Larry Hoover
Larry Hoover (born November 30, 1950)[2][1][5] is a convicted and former American gang leader. He is the co-founder of the Chicago street gang, the Gangster Disciples.
Larry Hoover | |
|---|---|
| Born | November 30, 1950[1][2] Jackson, Mississippi, U.S. |
| Other names | King Larry |
| Criminal status | Imprisoned at ADX Florence in Florence, Colorado[3] |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 3 |
| Conviction(s) |
|
| Criminal penalty | Six life sentences |
Date apprehended | March 16, 1973 |
Hoover is currently serving six life sentences at the ADX Florence prison facility in Colorado. He was previously sentenced to life imprisonment plus 200 years for a 1973 murder, and then, received another life term in 1997 after a 17-year investigation of illegal activities under his watch. The latter of which he was convicted of conspiracy, extortion, money laundering, and running a continuing criminal enterprise from state prison.
Larry Hoover has made multiple attempts to have his sentence shortened.[6][7]
Early and personal life
Hoover was born on November 30, 1950 in Jackson, Mississippi. He moved to Chicago, Illinois at the age of four.[8] At the age of 13, Hoover dropped out of junior high and joined a gang called the Supreme Gangsters, when he was involved in petty theft and muggings.
In 1968, Hoover was romantically involved with Winndye Jenkins, with whom he shares one of his three children, son Larry Hoover Jr. They were denied marriage by the Illinois Department of Corrections until January 9, 2020, when they were deemed legally married by the U.S. Department of Justice.[citation needed]
Hoover was formerly associated with Gangster Disciple lieutenant, A'Marion Taylor. He also involved himself in fighting cold cases about murders that are only now coming to light, also tied to the organization.[9][10]
Biography
Gang and impact
In 1969, Hoover and David Barksdale called a truce and decided to combine both of their respective rival gangs (Supreme Gangsters and Black Disciples) together to become the Black Gangster Disciple Nation (BGDN).[11][12][13]
Death of David Barksdale and Disciple takeover
In 1974, after the leader of the Black Disciples, David Barksdale, died of kidney failure stemming from injuries incurred in a 1970 shooting, Hoover took over the reins of the Black Gangster Disciple Nation. He deemed himself the chairman of the crew. At the time, the Disciples had control of Chicago's South Side turf. Under Hoover's rule, the Black Gangster Disciple Nation took over a majority of the Chicago drug trade. While incarcerated, in 1978, Hoover, formed the Folk Nation, which added all gangs in his personal likeliness and interest to relate to the BDGN such as the Lady, Satan, Maniac Latin, Spanish Gangster Disciples, Ambrose, the Two-Two Boys, Two Sixers, Simon City Royals, North Side Insane Popes, La Raza Nation, Spanish Cobras, Imperial Gangsters, Harrison Gents, and the Latin Eagles. The Folk Nation maintained their ground from within prison property to drug-ruffled streets. While Hoover was incarcerated, he ran the gang's illicit drug trade both in prison and on the streets, starting from Chicago's West Side and later extending throughout the United States. Similarly, certain parts of the affiliated Folk Nation alliance began to expand to parts of the United States including the Midwest of which Chicago is in. As of 2022, the Gangster Disciples has confirmed expansions to Indianapolis, Kansas City, Minneapolis, Detroit, Milwaukee, Birmingham, Cincinnati, Memphis and Hoover's birthplace of Jackson.[14][15][16][citation needed]
The Folk Nation, including that of the Black Gangster Disciple Nation, also personified a rivalry with the People Nation, which included other gangs such as the Almighty Black P. Stone Nation (run by Jeff Fort, who today shares the same prison facility as Hoover and is also a Mississippi-born native),[17] Almighty Vice Lord Nation, Latin Kings, Mickey Cobras, South Side Almighty Insane Popes (the South Side faction were rivals with the Simon City Royals, Satan Disciples and Two Sixers, causing them to splinter themselves from the North Side faction), Almighty Saints and the Four Corner Hustlers.[18][19] The Gangster Disciples also engaged in a city rivalry with South Memphis crew, the Love Murdering Gangsters (formerly LMG Mafia).[20]
Dispute with the Black Disciples
In 1989, the Black Gangster Disciples began having leadership problems as they noticed Hoover's leadership of the Folk Nation alliance deteriorated once he shifted his sole focus toward the now-splintered Gangster Disciples.[21] The decline of the BGDN leadership infuriated a majority of its members and resulted in the two gangs separating into the aforementioned Gangster Disciples and the reincarnated Black Disciples. One instance of their split and later animosity was a drug dealing dispute in the Englewood neighborhood of Chicago's South Side, which escalated into a shooting that killed several people.[22] By early 1993, Hoover claimed to have renounced his violent criminal past and became an urban political celebrity in Chicago. Hoover proclaimed that the GD initials had changed to mean "Growth & Development."
As of July 2022, Hoover confirms that he no longer affiliates with the Gangster Disciples and wants "no part" of the gang "whatsoever". He also claims that he was "no longer the Larry Hoover people sometimes talk about, or he who is written about in the papers, or the crime figure described by the government."[6][7][23][24] Many believed it was a ruse for his plan to have his sentence reduced or either way appealed.[25]
Legal history
1973: William Young murder
On the evening of February 26, 1973, William "Pooky" Young, a 19-year-old neighborhood drug dealer, was abducted and later shot to death in an alley near 68th Street and Union Avenue in Englewood, a neighborhood on the South Side of Chicago. His killing was ordered by Hoover after his name was mentioned as one of three people accused of stealing drugs and money from the gang six days earlier.[26] On March 16, 1973, Hoover—along with Young's killer, Black Disciple member Andrew Howard—were both arrested. In November 1973, Howard and Hoover were both charged with murder and sentenced to life imprisonment plus 200 years in prison. Hoover was sent to Stateville Correctional Center in Crest Hill, Illinois, to serve out his term.[27]
1995: Criminal enterprise conviction
While in prison for murder, on August 22, 1995, after a 17-year undercover joint investigation by the Illinois Department of Corrections, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, Hoover was indicted for conspiracy, extortion, money laundering, drug-related offenses, and continuing to engage in a criminal enterprise.[28] A lengthy federal investigation using wiretaps led to Hoover getting arrested. Prosecutors alleged that his gang had 30,000 "soldiers" in 35 states and made $100 million a year. He was arrested at the Dixon Correctional Center by federal agents, and moved to the Metropolitan Correctional Center in downtown Chicago to stand trial. In 1997, Hoover was found guilty on all charges. He was sentenced to three additional life terms in federal prison. Hoover is currently serving his sentence at the ADX Florence in Fremont County, Colorado.[3][29]
Attempts to appeal
In 2021, Hoover, having hired Bill Cosby's former attorney, Jennifer Bonjean, tried to appeal his sentence under the First Step Act, but was denied by U.S. Judge Harry Leinenweber.[24][30]
Other endeavors
Book
In 1996, Hoover's teachings were published on a book titled The Blueprint of a New Concept: From Gangster Disciple to Growth & Development.[31][32][33]
The Larry Hoover Project
In 2014, Hoover's wife, Winndye Jenkins-Hoover, created the Larry Hoover Project, aimed to give her husband clemency and have his criminal history reviewed.[34]
Kanye West involvement
Chicago-born rapper Kanye West has, for over a decade, been a vocal advocate for Hoover's release from prison. On a demo version of his song "Hurricane", which was meant to appear on his since-scrapped project, Yandhi, West suggested calling his ex-wife, Kim Kardashian, to help release Hoover, following Kardashian's success on working with former U.S. president Donald Trump to free a number of federal prisoners.[35] On October 11, 2018, during a luncheon with Trump, West pleaded for clemency for Hoover.[36]
West's 2021 album, Donda, contains the track, "Jesus Lord", and its remix, "Jesus Lord, Pt. 2", which both feature a recorded message by Hoover's son, Larry, Jr., in which he discusses the "cracks" in America's criminal justice system, and talks about the impact of Hoover's incarceration on his family.[37] Three months later, on December 9, 2021, West, along with fellow rapper Drake, hosted a "Free Larry Hoover" benefit concert at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum; it was livestreamed via Amazon Prime Video.[38] Drake's performance and cry for Hoover's clemency was accidentally edited off of the original stream, but was later revised.[39] The main goal of the concert was to bring awareness to Hoover's case; West and Drake called for the release of Hoover and sought to raise awareness about prison and sentencing reform in the United States.[40] Though West and Drake had previously been involved in an ongoing rivalry,[41][42] they decided to put an end to their feud, focusing on putting their fame and influence to use by bringing awareness to Hoover's case by organizing the benefit concert.
In popular culture
Hoover appears via phone from prison on multiple skits of Geto Boys' 1996 album, The Resurrection, where he discusses his views on the prison system and the youth of the black community. By association with the Geto Boys, Rap-A-Lot Records founder J. Prince has shown support for Hoover following his incarceration and as of 2022, is calling for him to be pardoned.[43]
Rapper Rick Ross has mentioned Hoover and Black Mafia Family co-founder Big Meech by names on the chorus of his 2010 Teflon Don single, "B.M.F. (Blowin' Money Fast)": "I think I'm Big Meech, Larry Hoover / Whippin' work, hallelujah".[44]
References
- ^ a b Pitluk, Adam (April 28, 2009). Standing Eight: The Inspiring Story of Jesus "El Matador" Chavez, Who Became Lightweight Champion of the World. Hachette Books. ISBN 9780786733767 – via Google Books.
- ^ a b "Vibe Sep 1995".
- ^ a b "Inmate Locator – BOP Register No. 86063-024". Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
- ^ "Winndye Hoover, wife of Gangster Disciples founder Larry Hoover, holds onto hope for his eventual release". Chicago Sun-Times. 16 July 2021.
- ^ "Larry Hoover". Biography.com. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
- ^ a b "Larry Hoover tries again for sentencing break, says he wants 'nothing to do' with Gangster Disciples". Chicago Sun-Times. 7 July 2022.
- ^ a b "Leaderless Chicago street gangs vex police efforts to quell violence". Chicago Tribune.
- ^ "Larry Hoover". Biography. 12 September 2019. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
- ^ "Larry Hoover". Infoplease.
- ^ "PEOPLE v. HOWARD | 34 Ill. App.3d 145 (1975) | pp3d1451150 | Leagle.com". Leagle.
- ^ "Black Gangster Disciples Nation". 2017-01-31. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
- ^ "Gangster Disciples history and positions of authority". ActionNews5.com. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
- ^ "A Study of the Black Gangster Disciple Nation | Kibin". www.kibin.com. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
- ^ "Khalil Coleman: A Milwaukee Protest Leader's Chicago Gangland Ties". 2020-10-05. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
- ^ Tobin, Michael (2022-09-22). "Minneapolis gang violence intensifies after police defunding: 'It's like you're playing Russian roulette'". Fox News. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
- ^ "Alleged Leaders of Gangster Disciples Indicted on Federal Racketeering Charges". www.justice.gov. 2021-01-25. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
- ^ Smith, Ryan K. (2015-08-26). "Larry Hoover and Jeff Fort Eat Lunch Together In Prison | Don Diva Magazine". Retrieved 2023-01-17.
- ^ "Folk & People Nations". 2017-04-05. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
- ^ "Urban Dictionary: People Nation". Urban Dictionary. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
- ^ "G-Train & LMG Mafia (Love Murdering Gangsters) | Ghostarchive". ghostarchive.org. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
- ^ George, Knox. National Gang Crime Research Center. Archived from the original on 2023-01-17. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
- ^ "CHICAGO KILLINGS UP 12% IN '89". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2023-01-18.
- ^ "Larry Hoover tries again for sentencing break, says he wants 'nothing to do' with Gangster Disciples". Chicago Sun-Times. 2022-07-07. Retrieved 2023-01-18.
- ^ a b A, Aron (2022-07-07). "Larry Hoover Renounces The Gangster Disciples In Rare Public Comment". HotNewHipHop. Retrieved 2023-01-18.
- ^ "Gangster Disciples' Ex-Leader Larry Hoover Tries Again For Resentencing". BET. Retrieved 2023-01-18.
- ^ "The Gang that Could Go Straight". Chicago Reader. January 26, 1995.
- ^ "Why Is Larry Hoover In Prison".
- ^ "Larry Hoover & The Gangster Disciples". Drug Enforcement Administration. Archived from the original on 2013-06-26.
- ^ Binelli, Mark (26 March 2015). "Inside America's Toughest Federal Prison". New York Times. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
- ^ "Federal judge denies sentencing break to Larry Hoover, 'one of the most notorious criminals in Illinois history'". Chicago Sun-Times. 2021-07-06. Retrieved 2023-01-18.
- ^ "The Gang that Could Go Straight". 26 January 1995.
- ^ "Book It: A New Venture for the Disciples". Chicago Tribune.
- ^ "The Blueprint: From Gangster Disciple to Growth and Development". Retrieved 2023-01-18.
- ^ "Companies tied to Gangster Disciples co-founder Larry Hoover, his family and supporters facing new federal scrutiny". Chicago Sun-Times. 2022-03-11. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
- ^ "Kim Kardashian West Has Helped Release 17 People From Prison In The Last Three Months". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved 2021-11-23.
- ^ "Here's every word of Kanye West's bizarre meeting with President Trump". USA Today. Retrieved 2018-10-14.
- ^ ""Free my father, Larry Hoover Sr" on Kanye West's Donda album explained". The Focus. 2021-08-06. Retrieved 2021-08-14.
- ^ "Kanye West and Drake Officially Announce "Free Larry Hoover" Los Angeles Concert". Pitchfork. 2021-11-20. Retrieved 2021-11-22.
- ^ "Drake's Performance From Kanye's Free Larry Hoover Benefit Concert Mysteriously Cut From Amazon Prime". Hypebeast. 2021-12-16. Retrieved 2023-01-18.
- ^ France, Lisa Respers (9 December 2021). "Kanye West and Drake's benefit concert to stream on Amazon". CNN. Retrieved 2021-12-10.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Rindner, Grant (17 November 2021). "Five Good Things That Could Come From Drake and Kanye Squashing Their Beef". GQ.
- ^ "Drake Squashed Kanye West Beef Because He Saw 'The Bigger Picture' of Saving Lives". 8 December 2021.
- ^ "J Prince RELIVES His First Time Meeting LARRY HOOVER & SHARES The Conversation That Changed His Life | Ghostarchive". ghostarchive.org. Retrieved 2023-01-18.
- ^ "Larry Hoover Jr. speaks on Rick Ross saying his father's name in "B.M.F."". REVOLT. Retrieved 2023-01-18.
Further reading
- Cooley, Will (2017). "Jim Crow Organized Crime: Black Chicago's Underground Economy in the Twentieth Century". In Weems, Robert; Chambers, Jason (eds.). Building the Black Metropolis: African American Entrepreneurship in Chicago. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. pp. 147–170. ISBN 978-0252082948.
External links
- Charges Against 6 Dropped In Illinois Prison Riot Trial, UPI (June 2, 1981)