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The Kostel dialect (Slovene: kostelsko narečje[kɔsˈtéwskɔnaˈɾéːt͡ʃjɛ],[1]kostelska belokranjščina,[2]kostelščina;[3]Serbo-Croatian: kostelsko narječje), in Croatian literature also eastern microdialects of Western Goran subdialect (Serbo-Croatian: zapadni goranski poddijalekt, zapadni gorskokotarski poddijalekt, Slovene: zahodni goranski govori, zahodni gorskokotarski govori),[4] is a dialect spoken along the Kupa Valley in Slovenia and Croatia, around Banja Loka and Brod na Kupi.[5] The dialect originates from Alpine Slavic, a predecessor of modern Slovene, but speakers living in Croatia self-identify as speaking Croatian.[6] The dialect borders the Mixed Kočevje subdialects to the north, the Southern White Carniolan and Eastern Goran dialect to the east, the Čabranka dialect to the west, and the Goran dialects to the south and east, as well Shtokavian, which is spoken in Moravice and neighboring villages. The dialect belongs to the Lower Carniolan dialect group, and it evolved from the Lower Carniolan dialect base.[7][8] Until recently, the neighboring Čabranka dialect was considered part of the Kostel dialect, but it was later discovered that both dialects had evolved separately but are in process of becoming more similar to each other.[9]
The Kostel dialect is spoken in Croatia, but the northernmost part extends into southern Slovenia. It extends from Kuželj and Gornji Turni in the west, south to Ravna Gora, as far east as Razdrto, and north to Banja Loka and Kostel. It is the southernmost Slovene dialect. Notable settlements include Kuželj, Guče Selo, Brod na Kupi, Krivac, Gornji Turni, Kupjak, Ravna Gora, Skrad, Brod Moravice, Lokvica, and Šimatovo in Croatia, and Vas, Fara, Kuželj, and Potok in Slovenia.[7][10]
The Kostel dialect lost the difference between high- and low-pitched accent on both long and short vowels, which are still differentiated.[12][13] It also underwent three accent shifts: the *ženȁ → *žèna, *məglȁ → *mə̀gla, *sěnȏ / *prosȏ → *sě̀no / *pròso, *visȍk → vìsok, and *kováč → *kòvač accent shift.[14][15]
PhonologyEdit
Almost all vowels have monophthongized, which sets this dialect apart from all other Lower Carniolan dialects.[16]
Non-final *ě̀ and *ě̄ are pronounced as ẹː or ėː.
The vowel *ō is pronounced as ọː or ȯː.
Non-final *è and ē, as well as non-final *ę̀ and ę̄, are pronounced as i̯ẹː or ẹː.
Similarly, non-final *ò and ǫ̀, as well as ǭ, are pronounced as u̯ọː or ọː.
Newly stressed *e and *o after the ženȁ → žèna shift were mostly simplified into eː and oː, or ḙː and o̭ː, respectively.
Non-final *ə̀ and *ə̄ turned into aː.
Non-final *à and *ā turned into aː.
Non-final *ì and *ī became iː.
Non-final *ù and *ū became üː.
Non-final *l̥̀ and *l̥̄ evolved into long or short u.
Non-final *r̥̀ and *r̥̄ mostly evolved into ər, but some microdialects still pronounce them as r̥.
Akanye is not particularly common, but ukanye is, turning word-final o into ȯ or u. Unstressed *u is reduced into e̥, ė, ü, or i. Unstressed *ə evolved into a. The Banja Loka and Delač microdialects also have unstressed long vowels, which became unstressed after accent shifts.
Word-final *m mostly turned into *n. Palatal *ĺ and *ń have not depalatalized. If a word started with u then v appeared before it, and if a word started with a then j appeared before it. However, the dialect lost j before i at the beginning of words. Alpine Slovene *w evolved into non-sonorant v, which devoices if at the end of a word or before a non-voiced consonant. The clusters ṷm- and ṷb- simplified into xm- and xb-, respectively. Other consonant simplifications also occurred, such as tl- → kl-.
MorphologyEdit
Dual forms were fully replaced by plural forms. The future and preterit tenses are formed using the l-participle.[17]
VocabularyEdit
The priest and Slavic specialist Jože Gregorič collected almost 17,000 words spoken in the Slovene part of the Kostel dialect, from Srobotnik to Grgelj, which is currently still listed as belonging to the Mixed Kočevje subdialects, and he published a dictionary of the Kostel dialect.[18][19]
ReferencesEdit
^Smole, Vera. 1998. "Slovenska narečja." Enciklopedija Slovenije vol. 12, pp. 1–5. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, p. 2.
^Logar, Tine. 1996. Dialektološke in jezikovnozgodovinske razprave. Ljubljana: SAZU, p. 203.
^Horvat, Sonja. 1994. "Nekaj naglasnih in fonoloških značilnosti slovenskega kostelskega govora." Slavistična revija 42: 305–312, p. 305.
^Toporišič, Jože. 1992. Enciklopedija slovenskega jezika. Ljubljana: Cankarjeva založba, p. 88.
^Kapović, Mate (2017). "The Position of Kajkavian in the South Slavic Dialect Continuumin in Light of Old Accentual Isoglosses". Zeitschrift für Slawistik. 62. De Gruyter. 62 (4): 606–620. doi:10.1515/slaw-2017-0038. S2CID 55046560.
^ abLogar, Tine; Rigler, Jakob (2016). Karta slovenskih narečij(PDF) (in Slovenian). Založba ZRC.
^Gregorič, Jože (2015). Horvat, Sonja; Šircelj-Žnidaršič, Ivanka; Weiss, Peter (eds.). Kostelski slovar [Kostel Dictionary] (in Slovenian). Ljubljana: Založba ZRC. ISBN978-961-254-480-5. Retrieved 18 July 2022.
BibliographyEdit
Gostenčnik, Januška (2018). Krajevni govori ob Čabranki in zgornji Kolpi (in Slovenian). Ljubljana: Založba ZRC. ISBN978-961-05-0081-0.
Gostenčnik, Januška (2020). Kostelsko narečje. Slavistična revija (in Slovenian). Ljubljana: Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU.
Ramovš, Fran (1935). Historična gramatika slovenskega jezika [Historical grammar of the Sloene language]. VII. Dialekti (in Slovenian). Ljubljana: Znanstveno društvo za humanistične vede v Ljubljani.
Šekli, Matej (2018). Legan Ravnikar, Andreja (ed.). Topologija lingvogenez slovanskih jezikov. Collection Linguistica et philologica (in Slovenian). Translated by Plotnikova, Anastasija. Ljubljana: Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU. ISBN978-961-05-0137-4.
October 17, 2023
kostel, dialect, this, article, needs, attention, from, expert, linguistics, talk, page, details, wikiproject, linguistics, able, help, recruit, expert, july, 2022, this, article, uses, logar, transcription, kȯsˈteːu, skȯ, naˈrėːčjepronunciationkʊ, sˈteːu, skʊ. This article needs attention from an expert in Linguistics See the talk page for details WikiProject Linguistics may be able to help recruit an expert July 2022 This article uses Logar transcription Kostel dialectkȯsˈteːu skȯ naˈreːcjePronunciationkʊ sˈteːu skʊ naˈrɪ t ʃjɛNative toSlovenia CroatiaRegionKupa Valley near Kostel and Brod na KupiEthnicitySlovenes CroatsLanguage familyIndo European Balto SlavicSlavicSouth SlavicWestern South SlavicSloveneLower Carniolan dialect groupKostel dialectEarly formsSoutheastern Slovene dialect Southern Slovene dialect Lower Carniolan dialect baseLanguage codesISO 639 3 Kostel dialectThe Kostel dialect Slovene kostelsko narecje kɔsˈtewskɔ naˈɾeːt ʃjɛ 1 kostelska belokranjscina 2 kostelscina 3 Serbo Croatian kostelsko narjecje in Croatian literature also eastern microdialects of Western Goran subdialect Serbo Croatian zapadni goranski poddijalekt zapadni gorskokotarski poddijalekt Slovene zahodni goranski govori zahodni gorskokotarski govori 4 is a dialect spoken along the Kupa Valley in Slovenia and Croatia around Banja Loka and Brod na Kupi 5 The dialect originates from Alpine Slavic a predecessor of modern Slovene but speakers living in Croatia self identify as speaking Croatian 6 The dialect borders the Mixed Kocevje subdialects to the north the Southern White Carniolan and Eastern Goran dialect to the east the Cabranka dialect to the west and the Goran dialects to the south and east as well Shtokavian which is spoken in Moravice and neighboring villages The dialect belongs to the Lower Carniolan dialect group and it evolved from the Lower Carniolan dialect base 7 8 Until recently the neighboring Cabranka dialect was considered part of the Kostel dialect but it was later discovered that both dialects had evolved separately but are in process of becoming more similar to each other 9 Contents 1 Geographical distribution 2 Accentual changes 3 Phonology 4 Morphology 5 Vocabulary 6 References 7 BibliographyGeographical distribution EditThe Kostel dialect is spoken in Croatia but the northernmost part extends into southern Slovenia It extends from Kuzelj and Gornji Turni in the west south to Ravna Gora as far east as Razdrto and north to Banja Loka and Kostel It is the southernmost Slovene dialect Notable settlements include Kuzelj Guce Selo Brod na Kupi Krivac Gornji Turni Kupjak Ravna Gora Skrad Brod Moravice Lokvica and Simatovo in Croatia and Vas Fara Kuzelj and Potok in Slovenia 7 10 The border between the Kostel dialect South White Carniolan dialect and Mixed Kocevje subdialects is somewhat unclear and the Kostel dialect may also extend down the Kupa River on the Slovene side 11 Accentual changes EditThe Kostel dialect lost the difference between high and low pitched accent on both long and short vowels which are still differentiated 12 13 It also underwent three accent shifts the zenȁ zena meglȁ me gla senȏ prosȏ se no proso visȍk visok and kovac kovac accent shift 14 15 Phonology EditAlmost all vowels have monophthongized which sets this dialect apart from all other Lower Carniolan dialects 16 Non final e and e are pronounced as ẹː or eː The vowel ō is pronounced as ọː or ȯː Non final e and e as well as non final e and e are pronounced as i ẹː or ẹː Similarly non final o and ǫ as well as ǭ are pronounced as u ọː or ọː Newly stressed e and o after the zenȁ zena shift were mostly simplified into eː and oː or ḙː and o ː respectively Non final e and e turned into aː Non final a and a turned into aː Non final i and i became iː Non final u and u became uː Non final l and l evolved into long or short u Non final r and r mostly evolved into er but some microdialects still pronounce them as r Akanye is not particularly common but ukanye is turning word final o into ȯ or u Unstressed u is reduced into e e u or i Unstressed e evolved into a The Banja Loka and Delac microdialects also have unstressed long vowels which became unstressed after accent shifts Word final m mostly turned into n Palatal ĺ and n have not depalatalized If a word started with u then v appeared before it and if a word started with a then j appeared before it However the dialect lost j before i at the beginning of words Alpine Slovene w evolved into non sonorant v which devoices if at the end of a word or before a non voiced consonant The clusters ṷm and ṷb simplified into xm and xb respectively Other consonant simplifications also occurred such as tl kl Morphology EditDual forms were fully replaced by plural forms The future and preterit tenses are formed using the l participle 17 Vocabulary EditThe priest and Slavic specialist Joze Gregoric collected almost 17 000 words spoken in the Slovene part of the Kostel dialect from Srobotnik to Grgelj which is currently still listed as belonging to the Mixed Kocevje subdialects and he published a dictionary of the Kostel dialect 18 19 References Edit Smole Vera 1998 Slovenska narecja Enciklopedija Slovenije vol 12 pp 1 5 Ljubljana Mladinska knjiga p 2 Logar Tine 1996 Dialektoloske in jezikovnozgodovinske razprave Ljubljana SAZU p 203 Horvat Sonja 1994 Nekaj naglasnih in fonoloskih znacilnosti slovenskega kostelskega govora Slavisticna revija 42 305 312 p 305 Sekli 2018 377 380 Toporisic Joze 1992 Enciklopedija slovenskega jezika Ljubljana Cankarjeva zalozba p 88 Kapovic Mate 2017 The Position of Kajkavian in the South Slavic Dialect Continuumin in Light of Old Accentual Isoglosses Zeitschrift fur Slawistik 62 De Gruyter 62 4 606 620 doi 10 1515 slaw 2017 0038 S2CID 55046560 a b Logar Tine Rigler Jakob 2016 Karta slovenskih narecij PDF in Slovenian Zalozba ZRC Sekli 2018 335 339 Gostencnik 2018 42 45 Loncaric Mijo 2010 Karta Kajkavskog narjecja A map of Kajkavian dialects in Croatian Retrieved April 3 2022 Gostencnik 2020 355 Sekli 2018 337 339 Ramovs 1935 143 Gostencnik 2020 363 Sekli 2018 311 314 Gostencnik 2020 359 370 Gostencnik Januska 2019 Kostelski govor kraja Vas SLA T416 Jezikoslovni Zapiski in Slovenian 25 2 74 76 doi 10 3986 JZ 25 2 4 S2CID 213777222 Retrieved 18 July 2022 Gostencnik 2020 358 359 Gregoric Joze 2015 Horvat Sonja Sircelj Znidarsic Ivanka Weiss Peter eds Kostelski slovar Kostel Dictionary in Slovenian Ljubljana Zalozba ZRC ISBN 978 961 254 480 5 Retrieved 18 July 2022 Bibliography EditGostencnik Januska 2018 Krajevni govori ob Cabranki in zgornji Kolpi in Slovenian Ljubljana Zalozba ZRC ISBN 978 961 05 0081 0 Gostencnik Januska 2020 Kostelsko narecje Slavisticna revija in Slovenian Ljubljana Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU Ramovs Fran 1935 Historicna gramatika slovenskega jezika Historical grammar of the Sloene language VII Dialekti in Slovenian Ljubljana Znanstveno drustvo za humanisticne vede v Ljubljani Sekli Matej 2018 Legan Ravnikar Andreja ed Topologija lingvogenez slovanskih jezikov Collection Linguistica et philologica in Slovenian Translated by Plotnikova Anastasija Ljubljana Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU ISBN 978 961 05 0137 4 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kostel dialect amp oldid 1179056249, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
