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Lachlan River

The Lachlan River (Wiradjuri: Kalari, Galiyarr) is an intermittent river that is part of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, located in the Southern Tablelands, Central West, and Riverina regions of New South Wales, Australia.

Lachlan
Deadmans Creek, Boorungullen Chain, Mutbilly Creek[1]
The Lachlan River at Cowra
Map of New South Wales, showing the Darling, Lachlan, Murrumbidgee and Murray rivers
EtymologyIn honour of Lachlan Macquarie[1]
Native nameGaliyarr,[1] Kalari[2] (Wiradjuri)
Location
CountryAustralia
StateNew South Wales
RegionSouth Eastern Highlands, Riverina (IBRA), Southern Tablelands, Central West
Local government areasUpper Lachlan, Boorowa, Cowra, Weddin, Forbes, Lachlan
TownsBevendale, Breadalbane, Reids Flat, Wyangala, Cowra, Gooloogong, Forbes, Euabalong, Condobolin, Lake Cargelligo, Hillston, Booligal, Oxley
Physical characteristics
SourceGreat Dividing Range
Source confluenceHannans Creek and Mutmutbilly Creek
 • locationeast of Gunning
 • coordinates34°46′58″S 149°32′7″E / 34.78278°S 149.53528°E / -34.78278; 149.53528
 • elevation699 m (2,293 ft)
MouthMurrumbidgee River
 • location
near Oxley
 • coordinates
34°22′S 143°47′E / 34.367°S 143.783°E / -34.367; 143.783
 • elevation
68 m (223 ft)
Length1,440 km (890 mi)
Basin size84,700 km2 (32,700 sq mi)
Discharge 
 • average49 m3/s (1,700 cu ft/s)
Basin features
River systemMurrumbidgee catchment,
Murray–Darling basin
Tributaries 
 • leftBoorowa River
 • rightCrookwell River, Abercrombie River, Belubula River
DamsWyangala Dam, Brewster Weir
[3][4]

The Lachlan River is connected to the Murray–Darling basin only when both the Lachlan and Murrumbidgee Rivers are in flood. It is the only river in New South Wales with significant wetlands along its length, rather than just towards its end, including Lake Cowal-Wilbertroy, Lake Cargelligo and Lake Brewster, and nine wetlands of national significance.[2]

Course edit

The river rises on the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range in the Southern Tablelands district of New South Wales, formed by the confluence of Hannans Creek and Mutmutbilly Creek, 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) east of Gunning, and 26 kilometres (16 mi) west of Goulburn. The river flows generally north-west, north, west and south-west, joined by thirty-seven tributaries including the Crookwell, Abercrombie, Boorowa, and Belubula rivers before terminating near Oxley in the 500-square-kilometre (190 sq mi) Great Cumbung swamp that joins the Murrumbidgee River to the south and becomes part of the Lowbidgee Floodplain. The river descends 632 metres (2,073 ft) over its 1,440-kilometre (890 mi) course.[1][3]

 
The Lachlan River at Oxley

The river is impounded by Wyangala Dam, near Cowra and Brewster Weir, located between Lake Cargelligo and Hillston; and passes through the towns of Breadalbane, Reids Flat, Wyangala, Cowra, Gooloogong, Forbes, Euabalong, Condobolin, Lake Cargelligo, Hillston, Booligal, and Oxley.

The annual flow of the Lachlan is erratic. Annual flows have ranged from less than 1,000 megalitres (35×10^6 cu ft) in 1944 to as much as 10,900 megalitres (380×10^6 cu ft) in 1950. In dry years, the Lachlan can have periods of zero flow of over a year (for example from April 1944 to April 1945), which is a complete contrast to the Murray and Murrumbidgee which have not been known to cease to flow since European settlement. The river has flooded every seven years since 1887 at Forbes.[5]

The social-ecological systems of the Lachlan River and its catchment include its upper tablelands, mixed farming slopes, through to plains, rangelands, and then lower floodplains.[6] More than 100,000 people live in the Lachlan catchment. It is estimated that 12% of the state's agricultural businesses are located from within the Lachlan River catchment.[2]

History edit

The Lachlan River is located in the traditional homelands of the Wiradjuri Aboriginal people.[7] The Wiradjuri lived along the Macquarie, Lachlan and Murrumbidgee Rivers,[8] in the area known as "the land of the three rivers".[9]

Acting-Surveyor George William Evans visited the river in 1815, naming it the Lachlan River after Lachlan Macquarie, the governor of the colony of New South Wales. The Lachlan River was substantially explored by John Oxley in 1817.[10] In the early days of colonial New South Wales, the southern part of the Lachlan was known as Fish River. It was only after further exploration that it was realised that these two rivers were the same river and the name Fish River was dropped.

The explorer and naturalist, James H B Shaw, was one of the first Europeans to write about the birds and habitat along the Lachlan River. His article appeared in the Australian Town and Country Journal (Sydney, NSW : 1870 – 1907), Saturday 7 March 1885, page 28, 29 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article71024608

Flooding edit

In 1870 the river peaked at 15.9 metres (52 ft) at Cowra.[11] Since 1887, the highest flood level at Forbes was in June 1952 when the river peaked at 10.8 metres (35 ft) at the Forbes Iron Bridge.[5] More than 900 families were evacuated, with many rescued from roof-tops by boat and helicopter.[12] During the flood in August 1990, 132 houses in Forbes were affected by flood with their yards or their floors covered by water.[5] Floods in 1992 did not reach the same levels at Forbes as in 1990, however, Lachlan Valley farmers lost about 30 percent of their lucerne crops just before harvest. At least 500 sheep were drowned on properties in the Eugowra/Trundle area and most of Eugowra's 400 residents were evacuated and some residents from Trundle.[13] Other significant years of floods were: 1891, 1916, 1951, 1956, 1961, 1974, 1976, 1993, 1998,[14] 2012, 2016 and 2021.[15]

In literature edit

The Lachlan River is mentioned in the Banjo Paterson poem Clancy of the Overflow as well as the folk song Streets of Forbes.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d "Lachlan River". Geographical Names Register (GNR) of NSW. Geographical Names Board of New South Wales. Retrieved 7 February 2013.  
  2. ^ a b c (PDF). Lachlan Catchment Management Authority. Government of New South Wales. 1 February 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 April 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
  3. ^ a b "Map of Lachlan River". Bonzle.com. Retrieved 7 February 2013.
  4. ^ . Lachlan Catchment Management Authority. Government of New South Wales. 2013. Archived from the original on 10 April 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
  5. ^ a b c . Engineering Services. Forbes Shire Council. 2007. Archived from the original on 29 August 2007. Retrieved 18 September 2007.
  6. ^ . Lachlan Catchment Management Authority. Government of New South Wales. 2013. Archived from the original on 20 April 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
  7. ^ . Landcare. 2005. Archived from the original on 31 August 2007. Retrieved 18 September 2007.
  8. ^ Main, George (2005). Heartland : the regeneration of rural place. Sydney: UNSW Press. p. 17. ISBN 0-86840-873-5. OCLC 62515595.
  9. ^ Mary Coe, in her book Windradyne: A Wiradjuri Koori quoted at page 4 in Patrick, Kathy; Samantha Simmons (1994). (PDF). Australian Museum. Archived from the original (pdf: 39 pages) on 13 September 2007. Retrieved 18 September 2007.
  10. ^ Reed, A. W (1969). Place-names of New South Wales: Their Origins and Meanings. Reed.
  11. ^ "New South Wales State Flood Plan" (PDF). Sub plan of the State Disaster Plan. State Emergency Management Committee. 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 February 2008. Retrieved 18 September 2007.
  12. ^ "Central-Western NSW: Flood". EMA disasters database. Emergency Management Australia. Retrieved 18 September 2007.[permanent dead link]
  13. ^ "Widespread NSW: Flash Floods". EMA disasters database. Emergency Management Australia. Retrieved 18 September 2007.[permanent dead link]
  14. ^ . Floodplains. NSW Department of Natural resources. Archived from the original on 29 August 2007. Retrieved 18 September 2007.
  15. ^ "Lachlan river flooding at Forbes, evacuation order possible". ABC News. 14 November 2021. Retrieved 16 December 2021.

External links edit

lachlan, river, wiradjuri, kalari, galiyarr, intermittent, river, that, part, murrumbidgee, catchment, within, murray, darling, basin, located, southern, tablelands, central, west, riverina, regions, south, wales, australia, lachlandeadmans, creek, boorungulle. The Lachlan River Wiradjuri Kalari Galiyarr is an intermittent river that is part of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray Darling basin located in the Southern Tablelands Central West and Riverina regions of New South Wales Australia LachlanDeadmans Creek Boorungullen Chain Mutbilly Creek 1 The Lachlan River at CowraMap of New South Wales showing the Darling Lachlan Murrumbidgee and Murray riversEtymologyIn honour of Lachlan Macquarie 1 Native nameGaliyarr 1 Kalari 2 Wiradjuri LocationCountryAustraliaStateNew South WalesRegionSouth Eastern Highlands Riverina IBRA Southern Tablelands Central WestLocal government areasUpper Lachlan Boorowa Cowra Weddin Forbes LachlanTownsBevendale Breadalbane Reids Flat Wyangala Cowra Gooloogong Forbes Euabalong Condobolin Lake Cargelligo Hillston Booligal OxleyPhysical characteristicsSourceGreat Dividing RangeSource confluenceHannans Creek and Mutmutbilly Creek locationeast of Gunning coordinates34 46 58 S 149 32 7 E 34 78278 S 149 53528 E 34 78278 149 53528 elevation699 m 2 293 ft MouthMurrumbidgee River locationnear Oxley coordinates34 22 S 143 47 E 34 367 S 143 783 E 34 367 143 783 elevation68 m 223 ft Length1 440 km 890 mi Basin size84 700 km2 32 700 sq mi Discharge average49 m3 s 1 700 cu ft s Basin featuresRiver systemMurrumbidgee catchment Murray Darling basinTributaries leftBoorowa River rightCrookwell River Abercrombie River Belubula RiverDamsWyangala Dam Brewster Weir 3 4 The Lachlan River is connected to the Murray Darling basin only when both the Lachlan and Murrumbidgee Rivers are in flood It is the only river in New South Wales with significant wetlands along its length rather than just towards its end including Lake Cowal Wilbertroy Lake Cargelligo and Lake Brewster and nine wetlands of national significance 2 Contents 1 Course 2 History 3 Flooding 4 In literature 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksCourse editThe river rises on the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range in the Southern Tablelands district of New South Wales formed by the confluence of Hannans Creek and Mutmutbilly Creek 13 kilometres 8 1 mi east of Gunning and 26 kilometres 16 mi west of Goulburn The river flows generally north west north west and south west joined by thirty seven tributaries including the Crookwell Abercrombie Boorowa and Belubula rivers before terminating near Oxley in the 500 square kilometre 190 sq mi Great Cumbung swamp that joins the Murrumbidgee River to the south and becomes part of the Lowbidgee Floodplain The river descends 632 metres 2 073 ft over its 1 440 kilometre 890 mi course 1 3 nbsp The Lachlan River at OxleyThe river is impounded by Wyangala Dam near Cowra and Brewster Weir located between Lake Cargelligo and Hillston and passes through the towns of Breadalbane Reids Flat Wyangala Cowra Gooloogong Forbes Euabalong Condobolin Lake Cargelligo Hillston Booligal and Oxley The annual flow of the Lachlan is erratic Annual flows have ranged from less than 1 000 megalitres 35 10 6 cu ft in 1944 to as much as 10 900 megalitres 380 10 6 cu ft in 1950 In dry years the Lachlan can have periods of zero flow of over a year for example from April 1944 to April 1945 which is a complete contrast to the Murray and Murrumbidgee which have not been known to cease to flow since European settlement The river has flooded every seven years since 1887 at Forbes 5 The social ecological systems of the Lachlan River and its catchment include its upper tablelands mixed farming slopes through to plains rangelands and then lower floodplains 6 More than 100 000 people live in the Lachlan catchment It is estimated that 12 of the state s agricultural businesses are located from within the Lachlan River catchment 2 History editThe Lachlan River is located in the traditional homelands of the Wiradjuri Aboriginal people 7 The Wiradjuri lived along the Macquarie Lachlan and Murrumbidgee Rivers 8 in the area known as the land of the three rivers 9 Acting Surveyor George William Evans visited the river in 1815 naming it the Lachlan River after Lachlan Macquarie the governor of the colony of New South Wales The Lachlan River was substantially explored by John Oxley in 1817 10 In the early days of colonial New South Wales the southern part of the Lachlan was known as Fish River It was only after further exploration that it was realised that these two rivers were the same river and the name Fish River was dropped The explorer and naturalist James H B Shaw was one of the first Europeans to write about the birds and habitat along the Lachlan River His article appeared in the Australian Town and Country Journal Sydney NSW 1870 1907 Saturday 7 March 1885 page 28 29 http nla gov au nla news article71024608Flooding editIn 1870 the river peaked at 15 9 metres 52 ft at Cowra 11 Since 1887 the highest flood level at Forbes was in June 1952 when the river peaked at 10 8 metres 35 ft at the Forbes Iron Bridge 5 More than 900 families were evacuated with many rescued from roof tops by boat and helicopter 12 During the flood in August 1990 132 houses in Forbes were affected by flood with their yards or their floors covered by water 5 Floods in 1992 did not reach the same levels at Forbes as in 1990 however Lachlan Valley farmers lost about 30 percent of their lucerne crops just before harvest At least 500 sheep were drowned on properties in the Eugowra Trundle area and most of Eugowra s 400 residents were evacuated and some residents from Trundle 13 Other significant years of floods were 1891 1916 1951 1956 1961 1974 1976 1993 1998 14 2012 2016 and 2021 15 In literature editThe Lachlan River is mentioned in the Banjo Paterson poem Clancy of the Overflow as well as the folk song Streets of Forbes See also edit nbsp New South Wales portal nbsp Water portal nbsp Environment portalLake Cowal List of rivers of New South Wales L Z List of rivers of Australia Wyangala DamReferences edit a b c d Lachlan River Geographical Names Register GNR of NSW Geographical Names Board of New South Wales Retrieved 7 February 2013 nbsp a b c Lachlan Kalari Catchment Action Plan 2013 2023 PDF Lachlan Catchment Management Authority Government of New South Wales 1 February 2013 Archived from the original PDF on 20 April 2013 Retrieved 9 February 2013 a b Map of Lachlan River Bonzle com Retrieved 7 February 2013 Our partners local government Lachlan Catchment Management Authority Government of New South Wales 2013 Archived from the original on 10 April 2013 Retrieved 9 February 2013 a b c Flood management Effects of Flooding in Forbes Engineering Services Forbes Shire Council 2007 Archived from the original on 29 August 2007 Retrieved 18 September 2007 Catchment landscapes Lachlan Catchment Management Authority Government of New South Wales 2013 Archived from the original on 20 April 2013 Retrieved 9 February 2013 Landcare in the Lachlan Catchment Landcare 2005 Archived from the original on 31 August 2007 Retrieved 18 September 2007 Main George 2005 Heartland the regeneration of rural place Sydney UNSW Press p 17 ISBN 0 86840 873 5 OCLC 62515595 Mary Coe in her book Windradyne A Wiradjuri Koori quoted at page 4 in Patrick Kathy Samantha Simmons 1994 Australian Museum s Aboriginal Collections Wiradjuri PDF Australian Museum Archived from the original pdf 39 pages on 13 September 2007 Retrieved 18 September 2007 Reed A W 1969 Place names of New South Wales Their Origins and Meanings Reed New South Wales State Flood Plan PDF Sub plan of the State Disaster Plan State Emergency Management Committee 2001 Archived from the original PDF on 23 February 2008 Retrieved 18 September 2007 Central Western NSW Flood EMA disasters database Emergency Management Australia Retrieved 18 September 2007 permanent dead link Widespread NSW Flash Floods EMA disasters database Emergency Management Australia Retrieved 18 September 2007 permanent dead link Flood risk in NSW Floodplains NSW Department of Natural resources Archived from the original on 29 August 2007 Retrieved 18 September 2007 Lachlan river flooding at Forbes evacuation order possible ABC News 14 November 2021 Retrieved 16 December 2021 External links edit Lachlan River catchment map Office of Environment and Heritage Government of New South Wales Lachlan Catchment Management Authority website Archived 26 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine Trueman Will 2012 True Tales of the Trout Cod River Histories of the Murray Darling Basin Lachlan River catchment booklet PDF Canberra Murray Darling Basin Authority ISBN 978 1 921914 98 0 Archived from the original PDF on 25 February 2014 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lachlan River amp oldid 1157948809, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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