The states agreed not to enter any other treaties to disadvantage of other members (Article 2), to communicate the other treaties to each other (Article 3), to resolve their disputes peacefully (Article 6), and to observe neutrality in case of an unprovoked attack on one of the signatories (Article 7).[3]
Of other issues, Article 1 stipulated reciprocal recognition of their treaties with (Soviet) Russia, Article 6 urged for conclusion of administrative and economic treaties, wherever missing, and Article 5 called for the guarantees of the rights of ethnic minorities. Article 8 set the validity term of 5 years, afterwards automatically extendable annually unless denunciated in advance.[3]
Historyedit
Poland under Józef Piłsudski aspired for creating its own sphere of influence in the Baltics, leaving Estonia under the influence of Finland, while getting Latvia and Lithuania under the Polish one.[1] Moreover, Piłsudski envisioned a grand Eastern European federation (Intermarium). However, the bitter dispute of Poland and Lithuania over the Vilnius Region was a major stumbling block.[1] Therefore, Lithuania did not participate in the accord and even actively opposed to it.[4] That made an alliance with Poland less attractive to Latvia and Estonia.[5]
Finnish Minister of Foreign Affairs Rudolf Holsti failed to get the accord ratified by the parliament and was served a vote of no confidence. That reflected a growing sentiment that Finland should align with either Germany,[6] or the rest of Scandinavia[1] instead of creating alliances with the Baltic states.
The resulting accord was the extent of Polish success in creating a Baltic bloc.[1][2][5]
Referencesedit
^ abcdeHiden, John; Salmon, Patrick (2014). The Baltic Nations and Europe: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in the Twentieth Century. Routledge. pp. 65–66. ISBN9781317890577.
^ abKirby, David (2014). The Baltic World 1772-1993: Europe's Northern Periphery in an Age of Change. Routledge. p. 287. ISBN9781317902188.
^ ab"Political Agreement, between Estonia, Finland, Lithuania and Poland, signed at Warsaw, on March 17, 1922" (PDF). League of Nations Treaty Series. Vol. XI. League of Nations. 1922. pp. 168–171.
^Gaigalaitė, Aldona (2017-04-12). "Ministras iš šaunios Zaunių šeimos" (in Lithuanian). Panevėžio miesto savivaldybės viešoji biblioteka. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
^ abLeonard, Raymond W. (1999). Secret Soldiers of the Revolution: Soviet Military Intelligence, 1918-1933. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 186. ISBN9780313309908.
^Hiden, John (2002). The Baltic States and Weimar Ostpolitik. Cambridge University Press. p. 122. ISBN9780521893251.
Further readingedit
David M. Crowe, The Baltic States And The Great Powers: Foreign Relations, 1938-1940, 2019, ISBN1000314804, pp. 17-19
External linksedit
Full text of the Warsaw Accord in French, with official English translation, as registered at the League of Nations (League of Nations, Treaty Series, Vol. XI, 1922, pp. 168–171)
Full text of the Warsaw Accord in English
January 01, 1970
warsaw, accord, accord, signed, march, 1922, finland, poland, estonia, latvia, finnish, parliament, failure, ratify, prevented, from, entering, into, force, contents, accord, summary, history, references, further, reading, external, linksaccord, summary, editt. The Warsaw Accord was an accord signed on 17 March 1922 by Finland Poland Estonia and Latvia The Finnish Parliament s failure to ratify it prevented it from entering into force 1 2 Contents 1 Accord summary 2 History 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External linksAccord summary editThe states agreed not to enter any other treaties to disadvantage of other members Article 2 to communicate the other treaties to each other Article 3 to resolve their disputes peacefully Article 6 and to observe neutrality in case of an unprovoked attack on one of the signatories Article 7 3 Of other issues Article 1 stipulated reciprocal recognition of their treaties with Soviet Russia Article 6 urged for conclusion of administrative and economic treaties wherever missing and Article 5 called for the guarantees of the rights of ethnic minorities Article 8 set the validity term of 5 years afterwards automatically extendable annually unless denunciated in advance 3 History editPoland under Jozef Pilsudski aspired for creating its own sphere of influence in the Baltics leaving Estonia under the influence of Finland while getting Latvia and Lithuania under the Polish one 1 Moreover Pilsudski envisioned a grand Eastern European federation Intermarium However the bitter dispute of Poland and Lithuania over the Vilnius Region was a major stumbling block 1 Therefore Lithuania did not participate in the accord and even actively opposed to it 4 That made an alliance with Poland less attractive to Latvia and Estonia 5 Finnish Minister of Foreign Affairs Rudolf Holsti failed to get the accord ratified by the parliament and was served a vote of no confidence That reflected a growing sentiment that Finland should align with either Germany 6 or the rest of Scandinavia 1 instead of creating alliances with the Baltic states The resulting accord was the extent of Polish success in creating a Baltic bloc 1 2 5 References edit a b c d e Hiden John Salmon Patrick 2014 The Baltic Nations and Europe Estonia Latvia and Lithuania in the Twentieth Century Routledge pp 65 66 ISBN 9781317890577 a b Kirby David 2014 The Baltic World 1772 1993 Europe s Northern Periphery in an Age of Change Routledge p 287 ISBN 9781317902188 a b Political Agreement between Estonia Finland Lithuania and Poland signed at Warsaw on March 17 1922 PDF League of Nations Treaty Series Vol XI League of Nations 1922 pp 168 171 Gaigalaite Aldona 2017 04 12 Ministras is saunios Zauniu seimos in Lithuanian Panevezio miesto savivaldybes viesoji biblioteka Retrieved 10 September 2017 a b Leonard Raymond W 1999 Secret Soldiers of the Revolution Soviet Military Intelligence 1918 1933 Greenwood Publishing Group p 186 ISBN 9780313309908 Hiden John 2002 The Baltic States and Weimar Ostpolitik Cambridge University Press p 122 ISBN 9780521893251 Further reading editDavid M Crowe The Baltic States And The Great Powers Foreign Relations 1938 1940 2019 ISBN 1000314804 pp 17 19External links editFull text of the Warsaw Accord in French with official English translation as registered at the League of Nations League of Nations Treaty Series Vol XI 1922 pp 168 171 Full text of the Warsaw Accord in English Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Warsaw Accord amp oldid 1212781859, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
