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Latvia–Poland relations

Latvia–Poland relations are foreign relations between Latvia and Poland. Both countries enjoy good relations and are close allies. There are around 57,000 Poles living in Latvia.

Latvian-Polish relations

Latvia

Poland

Both countries are full members of the European Union, NATO, OECD, OSCE, Bucharest Nine, Three Seas Initiative, Council of Europe, Council of the Baltic Sea States and HELCOM.

History edit

 
Battle of Kircholm memorial in Salaspils, Latvia

Present-day Latvia was part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in its entirety until 1621, and then partially until the Partitions of Poland. It endured several Swedish invasions during the Polish–Swedish wars of 1600–1611, 1617–1618, 1621–1625, 1626–1629, 1655–1660 and 1700–1721. The Battle of Kircholm at modern Salaspils, Latvia, in which the Poles defeated the more numerous invading Swedes in 1605, is considered one of the greatest victories in Polish military history. It is commemorated in Salaspils.

In the 19th century, both Poles and Latvians were subjected to Russification policies within the Russian Empire. After World War I, both Latvia and Poland regained independence, and the nations became allies against the invading Soviet Russians. In January 1920 a joint Polish and Latvian force defeated the Red Army in the Battle of Daugavpils. The Polish victory in the Battle of Warsaw in August 1920, secured both Polish and Latvian independence. Both countries shared a common border in the interbellum.

In 1922, Poland and Latvia were among signatories of the Warsaw Accord, which however did not enter into force, as its other signatory Finland did not ratify it under pressure of Germany, which was hostile to Poland.[1] Instead, in 1925, Poland and Latvia together with Finland and Estonia signed a convention on conciliation and arbitration in Helsinki.[2]

In 1937–1938, both ethnic Poles and Latvians in the Soviet Union were subjected to genocidal campaigns carried out by the NKVD, known as the Polish Operation and the Latvian Operation respectively. Following the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, Poland and Latvia were both to be occupied by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. During the invasion of Poland by Germany and the Soviet Union at the start of World War II in September 1939, there were some 29,000 Polish citizens in Latvia, and soon 2,000 Polish refugees arrived to Latvia.[3] Aleksandra Piłsudska, widow of pre-war Polish leader Józef Piłsudski, with daughters Wanda and Jadwiga fled through Latvia to Sweden.[3] Poland was occupied by Germany and the Soviet Union since 1939, while Latvia was occupied solely by the Soviet Union since June 1940. Both nations were under common oppression, and many Poles and Latvians were forcefully deported by the Russians to Siberia.[4] In the course of Operation Barbarossa, from mid-1941, both countries were entirely occupied by Germany.

In 1942, Polish Prime Minister-in-Exile Władysław Sikorski's intervention to British and American authorities thwarted Soviet attempts to obtain Allied approval for the planned annexation of Latvia and eastern Poland.[5]

In 1944–1945, both countries were again occupied by Soviet forces. Soviet repressions and deportations of both Latvian and Polish citizens continued. Poland's formal independence was eventually restored, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime, while Latvia was annexed into the Soviet Union, thus both had no relationship until the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

After the fall of the USSR, both countries re-established diplomatic relations on August 30, 1991.

Modern relations edit

April 12, 2010, was declared a day of national mourning in Latvia to commemorate the 96 victims of the Smolensk air disaster, including Polish President Lech Kaczyński and his wife Maria Kaczyńska.[6]

The Polish Air Force takes part in the NATO Baltic Air Policing mission to guard the airspace over the Baltic states including Latvia. Since 2017, a Polish military contingent has been stationed in Latvia as part of the NATO Enhanced Forward Presence defense forces.

In 2022, Latvian and Polish gas grids were connected, following the commissioning of the GIPL interconnection, also providing Latvia with a connection to the EU gas market.[7]

NATO and EU edit

Poland joined NATO in 1999, whereas Latvia joined NATO in 2004. Both countries became members of the European Union in 2004.

Resident diplomatic missions edit

  • Latvia has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Riga.

Gallery edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Lubelski, Jakub (2010). "Związek Bałtycki i Trzecia Europa". Nowa Europa (in Polish). Vol. 1, no. 9. pp. 193–194.
  2. ^ Konwencja Koncyljacyjna i Arbitrażowa pomiędzy Polską, Estonją, Finlandją i Łotwą, podpisana w Helsingforsie dnia 17 stycznia 1925 r. (ratyfikowana zgodnie z ustawą z dnia 22 lipca 1925 r.)., Dz. U. z 1925 r. Nr 122, poz. 873
  3. ^ a b Jekabsons, Eriks (1995). "Uchodźcy wojskowi i cywilni z Polski na Łotwie 1939–1940". Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej (in Polish). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Semper. XXX: 147–148. ISSN 1230-5057.
  4. ^ "The Katyn Massacre - Basic Facts". Institute of National Remembrance. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  5. ^ Boćkowski, Daniel (1999). Czas nadziei. Obywatele Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w ZSRR i opieka nad nimi placówek polskich w latach 1940–1943 (in Polish). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Neriton, Instytut Historii Polskiej Akademii Nauk. p. 301. ISBN 83-86842-52-0.
  6. ^ "Łotwa i Estonia ogłaszają żałobę po śmierci prezydenta Kaczyńskiego". RMF 24 (in Polish). 12 April 2010. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  7. ^ "Inauguration of gas interconnection between Poland and Lithuania". European Commission. 5 May 2022. Retrieved 17 October 2023.

External links edit

  • Latvian embassy in Warsaw (in Latvian and Polish only)

latvia, poland, relations, foreign, relations, between, latvia, poland, both, countries, enjoy, good, relations, close, allies, there, around, poles, living, latvia, latvian, polish, relationslatvia, polandboth, countries, full, members, european, union, nato,. Latvia Poland relations are foreign relations between Latvia and Poland Both countries enjoy good relations and are close allies There are around 57 000 Poles living in Latvia Latvian Polish relationsLatvia PolandBoth countries are full members of the European Union NATO OECD OSCE Bucharest Nine Three Seas Initiative Council of Europe Council of the Baltic Sea States and HELCOM Contents 1 History 2 Modern relations 3 NATO and EU 4 Resident diplomatic missions 5 Gallery 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksHistory edit nbsp Battle of Kircholm memorial in Salaspils LatviaPresent day Latvia was part of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth in its entirety until 1621 and then partially until the Partitions of Poland It endured several Swedish invasions during the Polish Swedish wars of 1600 1611 1617 1618 1621 1625 1626 1629 1655 1660 and 1700 1721 The Battle of Kircholm at modern Salaspils Latvia in which the Poles defeated the more numerous invading Swedes in 1605 is considered one of the greatest victories in Polish military history It is commemorated in Salaspils In the 19th century both Poles and Latvians were subjected to Russification policies within the Russian Empire After World War I both Latvia and Poland regained independence and the nations became allies against the invading Soviet Russians In January 1920 a joint Polish and Latvian force defeated the Red Army in the Battle of Daugavpils The Polish victory in the Battle of Warsaw in August 1920 secured both Polish and Latvian independence Both countries shared a common border in the interbellum In 1922 Poland and Latvia were among signatories of the Warsaw Accord which however did not enter into force as its other signatory Finland did not ratify it under pressure of Germany which was hostile to Poland 1 Instead in 1925 Poland and Latvia together with Finland and Estonia signed a convention on conciliation and arbitration in Helsinki 2 In 1937 1938 both ethnic Poles and Latvians in the Soviet Union were subjected to genocidal campaigns carried out by the NKVD known as the Polish Operation and the Latvian Operation respectively Following the Molotov Ribbentrop Pact Poland and Latvia were both to be occupied by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union During the invasion of Poland by Germany and the Soviet Union at the start of World War II in September 1939 there were some 29 000 Polish citizens in Latvia and soon 2 000 Polish refugees arrived to Latvia 3 Aleksandra Pilsudska widow of pre war Polish leader Jozef Pilsudski with daughters Wanda and Jadwiga fled through Latvia to Sweden 3 Poland was occupied by Germany and the Soviet Union since 1939 while Latvia was occupied solely by the Soviet Union since June 1940 Both nations were under common oppression and many Poles and Latvians were forcefully deported by the Russians to Siberia 4 In the course of Operation Barbarossa from mid 1941 both countries were entirely occupied by Germany In 1942 Polish Prime Minister in Exile Wladyslaw Sikorski s intervention to British and American authorities thwarted Soviet attempts to obtain Allied approval for the planned annexation of Latvia and eastern Poland 5 In 1944 1945 both countries were again occupied by Soviet forces Soviet repressions and deportations of both Latvian and Polish citizens continued Poland s formal independence was eventually restored although with a Soviet installed communist regime while Latvia was annexed into the Soviet Union thus both had no relationship until the dissolution of the Soviet Union After the fall of the USSR both countries re established diplomatic relations on August 30 1991 Modern relations editApril 12 2010 was declared a day of national mourning in Latvia to commemorate the 96 victims of the Smolensk air disaster including Polish President Lech Kaczynski and his wife Maria Kaczynska 6 The Polish Air Force takes part in the NATO Baltic Air Policing mission to guard the airspace over the Baltic states including Latvia Since 2017 a Polish military contingent has been stationed in Latvia as part of the NATO Enhanced Forward Presence defense forces In 2022 Latvian and Polish gas grids were connected following the commissioning of the GIPL interconnection also providing Latvia with a connection to the EU gas market 7 NATO and EU editPoland joined NATO in 1999 whereas Latvia joined NATO in 2004 Both countries became members of the European Union in 2004 Resident diplomatic missions editLatvia has an embassy in Warsaw Poland has an embassy in Riga nbsp Embassy of Latvia in Warsaw nbsp Embassy of Poland in RigaGallery edit nbsp President of Poland Aleksander Kwasniewski with President of Latvia Vaira Vike Freiberga during his official visit to Latvia in 2005 nbsp President of Poland Andrzej Duda with President of Latvia Raimonds Vejonis during his official visit to Latvia in 2018See also editForeign relations of Latvia Foreign relations of Poland Poles in Latvia 2004 enlargement of the European Union Poland in the European UnionReferences edit Lubelski Jakub 2010 Zwiazek Baltycki i Trzecia Europa Nowa Europa in Polish Vol 1 no 9 pp 193 194 Konwencja Koncyljacyjna i Arbitrazowa pomiedzy Polska Estonja Finlandja i Lotwa podpisana w Helsingforsie dnia 17 stycznia 1925 r ratyfikowana zgodnie z ustawa z dnia 22 lipca 1925 r Dz U z 1925 r Nr 122 poz 873 a b Jekabsons Eriks 1995 Uchodzcy wojskowi i cywilni z Polski na Lotwie 1939 1940 Studia z Dziejow Rosji i Europy Srodkowo Wschodniej in Polish Warszawa Wydawnictwo Naukowe Semper XXX 147 148 ISSN 1230 5057 The Katyn Massacre Basic Facts Institute of National Remembrance Retrieved 17 October 2023 Bockowski Daniel 1999 Czas nadziei Obywatele Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w ZSRR i opieka nad nimi placowek polskich w latach 1940 1943 in Polish Warszawa Wydawnictwo Neriton Instytut Historii Polskiej Akademii Nauk p 301 ISBN 83 86842 52 0 Lotwa i Estonia oglaszaja zalobe po smierci prezydenta Kaczynskiego RMF 24 in Polish 12 April 2010 Retrieved 17 October 2023 Inauguration of gas interconnection between Poland and Lithuania European Commission 5 May 2022 Retrieved 17 October 2023 External links editLatvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Poland Latvian embassy in Warsaw in Latvian and Polish only Polish embassy in Riga Portals nbsp Politics nbsp Latvia nbsp Poland Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Latvia Poland relations amp oldid 1188565979, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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