Krishan Chander (23 November 1914 – 8 March 1977) was an Indian Urdu and Hindi writer of short stories and novels. Some of his works have also been translated in English. He was a prolific writer, penning over 20 novels, 30 collections of short stories and scores of radio plays in Urdu, and later, after partition in 1947, took to writing in Hindi as well. He also wrote screen-plays for Bollywood movies to supplement his meagre income as an author of satirical stories. Krishan Chander's novels (including the classic: Ek Gadhe Ki Sarguzasht, transl. 'Autobiography of a Donkey') have been translated into over 16 Indian languages and some foreign languages, including English.
His short story "Annadata" (transl. The Giver of Grain – an obsequious appellation used by Indian peasants for their feudal land-owners), was made into the film Dharti Ke Lal (1946) by Khwaja Ahmad Abbas – which led to his being offered work regularly as a screenwriter by Bollywood, including such popular hits as Mamta (1966) and Sharafat (1970). He wrote his film scripts in Urdu.[1][2]
Krishan Chander was born in Bharatpur, Rajasthan where his father worked as a doctor.[1][3][4] The family originally belonged to Wazirabad District Gujranwala, of undivided Punjab, India. Chander spent his childhood in Poonch, in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, where his father worked as the physician of Maharaja Poonch. His novel Shakast (Defeat) is related to Kashmir's partition. Mitti Ke Sanam one of his most popular novel is about the childhood memories of a young boy who lived with his parents in Kashmir. His another memorable novel is "Gaddar", which is about the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947. In this novel, he brilliantly picturised the sufferings of the people during that time through a selfish young man's feelings, who himself was a gaddar (betrayer). His short stories are the stories of Kashmiri villages, as well as those of displaced expatriates and rootless urban man. He used Pahari (dialect of people living in Poonch) words while writing in Urdu.[1][3]
In the 1930s, he studied at Forman Christian College, Lahore and edited the English section of the college house magazine, and was at that time interested in English writings. As the then editor of the Urdu section of the magazine, Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi was instrumental to his career in having got published, in the year 1932, Chander's first Urdu short story, "Sadhu".[5]
Career
His literary masterpieces on the Bengal famine and the savagery and barbarism that took place at the time of the partition of India in 1947 are some of the finest specimens of modern Urdu literature, but at other times, too, he continued relentlessly to critique the abuse of power, poverty and the suffering of the wretched of the earth; but above all he never stopped protesting casteism, fanaticism, communal violence and terror. He was a humanist and a cosmopolitan.[6]
Books written by Krishan Chander
He has been described as the "author of more than 100 books including novels, collections of short stories, plays, fantasies, satires, parodies, reportages, film-scripts and books for children",[7] which include:
Krishan Chander Chopra had married twice. His first wife was Vidyawati Chopra, a lady from a decent family belonging to his own community, and the match was arranged by their families in the usual Indian way. They had three children together, two daughters and one son.
Chander later took a second wife, and he was her second husband. This was a divorced Muslim woman, Salma Siddiqui, daughter of Rasheed Ahmed Siddiqi, an Urdu academic.[1] Siddiqui was the mother of a son born of her earlier marriage, and the boy was raised in Chander's household. No children were born of the relationship between Chander and Siddiqui.
Krishan Chander died working at his desk in Mumbai on 8 March 1977.[1] He had just started to write a satirical essay entitled Adab baray-e-Batakh (Literature for a duck), and wrote just one line Noorani ko bachpan hi se paltoo janwaron ka shauq tha. Kabootar, bandar, rang barangi chiriyaan… (since childhood Noorani was fond of pet animals such as pigeons, monkeys, multi-coloured birds…). Before he could complete the sentence, he succumbed to a massive heart attack.
A Fountain Park in the town of Poonch in Jammu and Kashmir has been renamed Krishan Chander Park, Poonch in his memory. His statue has also been erected in the middle of that garden.
References
^ abcdefghiRauf Parekh (2 May 2016). "LITERARY NOTES: Remembering Krishan Chander and Akhter-ul-Iman". Dawn (newspaper). Retrieved 8 March 2021.
^"Film World". Film World. T.M. Ramachandran. 10: 65. 1974. I feel that the Government should eradicate the age-old evil of certifying Urdu films as Hindi ones. It is a known fact that Urdu has been willingly accepted and used by the film industry. Two eminent Urdu writers Krishan Chander and Ismat Chughtai have said that "more than seventy-five per cent of films are made in Urdu." It is a pity that although Urdu is freely used in films, the producers in general mention the language of the film as "Hindi" in the application forms supplied by the Censor Board. It is a gross misrepresentation and unjust to the people who love Urdu.
^ abc"From Krishan Chander, a Salute to Kashmir". The Wire (India) website. 12 August 2019. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
^Ahmed, Ishtiaq (4 February 2014). "Centenary of Krishan Chander". Daily Times.
^Malik Ram (1977). Zia Fatehabadi – Shakhs Aur Shair (in Urdu). Delhi: Ilmi Majlis. pp. 116–117.
^ abLamat R. Hasan (25 August 2018). "A translation of Krishan Chander's Ghaddaar that is timely, moving, vital". Hindustan Times (newspaper). Retrieved 8 March 2021.
^Advance, Volume 26 (1977), Public Relations, Punjab, p. 17
^ abcdBooks by Krishan Chander on goodreads.com website Retrieved 8 March 2021
^ abcdefghBooks By Krishan Chander on rekhta.org website Retrieved 8 March 2021
^ abcdeFilmography of Krishan Chander on Cinestaan.com website Retrieved 8 March 2021
krishan, chander, november, 1914, march, 1977, indian, urdu, hindi, writer, short, stories, novels, some, works, have, also, been, translated, english, prolific, writer, penning, over, novels, collections, short, stories, scores, radio, plays, urdu, later, aft. Krishan Chander 23 November 1914 8 March 1977 was an Indian Urdu and Hindi writer of short stories and novels Some of his works have also been translated in English He was a prolific writer penning over 20 novels 30 collections of short stories and scores of radio plays in Urdu and later after partition in 1947 took to writing in Hindi as well He also wrote screen plays for Bollywood movies to supplement his meagre income as an author of satirical stories Krishan Chander s novels including the classic Ek Gadhe Ki Sarguzasht transl Autobiography of a Donkey have been translated into over 16 Indian languages and some foreign languages including English Krishan Chander ChopraKrishan Chander on a 2017 stamp of IndiaBorn 1914 11 23 23 November 1914Bharatpur Rajputana British India now in Rajasthan India Died8 March 1977 1977 03 08 aged 62 Bombay Maharashtra IndiaAlma materForman Christian College LahoreOccupationWriterSpousesVidyawati Chopra and Salma SiddiquiHis short story Annadata transl The Giver of Grain an obsequious appellation used by Indian peasants for their feudal land owners was made into the film Dharti Ke Lal 1946 by Khwaja Ahmad Abbas which led to his being offered work regularly as a screenwriter by Bollywood including such popular hits as Mamta 1966 and Sharafat 1970 He wrote his film scripts in Urdu 1 2 Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Career 3 Books written by Krishan Chander 4 Filmography 5 Personal life and legacy 6 References 7 External linksEarly life and education EditKrishan Chander was born in Bharatpur Rajasthan where his father worked as a doctor 1 3 4 The family originally belonged to Wazirabad District Gujranwala of undivided Punjab India Chander spent his childhood in Poonch in the state of Jammu and Kashmir where his father worked as the physician of Maharaja Poonch His novel Shakast Defeat is related to Kashmir s partition Mitti Ke Sanam one of his most popular novel is about the childhood memories of a young boy who lived with his parents in Kashmir His another memorable novel is Gaddar which is about the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947 In this novel he brilliantly picturised the sufferings of the people during that time through a selfish young man s feelings who himself was a gaddar betrayer His short stories are the stories of Kashmiri villages as well as those of displaced expatriates and rootless urban man He used Pahari dialect of people living in Poonch words while writing in Urdu 1 3 In the 1930s he studied at Forman Christian College Lahore and edited the English section of the college house magazine and was at that time interested in English writings As the then editor of the Urdu section of the magazine Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi was instrumental to his career in having got published in the year 1932 Chander s first Urdu short story Sadhu 5 Career EditHis literary masterpieces on the Bengal famine and the savagery and barbarism that took place at the time of the partition of India in 1947 are some of the finest specimens of modern Urdu literature but at other times too he continued relentlessly to critique the abuse of power poverty and the suffering of the wretched of the earth but above all he never stopped protesting casteism fanaticism communal violence and terror He was a humanist and a cosmopolitan 6 Books written by Krishan Chander EditHe has been described as the author of more than 100 books including novels collections of short stories plays fantasies satires parodies reportages film scripts and books for children 7 which include Novels Jamun Ka Peid Shikast 8 3 Jab Khet Jagay Toofaan Ki KaliyaaN Dil Ki Waadiyaan So GayiN Aasmaan Roushan Hai Bavan Patte 8 Ek Gadhe Ki Sarguzasht The Life Story a Donkey 1 Ek Aurat Hazaar Deewanay Ghaddaar 1 6 Jab Khet Jage Sarak Wapas Jaati Hai Dadar Pul Ke Neechay Barf Ke Phool Borban Club Meri Yaadon Ke Chinaar Gadhay Ki Wapasi 1 Chandi Ka Ghaao Ek Gadha Nefa Mein Hong Kong Ki Haseena Mitti Ke Sanam Zar Gaon Ki Raani Ek Voilon Samundar Ke Kinare Dard Ki Nahar London Ke Saat Rang 9 Kaghaz Ki Naao Filmi Qaaida Panch Loafer 1966 9 Panch Loafer Ek Heroine Ganga Bahe Na Raat Dusri Barfbari Se Pahlay Gwalior Ka Hajjam Bambai Ki Shaam Chanda Ki Chandni Ek Karor Ki Botal Maharani Pyar Ek Khushbu Masheenon Ka Shahr Carnival Aayine Akelay Hain Chanbal Ki Chanbeli Uska Badan Mera Chaman Muhabbat Bhi Qayamat Bhi Sone Ka Sansaar SapnoN Ki Waadi Aadha Raasta Honolulu Ka Rajkumar Sapnon Ki Rahguzarein Footpath Ke Farishtay Aadhe Safar Ki Poori KahaniShort Story Collection Tilism E Khayal 9 Ekk Tawaef Ka Khat Nazaray Hawai Qilay Ghunghat Mein Gori Jalay Tootay Hue Taaray Zindagi Ke Mor Per Naghmay Ki Maut Purane Khuda Ann Daata 8 Teen Ghunday 9 Hum Wahshi Hain 8 Ajanta Se Aagay Ek Girja Ek Khandaq Samunder Door Hai Shikast Ke Baad Naye Ghulam Main Intezaar Karunga Mazaahiya Afsaanay Ek Rupiya Ek Phool Eucalyptus Ki Daali Hydrogen Bomb Ke Baad Naye Afsaanay 1943 9 Kaab Ka Kafan Dil Kisi Ka Dost Nahi 1959 9 Muskuraane Waaliyan Krishn Chander Ke Afsaanay Sapnon Ka Qaidi Miss Nanital DaswaaN Pul 1964 9 Gulshan Gulshan Dhundha Tujhko Aadhe Ghante Ka Khuda Uljhi Larki Kaalay Baal 1970 9 Kaloo Bhangi 1 Filmography EditDharti Ke Lal 1946 story Andolan 1951 screenplay and story 10 Tamasha 1952 dialogue Dev Anand in Goa 1955 screenplay and dialogue Do Phool 1958 dialogue Delhi Junction 1960 dialogue 10 Mamta 1966 dialogues 10 Sharafat 1970 screenplay and dialogue 10 Do Chor 1972 dialogue Manchali 1973 dialogue Hamrahi 1974 story and dialogue writer 10 Ram Bharose 1977 dialoguePersonal life and legacy EditKrishan Chander Chopra had married twice His first wife was Vidyawati Chopra a lady from a decent family belonging to his own community and the match was arranged by their families in the usual Indian way They had three children together two daughters and one son Chander later took a second wife and he was her second husband This was a divorced Muslim woman Salma Siddiqui daughter of Rasheed Ahmed Siddiqi an Urdu academic 1 Siddiqui was the mother of a son born of her earlier marriage and the boy was raised in Chander s household No children were born of the relationship between Chander and Siddiqui Krishan Chander died working at his desk in Mumbai on 8 March 1977 1 He had just started to write a satirical essay entitled Adab baray e Batakh Literature for a duck and wrote just one line Noorani ko bachpan hi se paltoo janwaron ka shauq tha Kabootar bandar rang barangi chiriyaan since childhood Noorani was fond of pet animals such as pigeons monkeys multi coloured birds Before he could complete the sentence he succumbed to a massive heart attack A Fountain Park in the town of Poonch in Jammu and Kashmir has been renamed Krishan Chander Park Poonch in his memory His statue has also been erected in the middle of that garden References Edit a b c d e f g h i Rauf Parekh 2 May 2016 LITERARY NOTES Remembering Krishan Chander and Akhter ul Iman Dawn newspaper Retrieved 8 March 2021 Film World Film World T M Ramachandran 10 65 1974 I feel that the Government should eradicate the age old evil of certifying Urdu films as Hindi ones It is a known fact that Urdu has been willingly accepted and used by the film industry Two eminent Urdu writers Krishan Chander and Ismat Chughtai have said that more than seventy five per cent of films are made in Urdu It is a pity that although Urdu is freely used in films the producers in general mention the language of the film as Hindi in the application forms supplied by the Censor Board It is a gross misrepresentation and unjust to the people who love Urdu a b c From Krishan Chander a Salute to Kashmir The Wire India website 12 August 2019 Retrieved 8 March 2021 Ahmed Ishtiaq 4 February 2014 Centenary of Krishan Chander Daily Times Malik Ram 1977 Zia Fatehabadi Shakhs Aur Shair in Urdu Delhi Ilmi Majlis pp 116 117 a b Lamat R Hasan 25 August 2018 A translation of Krishan Chander s Ghaddaar that is timely moving vital Hindustan Times newspaper Retrieved 8 March 2021 Advance Volume 26 1977 Public Relations Punjab p 17 a b c d Books by Krishan Chander on goodreads com website Retrieved 8 March 2021 a b c d e f g h Books By Krishan Chander on rekhta org website Retrieved 8 March 2021 a b c d e Filmography of Krishan Chander on Cinestaan com website Retrieved 8 March 2021External links EditKrishan Chander at IMDb Indiaclub 1 Krishn Chander Books online Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Krishan Chander amp oldid 1134629585, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
