at the invitation of John Bland, the School’s director, and was appointed assistant professor in 1945, retiring in 1955 at the age of seventy.[12]
Between 1940 and 1950, he travelled in the summertime to the east coast of Canada to paint. He particularly liked to paint fishermen`s gear on the docks of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia.[13]
In 1951, a retrospective exhibition of Lismer's work, originating at the Art Gallery of Toronto, traveled in an abbreviated version to the Art Gallery of Greater Victoria, the Vancouver Art Gallery and the University of British Columbia Fine Arts Gallery and may have influenced him to take his first trip to the West Coast in the summer of that year. Using Galiano Island as a base, he explored Pender and Saltspring Islands, as well as Victoria and Long Beach on Vancouver Island.[14]
Several members of the Group of Seven including Lismer became members of the Canadian Group of Painters in 1933.[15] In 1962, he received the Canada Council Medal for his contribution to Canadian art.[9] In 1967, he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada.
Lismer died on March 23, 1969, in Montreal, Quebec, and was buried alongside other members of the original Seven at the McMichael Canadian Art Collection Grounds.
Legacy Edit
In Toronto, Lismer Hall, the auditorium at Humberside Collegiate Institute is named in his honour. He painted one of the largest murals in Canada for the school during the 1930s that hangs on the auditorium's walls today.[16]
Lismer has been designated as an Historic Person in the Directory of Federal Heritage Designations.[17]
Record sale prices Edit
At the June 8, 2023 Cowley Abbott Auction, Artwork from an Important Private Collection - Part II, A September Gale, Georgian Bay (1921), oil on wood, 11.5 x 16 ins ( 29.2 x 40.6 cms ), Auction Estimate: $100,000.00 - $150,000.00, realized a price of $432,000.00.[18]
See also Edit
References Edit
Notes Edit
- ^ Several members of the Group of Seven later became members of the Canadian Group of Painters including Lawren Harris, A. J. Casson, Arthur Lismer, A. Y. Jackson, and Franklin Carmichael. The group was known for its depictions of the North American wilderness.
Citations Edit
- ^ Grant, Anita (1996). "Lismer in Sheffield". Journal of Canadian Art History / Annales d'Histoire de l'Art Canadien. 17 (1): 36–49. JSTOR 42615266.
- ^ Brandon, Laura. (2008). Art and War, p. 46., p. 46, at Google Books
- ^ Gallatin, Albert. (1919). Art and the Great War, p. 142., p. 142, at Google Books
- ^ Brandon, Laura (2021). War Art in Canada: A Critical History. Toronto: Art Canada Institute. ISBN 978-1-4871-0271-5.
- ^ Kelly, Gemey. "The Group of Seven and the Halifax Harbour Explosion: Focus on Arthur Lismer" (PDF). CBC. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
- ^ Hill, Charles C. "Article". cowleyabbott.ca. Cowley Abbott Auction. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
- ^ Grigor, Angela Nairne. (2002). Arthur Lismer, Visionary Art Educator, p. 54., p. 54, at Google Books
- ^ Lismer, Arthur. "Canadian Encyclopedia". thecanadianencyclopedia.com. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
- ^ a b Bradfield, Helen (1970). Art Gallery of Ontario: the canadian collection. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Company. pp. 245–250. ISBN 0070925046. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
- ^ Reid, Dennis R. (1988). A Concise History of Canadian Painting, p. 179.
- ^ McCullough, Norah (1987). Arthur Lismer Watercolours. Guelph: Macdonald Stewart Art Centre. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
- ^ "Arthur Lismer's McGill Sketchbook". www.mcgill.ca. McGill U. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
- ^ Reid, Dennis (1985). Canadian Jungle: The Later Work of Arthur Lismer. Toronto: Art Gallery of Ontario. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
- ^ Dennis, Reid (1985). Canadian Jungle: The Later Work of Arthur Lismer. Art Gallery of Ontario, 1985. ISBN 9780919777170. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
- ^ . Royal Canadian Academy of Arts. Archived from the original on 26 May 2011. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
- ^ Liong, Alvin. "lismer's beautiful white twisted fantasy". alvinluong.com. Alvin Luong. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
- ^ "Directory of Federal Heritage Designations". Parks Canada. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
- ^ "Article". cowleyabbott.ca. Cowley Abbott Auction. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
Bibliography Edit
- Boulet, Roger; Group of Seven and Tom Thomson (1982), The Canadian Earth, M. Bernard Loates, Cerebrus Publishing, ISBN 0920016103
- Brandon, Laura. (2008). Art and War. New York: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 9781845112370; OCLC 225345535
- Brandon, Laura. (2021). War Art in Canada: A Critical History. Toronto: Art Canada Institute, 2021. ISBN 978-1-4871-0271-5.
- Darroch, Lois. (1981). Bright Land: a Warm Look at Arthur Lismer. Toronto: Merritt. ISBN 9780920886076; OCLC 421844431
- Gallatin, Albert Eugene. (1919). Art and the Great War. New York: E.P. Dutton. OCLC 422817
- Grigor, Angela Nairne. (2002). Arthur Lismer, Visionary Art Educator. Montréal : McGill-Queen's University Press, 2002. ISBN 9780773522954; OCLC 500964462
- Reid, Dennis R. (1988). A Concise History of Canadian Painting. Toronto: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195406641; ISBN 978-0-19-540663-4; OCLC 18378555
- Tooby, Michael (1991). Our Home and Native Land: Sheffield's Canadian Artists. Sheffield: Mappin Art Gallery. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
External links Edit
- War Art in Canada: A Critical History, by Laura Brandon published by the Art Canada Institute.
- Lismer, a NFB documentary
- Arthur Lismer, Lethbridge College Buchanan Art Collection
- Gallery of Lismer's works