The Kreuzer (German: [ˈkʁɔʏtsɐ](listen)), in English usually kreutzer[1] (/ˈkrɔɪtsər/KROYT-sər), was a coin and unit of currency in the southern German states prior to the introduction of the German gold mark in 1871/73, and in Austria and Switzerland. After 1760 it was made of copper.[2] In south Germany the kreuzer was typically worth 4 pfennigs and there were 60 kreuzers to a gulden.
The kreuzer goes back to a groschen coin minted in Merano in South Tyrol in 1271 (the so-called Etscher Kreuzer[3]). Because of the double cross (German: Kreuz) on the face of the coin, it was soon given the name Kreuzer. It spread in the 15th and 16th centuries throughout the south of the German-speaking area. The Imperial Coinage Act of 1551 made them the unit for small silver coins.
In 1559 a value of 60 kreuzer to 1 gulden had been adopted throughout the southern states of the Holy Roman Empire, but the northern German states declined to join, and used groschen instead of kreuzer. The kreuzer in turn was worth about 4.2 pfennigs ("pennies"). Thus one (golden) gulden was worth 60 kreuzers or 252 pfennigs. Later currencies adopted a standard relationship of 240 pfennigs = 60 kreuzers = 1 gulden.
Following the adoption of the Conventionsthaler in 1754, two distinct Kreuzer came into being. The first, sometimes referred to as the Conventionskreuzer, was worth 1/120 of a Conventionsthaler, valuing the gulden at half a Conventionsthaler. This was used in Austria-Hungary. However, the states of southern Germany adopted a smaller Kreuzer Landmünze worth 1/144 of a Conventionsthaler, thus valuing the Gulden at 5/12 of a Conventionsthaler. In fact, the southern German states issued coins denominated in Kreuzer Landmünze up to 6 Kreuzer Landmünze (equal to 5 Conventionskreuzer), but in Conventionskreuzer for higher denominations.
South Germany 1837–1873
The South German Currency Union of 1837 used a system of 60 kreuzers = 1 gulden and 1¾ gulden = 1 thaler, with the kreuzer equal to the old Kreuzer Landmünze. These kreuzers continued in circulation until decimalization, following the unification of Germany in 1871.
^. www.austriancoins.com. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
^D. Johann Georg Krünitz (1780), Oekononomisch-technologische Encyklopädie oder allgemeines System der Stats- Stadt- Haus- und Landwirtschaft und der Kunstgeschichte in alphabetischer Ordnung (in German), Berlin: Joachim Pauli, pp. 374–378
External links
The dictionary definition of Kreuzer at Wiktionary
kreuzer, other, uses, disambiguation, german, ˈkʁɔʏtsɐ, listen, english, usually, kreutzer, ɔɪ, kroyt, sər, coin, unit, currency, southern, german, states, prior, introduction, german, gold, mark, 1871, austria, switzerland, after, 1760, made, copper, south, g. For other uses see Kreuzer disambiguation The Kreuzer German ˈkʁɔʏtsɐ listen in English usually kreutzer 1 ˈ k r ɔɪ t s er KROYT ser was a coin and unit of currency in the southern German states prior to the introduction of the German gold mark in 1871 73 and in Austria and Switzerland After 1760 it was made of copper 2 In south Germany the kreuzer was typically worth 4 pfennigs and there were 60 kreuzers to a gulden 1690 Kreuzer of Friedrich Karl administrator 1776 Kreuzer of Bern Contents 1 Early history 2 Conventionsmunze 3 South Germany 1837 1873 4 Austria Hungary 1857 1892 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksEarly history EditThe kreuzer goes back to a groschen coin minted in Merano in South Tyrol in 1271 the so called Etscher Kreuzer 3 Because of the double cross German Kreuz on the face of the coin it was soon given the name Kreuzer It spread in the 15th and 16th centuries throughout the south of the German speaking area The Imperial Coinage Act of 1551 made them the unit for small silver coins In 1559 a value of 60 kreuzer to 1 gulden had been adopted throughout the southern states of the Holy Roman Empire but the northern German states declined to join and used groschen instead of kreuzer The kreuzer in turn was worth about 4 2 pfennigs pennies Thus one golden gulden was worth 60 kreuzers or 252 pfennigs Later currencies adopted a standard relationship of 240 pfennigs 60 kreuzers 1 gulden Conventionsmunze Edit 30 kreutzers of Austria Franz II 1807 Copper weight 18 13 g Following the adoption of the Conventionsthaler in 1754 two distinct Kreuzer came into being The first sometimes referred to as the Conventionskreuzer was worth 1 120 of a Conventionsthaler valuing the gulden at half a Conventionsthaler This was used in Austria Hungary However the states of southern Germany adopted a smaller Kreuzer Landmunze worth 1 144 of a Conventionsthaler thus valuing the Gulden at 5 12 of a Conventionsthaler In fact the southern German states issued coins denominated in Kreuzer Landmunze up to 6 Kreuzer Landmunze equal to 5 Conventionskreuzer but in Conventionskreuzer for higher denominations South Germany 1837 1873 EditThe South German Currency Union of 1837 used a system of 60 kreuzers 1 gulden and 1 gulden 1 thaler with the kreuzer equal to the old Kreuzer Landmunze These kreuzers continued in circulation until decimalization following the unification of Germany in 1871 Austria Hungary 1857 1892 EditAustria Hungary decimalized in 1857 adopting a system of 100 kreutzers 1 Austro Hungarian florin 1 florins 1 Vereinsthaler The kreutzer was known as krajczar in Hungarian krajcar in modern orthography krejcar in Czech grajciar in Slovak krajcar in Slovene and Serbocroatian creițar or crăițar in Romanian grajcar in Polish See also EditGroschen PfennigReferences Edit New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary 1997 Coin Denominations www austriancoins com Archived from the original on 23 September 2015 Retrieved 12 January 2022 D Johann Georg Krunitz 1780 Oekononomisch technologische Encyklopadie oder allgemeines System der Stats Stadt Haus und Landwirtschaft und der Kunstgeschichte in alphabetischer Ordnung in German Berlin Joachim Pauli pp 374 378External links Edit The dictionary definition of Kreuzer at WiktionaryPortal Money Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kreuzer amp oldid 1109452186, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
