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Lajia

December 28, 2022

Lajia (Chinese: 喇家; pinyin: Lǎjiā) is a Bronze Age archaeological site in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, on the border between the Chinese provinces of Gansu and Qinghai. As at other sites of the Qijia culture (c. 2300–1500 BCE), the people of Lajia had an agricultural economy based primarily on millet cultivation and sheep herding. They also kept pigs for use in ritual activities, including making oracle bones, and experimented with a high temperature-fired pottery described as proto-porcelain. The world's oldest known noodles were discovered at the site in 2005.

Lajia
喇家
Location within Qinghai province
Alternative nameLajia Ruins
LocationChina
RegionQinghai
Coordinates35°51′51″N 102°48′37″E / 35.86405°N 102.81025°E / 35.86405; 102.81025
History
CulturesQijia
EventsEarthquake
Mudslide
Flood
Site notes
Excavation dates1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004[1]
ManagementLajia Site Museum
An ancient Chinese pot similar to those found at the Lajia site and those of the Qijia culture

A natural disaster that buried the site and killed many of its inhabitants in around 1920 BCE, but archaeologists continue to debate the exact cause of the catastrophe.

Background

Lajia is associated with the Qijia culture, an archaeological culture of northwestern China dated to the late Neolithic and early Bronze Age periods (c. 2300–1500 BCE).[2][3] Excavations at the site have unearthed various Qijia artifacts, including pottery, rings, stone, weapons and jade flakes.[3][4] Its moat is also typical of Qijia sites.[3] Some metal artifacts from Qijia sites are similar in style to finds from Central Asia and Siberia, suggesting frequent contact and cultural interactions.[5]

For most of the Qijia period, the Guanting Basin was relatively warm and moist.[6][7] The staple cereal crop of the Qijia culture was millet, which requires high rainfall and temperature to grow.[8] A significant decrease in mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature occurred between 1800 and 1400 BCE.[6] This coincided with the demise of the Qijia culture, perhaps because their reliance on millet cultivation meant they could not adapt to the changing climate.[9]

Finds

The world's oldest known noodles have been found at Lajia.[10] The thin yellow strands were found in an upturned pot in 2005 and radiocarbon dated to around 4,000 years ago (c. 2000 BCE).[10] They were originally thought to be made from a combination of foxtail and broomcorn millet,[11] but subsequent experiments have showed millet alone could not have formed noodles, and that the Lajia noodles must have incorporated other starches, perhaps barley or wheat.[12] Remnants of grains, including foxtail and broomcorn millet, and stems of Hordeum and Triticum species, have also been found at the site. The inhabitants used stone knives to process, peel, and cut them.[13]

The inhabitants of Lajia kept domesticated sheep, pigs and cattle. Sheep were primarily used for their milk and wool, but were also the main source of meat. Pigs were not slaughtered for their meat, but used in ritual activities.[14] Pig scapulae were modified for use as oracle bones for divination and, as is frequently seen at Qijia sites, deposited in burials.[5][14][15] Wild deer remains have also been found at the site; they must have been hunted by the people of Lajia, or traded from elsewhere.[14]

The pottery used at Lajia included pieces fired at extremely high temperatures to produce a glassy surface, a kind of proto-porcelain. Clays rich in flux were selected for their ability to vitrify at these temperatures. However, the technique used by the Lajia potters was unreliable and required large amounts of fuel, which is perhaps why the use of this proto-porcelain remained uncommon.[16]

Destruction

Main article: Jishi Gorge outburst flood

Lajia was destroyed by a natural disaster at Jishi Gore that buried the site in mud and killed many of its inhabitants.[17] The cause of this catastrophe is debated. The excavators of the site originally proposed a combination of simultaneous earthquakes and flooding of the Yellow River and mountain gullies.[17] More recent research has pointed to localised flash flooding and severe mudflows, which are known to occur in the area and could have been exacerbated by human activity.[18][19] A controversial[20] 2016 study proposed that an earthquake in 1920 BCE triggered a catastrophic outburst flood of the Yellow River, which the authors linked to the legendary Great Flood that, according to traditional Chinese historiography, led to the rise of the Xia dynasty.[21][22] Other researchers considered this implausible,[23][24][25] pointing out that the Lajia disaster took place over a hundred years after the 1920 earthquake,[26] and that the lake that is supposed to have burst to produce this flood ceased to exist nearly 2000 years prior.[24]

The simultaneous deaths of many people at Lajia provides a rare opportunity to study family relationships within prehistoric households. Analysis of ancient DNA from the remains of twelve people in one house showed that they belonged to multiple maternal lineages, ruling out a matrilineal social structure.[27]

References

  1. ^ Ye, Maolin (28 April 2005). "Archaeological discoveries at the Lajia site, Minhe County, Qinghai Province". Chinese Archaeology. from the original on 25 June 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2017.
  2. ^ Dittmar, Jenna M.; Berger, Elizabeth; Zhan, Xiaoya; Mao, Ruilin; Wang, Hui; Yeh, Hui-Yuan (December 2019). "Skeletal evidence for violent trauma from the bronze age Qijia culture (2,300-1,500 BCE), Gansu Province, China". International Journal of Paleopathology. 27: 66–79. doi:10.1016/j.ijpp.2019.08.002. ISSN 1879-9817. PMID 31606648.
  3. ^ a b c "Archaeological discoveries at the Lajia site, Minhe County, Qinghai Province". www.kaogu.cn. from the original on 24 July 2021. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  4. ^ "Prehistoric catastrophic remains found again at Lajia Site, Qinghai". kaogu.cn. from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  5. ^ a b Di Cosmo, Nicola (13 March 1999), "The Northern Frontier in Pre–Imperial China", The Cambridge History of Ancient China, Cambridge University Press, pp. 885–966, doi:10.1017/chol9780521470308.015, ISBN 978-1-139-05370-9
  6. ^ a b Zhao, Hui; Huang, Chun Chang; Wang, Huanye; Liu, Weiguo; Qiang, Xiaoke; Xu, Xinwen; et al. (October 2018). "Mid-late Holocene temperature and precipitation variations in the Guanting Basin, upper reaches of the Yellow River". Quaternary International. 490: 74–81. Bibcode:2018QuInt.490...74Z. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2018.05.009. ISSN 1040-6182.
  7. ^ Dong, Guanghui; Jia, Xin; An, Chengbang; Chen, Fahu; Zhao, Yan; Tao, Shichen; Ma, Minmin (January 2012). "Mid-Holocene climate change and its effect on prehistoric cultural evolution in eastern Qinghai Province, China". Quaternary Research. 77 (1): 23–30. Bibcode:2012QuRes..77...23D. doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2011.10.004. ISSN 0033-5894. S2CID 128679698.
  8. ^ Song, Jixiang; Zhao, Zhijun; Fuller, Dorian Q. (7 July 2012). "The archaeobotanical significance of immature millet grains: an experimental case study of Chinese millet crop processing". Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 22 (2): 141–152. doi:10.1007/s00334-012-0366-y. ISSN 0939-6314. S2CID 129911109.
  9. ^ An, Cheng-Bang; Tang, Lingyu; Barton, Loukas; Chen, Fa-Hu (May 2005). "Climate change and cultural response around 4000 cal yr B.P. in the western part of Chinese Loess Plateau". Quaternary Research. 63 (3): 347–352. Bibcode:2005QuRes..63..347A. doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2005.02.004. ISSN 0033-5894. S2CID 128546916.
  10. ^ a b "Oldest noodles unearthed in China". BBC News. 12 October 2005. from the original on 17 December 2010. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  11. ^ "4,000-Year-Old Noodles Found in China". National Geographic. 12 October 2005. from the original on 19 May 2021. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  12. ^ Ge, W.; Liu, L.; Chen, X.; Jin, Z. (2011). "Can noodles be made from millet? An experimental investigation of noodle manufacture together with starch grain analyses". Archaeometry. 53: 194–204. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4754.2010.00539.x.
  13. ^ Ma, Zhikun; Li, Quan; Huan, Xiujia; Yang, Xiaoyan; Zheng, Jingyun; Ye, Maolin (22 February 2014). "Plant microremains provide direct evidence for the functions of stone knives from the Lajia site, northwestern China". Chinese Science Bulletin. 59 (11): 1151–1158. Bibcode:2014ChSBu..59.1151M. doi:10.1007/s11434-014-0174-0. ISSN 1001-6538. S2CID 95717366.
  14. ^ a b c Fargo, David. Early Bronze Age Animal Use at Lajia, a Qijia Culture Site in Qinghai Province, China. OCLC 894364629.
  15. ^ Honghai, Chen (15 March 2013), "The Qijia Culture of the Upper Yellow River Valley", A Companion to Chinese Archaeology, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. 103–124, doi:10.1002/9781118325698.ch6, ISBN 978-1-118-32569-8
  16. ^ Zhou, X. Q.; Cui, J. F.; Ren, X. Y.; Wang, Q. Q.; Du, W.; Du, Z. W.; Liu, X. Y. (6 December 2018). "The Earliest High‐Fired Glazed Ceramic in China: Evidence from a Glazed Ceramic Sample from the Lajia Site, Qinghai Province". Archaeometry. 61 (3): 588–599. doi:10.1111/arcm.12447. ISSN 0003-813X.
  17. ^ a b Yang, Xiaoyan; Xia, Zhengkai; Ye, Maolin (1 September 2003). "Prehistoric disasters at Lajia Site, Qinghai, China". Chinese Science Bulletin. 48 (17): 1877–1881. Bibcode:2003ChSBu..48.1877Y. doi:10.1007/BF03184071. ISSN 1861-9541. S2CID 96531032.
  18. ^ Zhao, Hui; Huang, Chun Chang; Zheng, Zixing; Hu, Ying; Zhang, Yuzhu; Guo, Yongqiang; Zhou, Qiang (September 2017). "New evidence for the catastrophic demise of a prehistoric settlement (the Lajia Ruins) in the Guanting Basin, upper Yellow River, NW China". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 146: 134–141. Bibcode:2017JAESc.146..134Z. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.05.019. ISSN 1367-9120.
  19. ^ Wang, Haiyan; Huang, Chun Chang; Pang, Jiangli; Zhou, Yali; Cuan, Yuda; Guo, Yongqiang; et al. (January 2021). "Catastrophic flashflood and mudflow events in the pre-historical Lajia Ruins at the northeast margin of the Chinese Tibetan Plateau". Quaternary Science Reviews. 251: 106737. Bibcode:2021QSRv..25106737W. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106737. ISSN 0277-3791.
  20. ^ Wu, Qinglong; Zhao, Zhijun; Liu, Li; Granger, Darryl E.; Wang, Hui; Cohen, David J.; Wu, Xiaohong; Ye, Maolin; Bar-Yosef, Ofer; Lu, Bin; Zhang, Jin (31 March 2017). "Response to Comments on "Outburst flood at 1920 BCE supports historicity of China's Great Flood and the Xia dynasty"". Science. 355 (6332): 1382–1382. doi:10.1126/science.aal1325. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 28360294.
  21. ^ Wu, Qinglong; Zhao, Zhijun; Liu, Li; Granger, Darryl E.; Wang, Hui; Cohen, David J.; Wu, Xiaohong; Ye, Maolin; Bar-Yosef, Ofer; Lu, Bin; Zhang, Jin (5 August 2016). "Outburst flood at 1920 BCE supports historicity of China's Great Flood and the Xia dynasty". Science. 353 (6299): 579–582. doi:10.1126/science.aaf0842. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 27493183.
  22. ^ Li, Le; Chen, Jun; Hedding, David William; Fu, Yuanhe; Ye, Maolin; Li, Gaojun (16 October 2019). "Uranium isotopic constraints on the nature of the prehistoric flood at the Lajia site, China". Geology. 48 (1): 15–18. doi:10.1130/g46306.1. ISSN 0091-7613.
  23. ^ Wu, Wenxiang; Dai, Junhu; Zhou, Yang; Ge, Quansheng (31 March 2017). "Comment on "Outburst flood at 1920 BCE supports historicity of China's Great Flood and the Xia dynasty"". Science. 355 (6332): 1382–1382. doi:10.1126/science.aal1278. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 28360291.
  24. ^ a b Han, Jian-Chiu (30 March 2017). "Comment on "Outburst flood at 1920 BCE supports historicity of China's Great Flood and the Xia dynasty"". Science. 355 (6332): 1382.3–1382. Bibcode:2017Sci...355Q1382H. doi:10.1126/science.aal1369. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 28360292.
  25. ^ Huang, Chun Chang; Zhou, Yali; Zhang, Yuzhu; Guo, Yongqiang; Pang, Jiangli; Zhou, Qiang; Liu, Tao; Zha, Xiaochun (31 March 2017). "Comment on "Outburst flood at 1920 BCE supports historicity of China's Great Flood and the Xia dynasty"". Science. 355 (6332): 1382–1382. doi:10.1126/science.aak9657. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 28360293.
  26. ^ Dong, GuangHui; Zhang, FanYu; Liu, FengWen; Zhang, DongJu; Zhou, AiFeng; Yang, YiShi; Wang, GongHui (18 July 2017). "Multiple evidences indicate no relationship between prehistoric disasters in Lajia site and outburst flood in upper Yellow River valley, China". Science China Earth Sciences. 61 (4): 441–449. doi:10.1007/s11430-017-9079-3. ISSN 1674-7313. S2CID 134330532.
  27. ^ Gao, Shi-Zhu; Yang, Yi-Dai; Xu, Yue; Zhang, Quan-Chao; Zhu, Hong; Zhou, Hui (2007). "Tracing the genetic history of the Chinese people: Mitochondrial DNA analysis of aneolithic population from the Lajia site". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 133 (4): 1128–1136. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20623. ISSN 0002-9483. PMID 17506489.

External links

    Coordinates: 35°49′40″N 102°51′15″E / 35.82778°N 102.85417°E / 35.82778; 102.85417

    December 28, 2022
    lajia, chinese, 喇家, pinyin, lǎjiā, bronze, archaeological, site, upper, reaches, yellow, river, border, between, chinese, provinces, gansu, qinghai, other, sites, qijia, culture, 2300, 1500, people, agricultural, economy, based, primarily, millet, cultivation,. Lajia Chinese 喇家 pinyin Lǎjia is a Bronze Age archaeological site in the upper reaches of the Yellow River on the border between the Chinese provinces of Gansu and Qinghai As at other sites of the Qijia culture c 2300 1500 BCE the people of Lajia had an agricultural economy based primarily on millet cultivation and sheep herding They also kept pigs for use in ritual activities including making oracle bones and experimented with a high temperature fired pottery described as proto porcelain The world s oldest known noodles were discovered at the site in 2005 Lajia喇家Location within Qinghai provinceAlternative nameLajia RuinsLocationChinaRegionQinghaiCoordinates35 51 51 N 102 48 37 E 35 86405 N 102 81025 E 35 86405 102 81025HistoryCulturesQijiaEventsEarthquakeMudslideFloodSite notesExcavation dates1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 1 ManagementLajia Site MuseumAn ancient Chinese pot similar to those found at the Lajia site and those of the Qijia culture A natural disaster that buried the site and killed many of its inhabitants in around 1920 BCE but archaeologists continue to debate the exact cause of the catastrophe Contents 1 Background 2 Finds 3 Destruction 4 References 5 External linksBackground EditLajia is associated with the Qijia culture an archaeological culture of northwestern China dated to the late Neolithic and early Bronze Age periods c 2300 1500 BCE 2 3 Excavations at the site have unearthed various Qijia artifacts including pottery rings stone weapons and jade flakes 3 4 Its moat is also typical of Qijia sites 3 Some metal artifacts from Qijia sites are similar in style to finds from Central Asia and Siberia suggesting frequent contact and cultural interactions 5 For most of the Qijia period the Guanting Basin was relatively warm and moist 6 7 The staple cereal crop of the Qijia culture was millet which requires high rainfall and temperature to grow 8 A significant decrease in mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature occurred between 1800 and 1400 BCE 6 This coincided with the demise of the Qijia culture perhaps because their reliance on millet cultivation meant they could not adapt to the changing climate 9 Finds EditThe world s oldest known noodles have been found at Lajia 10 The thin yellow strands were found in an upturned pot in 2005 and radiocarbon dated to around 4 000 years ago c 2000 BCE 10 They were originally thought to be made from a combination of foxtail and broomcorn millet 11 but subsequent experiments have showed millet alone could not have formed noodles and that the Lajia noodles must have incorporated other starches perhaps barley or wheat 12 Remnants of grains including foxtail and broomcorn millet and stems of Hordeum and Triticum species have also been found at the site The inhabitants used stone knives to process peel and cut them 13 The inhabitants of Lajia kept domesticated sheep pigs and cattle Sheep were primarily used for their milk and wool but were also the main source of meat Pigs were not slaughtered for their meat but used in ritual activities 14 Pig scapulae were modified for use as oracle bones for divination and as is frequently seen at Qijia sites deposited in burials 5 14 15 Wild deer remains have also been found at the site they must have been hunted by the people of Lajia or traded from elsewhere 14 The pottery used at Lajia included pieces fired at extremely high temperatures to produce a glassy surface a kind of proto porcelain Clays rich in flux were selected for their ability to vitrify at these temperatures However the technique used by the Lajia potters was unreliable and required large amounts of fuel which is perhaps why the use of this proto porcelain remained uncommon 16 Destruction EditMain article Jishi Gorge outburst flood Lajia was destroyed by a natural disaster at Jishi Gore that buried the site in mud and killed many of its inhabitants 17 The cause of this catastrophe is debated The excavators of the site originally proposed a combination of simultaneous earthquakes and flooding of the Yellow River and mountain gullies 17 More recent research has pointed to localised flash flooding and severe mudflows which are known to occur in the area and could have been exacerbated by human activity 18 19 A controversial 20 2016 study proposed that an earthquake in 1920 BCE triggered a catastrophic outburst flood of the Yellow River which the authors linked to the legendary Great Flood that according to traditional Chinese historiography led to the rise of the Xia dynasty 21 22 Other researchers considered this implausible 23 24 25 pointing out that the Lajia disaster took place over a hundred years after the 1920 earthquake 26 and that the lake that is supposed to have burst to produce this flood ceased to exist nearly 2000 years prior 24 The simultaneous deaths of many people at Lajia provides a rare opportunity to study family relationships within prehistoric households Analysis of ancient DNA from the remains of twelve people in one house showed that they belonged to multiple maternal lineages ruling out a matrilineal social structure 27 References Edit Ye Maolin 28 April 2005 Archaeological discoveries at the Lajia site Minhe County Qinghai Province Chinese Archaeology Archived from the original on 25 June 2019 Retrieved 3 January 2017 Dittmar Jenna M Berger Elizabeth Zhan Xiaoya Mao Ruilin Wang Hui Yeh Hui Yuan December 2019 Skeletal evidence for violent trauma from the bronze age Qijia culture 2 300 1 500 BCE Gansu Province China International Journal of Paleopathology 27 66 79 doi 10 1016 j ijpp 2019 08 002 ISSN 1879 9817 PMID 31606648 a b c Archaeological discoveries at the Lajia site Minhe County Qinghai Province www kaogu cn Archived from the original on 24 July 2021 Retrieved 17 May 2021 Prehistoric catastrophic remains found again at Lajia Site Qinghai kaogu cn Archived from the original on 2 April 2019 Retrieved 17 May 2021 a b Di Cosmo Nicola 13 March 1999 The Northern Frontier in Pre Imperial China The Cambridge History of Ancient China Cambridge University Press pp 885 966 doi 10 1017 chol9780521470308 015 ISBN 978 1 139 05370 9 a b Zhao Hui Huang Chun Chang Wang Huanye Liu Weiguo Qiang Xiaoke Xu Xinwen et al October 2018 Mid late Holocene temperature and precipitation variations in the Guanting Basin upper reaches of the Yellow River Quaternary International 490 74 81 Bibcode 2018QuInt 490 74Z doi 10 1016 j quaint 2018 05 009 ISSN 1040 6182 Dong Guanghui Jia Xin An Chengbang Chen Fahu Zhao Yan Tao Shichen Ma Minmin January 2012 Mid Holocene climate change and its effect on prehistoric cultural evolution in eastern Qinghai Province China Quaternary Research 77 1 23 30 Bibcode 2012QuRes 77 23D doi 10 1016 j yqres 2011 10 004 ISSN 0033 5894 S2CID 128679698 Song Jixiang Zhao Zhijun Fuller Dorian Q 7 July 2012 The archaeobotanical significance of immature millet grains an experimental case study of Chinese millet crop processing Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 22 2 141 152 doi 10 1007 s00334 012 0366 y ISSN 0939 6314 S2CID 129911109 An Cheng Bang Tang Lingyu Barton Loukas Chen Fa Hu May 2005 Climate change and cultural response around 4000 cal yr B P in the western part of Chinese Loess Plateau Quaternary Research 63 3 347 352 Bibcode 2005QuRes 63 347A doi 10 1016 j yqres 2005 02 004 ISSN 0033 5894 S2CID 128546916 a b Oldest noodles unearthed in China BBC News 12 October 2005 Archived from the original on 17 December 2010 Retrieved 17 May 2021 4 000 Year Old Noodles Found in China National Geographic 12 October 2005 Archived from the original on 19 May 2021 Retrieved 17 May 2021 Ge W Liu L Chen X Jin Z 2011 Can noodles be made from millet An experimental investigation of noodle manufacture together with starch grain analyses Archaeometry 53 194 204 doi 10 1111 j 1475 4754 2010 00539 x Ma Zhikun Li Quan Huan Xiujia Yang Xiaoyan Zheng Jingyun Ye Maolin 22 February 2014 Plant microremains provide direct evidence for the functions of stone knives from the Lajia site northwestern China Chinese Science Bulletin 59 11 1151 1158 Bibcode 2014ChSBu 59 1151M doi 10 1007 s11434 014 0174 0 ISSN 1001 6538 S2CID 95717366 a b c Fargo David Early Bronze Age Animal Use at Lajia a Qijia Culture Site in Qinghai Province China OCLC 894364629 Honghai Chen 15 March 2013 The Qijia Culture of the Upper Yellow River Valley A Companion to Chinese Archaeology Chichester UK John Wiley amp Sons Ltd pp 103 124 doi 10 1002 9781118325698 ch6 ISBN 978 1 118 32569 8 Zhou X Q Cui J F Ren X Y Wang Q Q Du W Du Z W Liu X Y 6 December 2018 The Earliest High Fired Glazed Ceramic in China Evidence from a Glazed Ceramic Sample from the Lajia Site Qinghai Province Archaeometry 61 3 588 599 doi 10 1111 arcm 12447 ISSN 0003 813X a b Yang Xiaoyan Xia Zhengkai Ye Maolin 1 September 2003 Prehistoric disasters at Lajia Site Qinghai China Chinese Science Bulletin 48 17 1877 1881 Bibcode 2003ChSBu 48 1877Y doi 10 1007 BF03184071 ISSN 1861 9541 S2CID 96531032 Zhao Hui Huang Chun Chang Zheng Zixing Hu Ying Zhang Yuzhu Guo Yongqiang Zhou Qiang September 2017 New evidence for the catastrophic demise of a prehistoric settlement the Lajia Ruins in the Guanting Basin upper Yellow River NW China Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 146 134 141 Bibcode 2017JAESc 146 134Z doi 10 1016 j jseaes 2017 05 019 ISSN 1367 9120 Wang Haiyan Huang Chun Chang Pang Jiangli Zhou Yali Cuan Yuda Guo Yongqiang et al January 2021 Catastrophic flashflood and mudflow events in the pre historical Lajia Ruins at the northeast margin of the Chinese Tibetan Plateau Quaternary Science Reviews 251 106737 Bibcode 2021QSRv 25106737W doi 10 1016 j quascirev 2020 106737 ISSN 0277 3791 Wu Qinglong Zhao Zhijun Liu Li Granger Darryl E Wang Hui Cohen David J Wu Xiaohong Ye Maolin Bar Yosef Ofer Lu Bin Zhang Jin 31 March 2017 Response to Comments on Outburst flood at 1920 BCE supports historicity of China s Great Flood and the Xia dynasty Science 355 6332 1382 1382 doi 10 1126 science aal1325 ISSN 0036 8075 PMID 28360294 Wu Qinglong Zhao Zhijun Liu Li Granger Darryl E Wang Hui Cohen David J Wu Xiaohong Ye Maolin Bar Yosef Ofer Lu Bin Zhang Jin 5 August 2016 Outburst flood at 1920 BCE supports historicity of China s Great Flood and the Xia dynasty Science 353 6299 579 582 doi 10 1126 science aaf0842 ISSN 0036 8075 PMID 27493183 Li Le Chen Jun Hedding David William Fu Yuanhe Ye Maolin Li Gaojun 16 October 2019 Uranium isotopic constraints on the nature of the prehistoric flood at the Lajia site China Geology 48 1 15 18 doi 10 1130 g46306 1 ISSN 0091 7613 Wu Wenxiang Dai Junhu Zhou Yang Ge Quansheng 31 March 2017 Comment on Outburst flood at 1920 BCE supports historicity of China s Great Flood and the Xia dynasty Science 355 6332 1382 1382 doi 10 1126 science aal1278 ISSN 0036 8075 PMID 28360291 a b Han Jian Chiu 30 March 2017 Comment on Outburst flood at 1920 BCE supports historicity of China s Great Flood and the Xia dynasty Science 355 6332 1382 3 1382 Bibcode 2017Sci 355Q1382H doi 10 1126 science aal1369 ISSN 0036 8075 PMID 28360292 Huang Chun Chang Zhou Yali Zhang Yuzhu Guo Yongqiang Pang Jiangli Zhou Qiang Liu Tao Zha Xiaochun 31 March 2017 Comment on Outburst flood at 1920 BCE supports historicity of China s Great Flood and the Xia dynasty Science 355 6332 1382 1382 doi 10 1126 science aak9657 ISSN 0036 8075 PMID 28360293 Dong GuangHui Zhang FanYu Liu FengWen Zhang DongJu Zhou AiFeng Yang YiShi Wang GongHui 18 July 2017 Multiple evidences indicate no relationship between prehistoric disasters in Lajia site and outburst flood in upper Yellow River valley China Science China Earth Sciences 61 4 441 449 doi 10 1007 s11430 017 9079 3 ISSN 1674 7313 S2CID 134330532 Gao Shi Zhu Yang Yi Dai Xu Yue Zhang Quan Chao Zhu Hong Zhou Hui 2007 Tracing the genetic history of the Chinese people Mitochondrial DNA analysis of aneolithic population from the Lajia site American Journal of Physical Anthropology 133 4 1128 1136 doi 10 1002 ajpa 20623 ISSN 0002 9483 PMID 17506489 External links EditAncient sites in ChinaCoordinates 35 49 40 N 102 51 15 E 35 82778 N 102 85417 E 35 82778 102 85417 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lajia amp oldid 1120454345, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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