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Malva

May 08, 2024

For other uses, see Malva (disambiguation).

Malva is a genus of herbaceous annual, biennial, and perennial plants in the family Malvaceae. It is one of several closely related genera in the family to bear the common English name mallow. The genus is widespread throughout the temperate, subtropical and tropical regions of Africa, Asia and Europe.[3]

Malva
Malva sylvestris
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Subfamily: Malvoideae
Tribe: Malveae
Genus: Malva
L.[1]
Type species
M. sylvestris[2]
Species

See text.

Synonyms[3]
  • Anthema Medik.
  • Axolopha Alef.
  • Bismalva Medik.
  • Dinacrusa G.Krebs
  • Lavatera L.
  • Navaea Webb & Berthel.
  • Olbia Medik.
  • Saviniona Webb & Berthel.
  • Stegia DC.
Malva sylvestris
Cheeseweed, Behbahan, Iran

The leaves are alternate, palmately lobed. The flowers are from 0.5–5 cm diameter, with five pink, lilac, purple or white petals.

Etymology edit

The word "mallow" is derived from Old English "mealwe", which was imported from Latin "malva", cognate with Ancient Greek μαλάχη (malakhē) meaning "mallow", both perhaps reflecting a Mediterranean term.[4]

In 1859, the colour mauve was named after the French name for this plant.

Uses edit

 
Wild Cheeseweed Field, Behbahan

Ornamental plant edit

Several species are widely grown as garden flowers.[citation needed] Very easily grown, short-lived perennials are often grown as ornamental plants.[5]

Food edit

Many species are edible as leaf vegetables[5] and commonly foraged. Known as ebegümeci in Turkish, it is used as vegetable in Turkey in various forms such as stuffing the leaves with bulgur or rice or using the boiled leaves as side dish. Malva verticillata (Chinese: 冬寒菜; pinyin: dōngháncài, Korean: 아욱 auk) is grown on a limited commercial scale in China; when made as a herbal infusion, it is used for its colon cleansing properties and as a weight loss supplement.[citation needed]

In the Levant, Malva nicaeensis leaves and fruit are used as food (e.g., khubeza patties).

Mild tasting, young mallow leaves can be a substitute for lettuce, whereas older leaves are better cooked as a leafy green vegetable. The buds and flowers can be used in salads. Small fruits that grow on the plants can also be eaten raw.[5]

Bodos of Northeast India cultivate a subspecies of Malva called lapha and use it extensively in their traditional cuisine, although its use is not much known among other people of India except in the northern Indian state of Kashmir where Malva leaves are a highly cherished vegetable dish called "Soachal".

Medical use edit

In Catalonia (Spain) they use the leaves to cure the sting or paresthesia of the stinging nettle (Urtica dioica).

Leaves of various species Malva have been used in traditional Austrian medicine internally as tea or externally as baths for treatment of disorders of the skin, gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract.[6] The leaves can also be chewed to soothe coughs or sore throats.[5]

Cultivation edit

Cultivation is by sowing the seeds directly outdoors in early spring. The seed is easy to collect, and they will often spread themselves by seed.

Some Malva species are invasive weeds, particularly in the Americas where they are not native.[3]

History edit

This plant is one of the earliest cited in recorded literature. The third century BC physician Diphilus of Siphnus wrote that "[mallow] juice lubricates the windpipe, nourishes, and is easily digested."[7] Horace mentions it in reference to his own diet, which he describes as very simple: "Me pascunt olivae, / me cichorea levesque malvae" ("As for me, olives, endives, and mallows provide sustenance").[8] Lord Monboddo describes his translation of an ancient epigram that demonstrates Malva was planted upon the graves of the ancients, stemming from the belief that the dead could feed on such perfect plants.[9]

Species edit

The following 61 species are accepted:[3]

  • Malva acerifolia (Cav.) Alef.
  • Malva × adulterina Wallr.
  • Malva aegyptia L.
  • Malva aethiopica C.J.S.Davis
  • Malva agrigentina (Tineo) Soldano, Banfi & Galasso
  • Malva alcea L. – greater musk-mallow, vervain mallow
  • Malva arborea (L.) Webb & Berthel.
  • Malva × arbosii Sennen
  • Malva assurgentiflora (Kellogg) M.F.Ray – island mallow, mission mallow, royal mallow, island tree mallow
  • Malva bucharica Iljin
  • Malva cachemiriana (Cambess.) Alef.
  • Malva cavanillesiana Raizada
  • Malva × clementii (Cheek) Stace
  • Malva × columbretensis (Juan & M.B.Crespo) Juan & M.B.Crespo
  • Malva cretica Cav.
  • Malva durieui Spach
  • Malva × egarensis Cadevall
  • Malva flava (Desf.) Alef.
  • Malva hispanica L.
  • Malva × inodora Ponert
  • Malva × intermedia Boreau
  • Malva leonardii I.Riedl
  • Malva lindsayi (Moran) M.F.Ray
  • Malva × litoralis Dethard. ex Rchb.
  • Malva longiflora (Boiss. & Reut.) Soldano, Banfi & Galasso
  • Malva ludwigii (L.) Soldano, Banfi & Galasso
  • Malva lusitanica (L.) Valdés
  • Malva maroccana (Batt. & Trab.) Verloove & Lambinon
  • Malva microphylla (Baker f.) Molero & J.M.Monts.
  • Malva moschata L. – musk-mallow
  • Malva multiflora (Cav.) Soldano, Banfi & Galasso
  • Malva neglecta Wallr. – dwarf mallow, buttonweed, cheeseplant, cheeseweed, common mallow, roundleaf mallow
  • Malva nicaeensis All. – French mallow, bull mallow
  • Malva oblongifolia (Boiss.) Soldano, Banfi & Galasso
  • Malva occidentalis (S.Watson) M.F.Ray
  • Malva olbia (L.) Alef.
  • Malva oxyloba Boiss.
  • Malva pacifica M.F.Ray
  • Malva pamiroalaica Iljin
  • Malva parviflora L. – least mallow, cheeseweed, cheeseweed mallow, small-whorl mallow
  • Malva phoenicea (Vent.) Alef.
  • Malva preissiana Miq. – Australian hollyhock
  • Malva punctata (All.) Alef.
  • Malva pusilla Sm. – small mallow
  • Malva qaiseri Abedin
  • Malva setigera K.F.Schimp. & Spenn.
  • Malva stenopetala (Coss. & Durieu ex Batt.) Soldano, Banfi & Galasso
  • Malva stipulacea Cav.
  • Malva subovata (DC.) Molero & J.M.Monts.
  • Malva sylvestris L. – common mallow, high mallow
  • Malva × tetuanensis Pau
  • Malva thuringiaca (L.) Vis.
  • Malva tournefortiana L.
  • Malva trimestris (L.) Salisb.
  • Malva unguiculata (Desf.) Alef.
  • Malva valdesii (Molero & J.M.Monts.) Soldano, Banfi & Galasso
  • Malva verticillata L. – Chinese mallow, cluster mallow
  • Malva vidalii (Pau) Molero & J.M.Monts.
  • Malva waziristanensis Blatt.
  • Malva weinmanniana (Besser ex Rchb.) Conran
  • Malva xizangensis Y.S.Ye, L.Fu & D.X.Duan

References edit

  1. ^ Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 12 March 2007. Archived from the original on 6 May 2009. Retrieved 16 February 2010.
  2. ^ "Malva L." Index Nominum Genericorum. International Association for Plant Taxonomy. 9 February 1996. Retrieved 9 May 2008.
  3. ^ a b c d "Malva Tourn. ex L." Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  4. ^ O.E.D (1989) 2nd.ed. vol.IX, p.271 col.3; P.Chantraine, Dictionnaire de la langue grecque, Klincksieck, Paris 1968, vol.2 p.662. The Italian linguist Vincenzo Cocco proposed an etymological link to Georgian malokhi, comparing also Hebrew מַלּוּחַ (malúakh) meaning "salty". Gordon Douglas Young, Mark William Chavalas, Richard E. Averbeck, Kevin L. Danti, (eds.) Crossing boundaries and linking horizons: studies in honor of Michael C. Astour on his 80th birthday, CDL Press, 1997 pp.162-3.
  5. ^ a b c d Nyerges, Christopher (2016). Foraging Wild Edible Plants of North America: More than 150 Delicious Recipes Using Nature's Edibles. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 100. ISBN 978-1-4930-1499-6.
  6. ^ Vogl, Sylvia; Picker, Paolo; Mihaly-Bison, Judit; Fakhrudin, Nanang; Atanasov, Atanas G.; Heiss, Elke H.; Wawrosch, Christoph; Reznicek, Gottfried; Dirsch, Verena M.; Saukel, Johannes; Kopp, Brigitte (2013). "Ethnopharmacological in vitro studies on Austria's folk medicine—An unexplored lore in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of 71 Austrian traditional herbal drugs". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 149 (3): 750–71. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.007. PMC 3791396. PMID 23770053.
  7. ^ Soyer, Alexis (1853). The Pantropheon: Or, History of Food and Its Preparation : from the Earliest Ages of the World. Ticknor, Reed, and Fields. p. 64.
  8. ^ Horace, Odes 31, ver 15, c. 30 BC
  9. ^ Letter from Monboddo to John Hope, 29 April 1779; reprinted by William Knight 1900 ISBN 1-85506-207-0.[page needed]

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Malva.
  •   Data related to Malva at Wikispecies
  • "Mallow" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 492–493.

May 08, 2024
malva, other, uses, disambiguation, genus, herbaceous, annual, biennial, perennial, plants, family, ceae, several, closely, related, genera, family, bear, common, english, name, mallow, genus, widespread, throughout, temperate, subtropical, tropical, regions, . For other uses see Malva disambiguation Malva is a genus of herbaceous annual biennial and perennial plants in the family Malvaceae It is one of several closely related genera in the family to bear the common English name mallow The genus is widespread throughout the temperate subtropical and tropical regions of Africa Asia and Europe 3 Malva Malva sylvestris Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Eudicots Clade Rosids Order Malvales Family Malvaceae Subfamily Malvoideae Tribe Malveae Genus MalvaL 1 Type species M sylvestris 2 Species See text Synonyms 3 Anthema Medik Axolopha Alef Bismalva Medik Dinacrusa G Krebs Lavatera L Navaea Webb amp Berthel Olbia Medik Saviniona Webb amp Berthel Stegia DC Malva sylvestris Cheeseweed Behbahan Iran The leaves are alternate palmately lobed The flowers are from 0 5 5 cm diameter with five pink lilac purple or white petals Contents 1 Etymology 2 Uses 2 1 Ornamental plant 2 2 Food 2 3 Medical use 3 Cultivation 4 History 5 Species 6 References 7 External linksEtymology editThe word mallow is derived from Old English mealwe which was imported from Latin malva cognate with Ancient Greek malaxh malakhe meaning mallow both perhaps reflecting a Mediterranean term 4 In 1859 the colour mauve was named after the French name for this plant Uses edit nbsp Wild Cheeseweed Field Behbahan Ornamental plant edit Several species are widely grown as garden flowers citation needed Very easily grown short lived perennials are often grown as ornamental plants 5 Food edit Many species are edible as leaf vegetables 5 and commonly foraged Known as ebegumeci in Turkish it is used as vegetable in Turkey in various forms such as stuffing the leaves with bulgur or rice or using the boiled leaves as side dish Malva verticillata Chinese 冬寒菜 pinyin dōnghancai Korean 아욱 auk is grown on a limited commercial scale in China when made as a herbal infusion it is used for its colon cleansing properties and as a weight loss supplement citation needed In the Levant Malva nicaeensis leaves and fruit are used as food e g khubeza patties Mild tasting young mallow leaves can be a substitute for lettuce whereas older leaves are better cooked as a leafy green vegetable The buds and flowers can be used in salads Small fruits that grow on the plants can also be eaten raw 5 Bodos of Northeast India cultivate a subspecies of Malva called lapha and use it extensively in their traditional cuisine although its use is not much known among other people of India except in the northern Indian state of Kashmir where Malva leaves are a highly cherished vegetable dish called Soachal Medical use edit In Catalonia Spain they use the leaves to cure the sting or paresthesia of the stinging nettle Urtica dioica Leaves of various species Malva have been used in traditional Austrian medicine internally as tea or externally as baths for treatment of disorders of the skin gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract 6 The leaves can also be chewed to soothe coughs or sore throats 5 Cultivation editCultivation is by sowing the seeds directly outdoors in early spring The seed is easy to collect and they will often spread themselves by seed Some Malva species are invasive weeds particularly in the Americas where they are not native 3 History editThis plant is one of the earliest cited in recorded literature The third century BC physician Diphilus of Siphnus wrote that mallow juice lubricates the windpipe nourishes and is easily digested 7 Horace mentions it in reference to his own diet which he describes as very simple Me pascunt olivae me cichorea levesque malvae As for me olives endives and mallows provide sustenance 8 Lord Monboddo describes his translation of an ancient epigram that demonstrates Malva was planted upon the graves of the ancients stemming from the belief that the dead could feed on such perfect plants 9 Species editThe following 61 species are accepted 3 Malva acerifolia Cav Alef Malva adulterina Wallr Malva aegyptia L Malva aethiopica C J S Davis Malva agrigentina Tineo Soldano Banfi amp Galasso Malva alcea L greater musk mallow vervain mallow Malva arborea L Webb amp Berthel Malva arbosii Sennen Malva assurgentiflora Kellogg M F Ray island mallow mission mallow royal mallow island tree mallow Malva bucharica Iljin Malva cachemiriana Cambess Alef Malva cavanillesiana Raizada Malva clementii Cheek Stace Malva columbretensis Juan amp M B Crespo Juan amp M B Crespo Malva cretica Cav Malva durieui Spach Malva egarensis Cadevall Malva flava Desf Alef Malva hispanica L Malva inodora Ponert Malva intermedia Boreau Malva leonardii I Riedl Malva lindsayi Moran M F Ray Malva litoralis Dethard ex Rchb Malva longiflora Boiss amp Reut Soldano Banfi amp Galasso Malva ludwigii L Soldano Banfi amp Galasso Malva lusitanica L Valdes Malva maroccana Batt amp Trab Verloove amp Lambinon Malva microphylla Baker f Molero amp J M Monts Malva moschata L musk mallow Malva multiflora Cav Soldano Banfi amp Galasso Malva neglecta Wallr dwarf mallow buttonweed cheeseplant cheeseweed common mallow roundleaf mallow Malva nicaeensis All French mallow bull mallow Malva oblongifolia Boiss Soldano Banfi amp Galasso Malva occidentalis S Watson M F Ray Malva olbia L Alef Malva oxyloba Boiss Malva pacifica M F Ray Malva pamiroalaica Iljin Malva parviflora L least mallow cheeseweed cheeseweed mallow small whorl mallow Malva phoenicea Vent Alef Malva preissiana Miq Australian hollyhock Malva punctata All Alef Malva pusilla Sm small mallow Malva qaiseri Abedin Malva setigera K F Schimp amp Spenn Malva stenopetala Coss amp Durieu ex Batt Soldano Banfi amp Galasso Malva stipulacea Cav Malva subovata DC Molero amp J M Monts Malva sylvestris L common mallow high mallow Malva tetuanensis Pau Malva thuringiaca L Vis Malva tournefortiana L Malva trimestris L Salisb Malva unguiculata Desf Alef Malva valdesii Molero amp J M Monts Soldano Banfi amp Galasso Malva verticillata L Chinese mallow cluster mallow Malva vidalii Pau Molero amp J M Monts Malva waziristanensis Blatt Malva weinmanniana Besser ex Rchb Conran Malva xizangensis Y S Ye L Fu amp D X DuanReferences edit Malva L Germplasm Resources Information Network United States Department of Agriculture 12 March 2007 Archived from the original on 6 May 2009 Retrieved 16 February 2010 Malva L Index Nominum Genericorum International Association for Plant Taxonomy 9 February 1996 Retrieved 9 May 2008 a b c d Malva Tourn ex L Plants of the World Online Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew 2017 Retrieved 14 June 2021 O E D 1989 2nd ed vol IX p 271 col 3 P Chantraine Dictionnaire de la langue grecque Klincksieck Paris 1968 vol 2 p 662 The Italian linguist Vincenzo Cocco proposed an etymological link to Georgian malokhi comparing also Hebrew מ ל ו ח maluakh meaning salty Gordon Douglas Young Mark William Chavalas Richard E Averbeck Kevin L Danti eds Crossing boundaries and linking horizons studies in honor of Michael C Astour on his 80th birthday CDL Press 1997 pp 162 3 a b c d Nyerges Christopher 2016 Foraging Wild Edible Plants of North America More than 150 Delicious Recipes Using Nature s Edibles Rowman amp Littlefield p 100 ISBN 978 1 4930 1499 6 Vogl Sylvia Picker Paolo Mihaly Bison Judit Fakhrudin Nanang Atanasov Atanas G Heiss Elke H Wawrosch Christoph Reznicek Gottfried Dirsch Verena M Saukel Johannes Kopp Brigitte 2013 Ethnopharmacological in vitro studies on Austria s folk medicine An unexplored lore in vitro anti inflammatory activities of 71 Austrian traditional herbal drugs Journal of Ethnopharmacology 149 3 750 71 doi 10 1016 j jep 2013 06 007 PMC 3791396 PMID 23770053 Soyer Alexis 1853 The Pantropheon Or History of Food and Its Preparation from the Earliest Ages of the World Ticknor Reed and Fields p 64 Horace Odes 31 ver 15 c 30 BC Letter from Monboddo to John Hope 29 April 1779 reprinted by William Knight 1900 ISBN 1 85506 207 0 page needed External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Malva nbsp Data related to Malva at Wikispecies Mallow Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 17 11th ed 1911 pp 492 493 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Malva amp oldid 1218344267, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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