During the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, Kurds attempted to establish an independent state. On at least one occasion they succeeded and formed the Kingdom of Kurdistan, which lasted from September 1921 until July 1925.[4]
The Shaykh of the Qadiriyyah order of Sufis, the most influential personality in Southern Kurdistan,[5] was appointed governor of the former sanjak of Duhok, but rallied against the British and declared an independent Kurdistan in May 1919. He was defeated in June.
On 10 October 1921, a statement was issued in Suleymanyah, the capital of Kurdistan, to establish a Kurdish government. Sheikh Mahmud Barzanji declared himself as the King of the Kingdom of Kurdistan.[6][7][8]
After the Treaty of Sèvres, which settled some territories, Sulaymaniya still remained under the direct control of the British High Commissioner. After the subsequent penetration of the Turkish "Özdemir" Detachment into the area, an attempt was made by the British to counter this by appointing Shaykh Mahmud governor again, in September 1922. The Shaykh revolted again, and in November declared himself King of the Kingdom of Kurdistan. Members of his cabinet included:[9]
Shaikh Qadir Hafeed – Prime Minister
Abdulkarim Alaka, a Christian Kurd – Finance Minister
Zaky Sahibqran – Defence Minister of the Kurdish National Army
Barzanji was defeated by the British in July 1924, and in January 1926 the League of Nations gave the mandate over the territory back to Iraq, with the provision for special rights for Kurds. In 1930–1931, Shaykh Makhmud Barzanji made his last unsuccessful attempt.[clarification needed]
The British Royal Air Force's Iraq Command acting on behalf of the Iraqi government in Baghdad played a part in bringing the Kingdom of Kurdistan to an end.
^"Rojî Kurdistan* 1922-1923 (Silêmanî) official newspaper of Kinddom of Kurdistan". Retrieved 23 October 2014.
^Facts On File, Incorporated (2009). Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East, Kingdom of Kurdistan. ISBN9781438126760. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
^Asadi, Awat (2007). Der Kurdistan-Irak-Konflikt: der Weg zur Autonomie seit dem ersten Weltkrieg. ISBN9783899300239. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
^Prince, J. (1993), "A Kurdish State in Iraq" in Current History, January.
^Eskander, S. (2000) "Britain's policy in Southern Kurdistan: The Formation and the Termination of the First Kurdish Government, 1918-1919" in British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies Vol. 27, No. 2. pp. 139-163.
^Ham, Anthony (2010-09-15). Middle East by Anthony Ham. ISBN9781742203591. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
^Fatah, R. (2005) Mustafa Pasha Yamolki: his life and role in the Kurdish nationalist movement 2014-03-30 at the Wayback Machine
^Simon, Reeva S.; Tejirian, Eleanor Harvey (2004). The Creation of Iraq, 1914-1921, by Reeva S. Simon, Eleanor Harvey Tejirian. ISBN9780231132930. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
^Fatah, R. (2006) The Kurdish resistance to Southern Kurdistan annexing with Iraq 2014-04-19 at the Wayback Machine
^Mustafa Paşa bir müddet sonra Süleymaniye'de İngiliz destekli bir hükümet olan Şeyh Mahmud Berzenci hükümetinde Eğitim Bakanlığı görevine getirilmiştir. (Ferudun Ata, Süleymaniyeli Nemrut Mustafa Paşa: Bir İşbirlikçinin Portresi, Temel, 2008, ISBN9789754101003, p. 103.)
General
McDowell, D. (1996) A Modern History of the Kurds, pp. 155–163, 194-196
kingdom, kurdistan, short, lived, kurdish, state, proclaimed, city, sulaymaniyah, following, collapse, ottoman, empire, officially, territory, involved, under, jurisdiction, british, mandate, mesopotamia, keyaniya, kurdistanê, شانشینی, کوردستان1921, 1924, 1925. The Kingdom of Kurdistan 2 3 was a short lived Kurdish state proclaimed in the city of Sulaymaniyah following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire Officially the territory involved was under the jurisdiction of the British Mandate of Mesopotamia Kingdom of KurdistanKeyaniya Kurdistane شانشینی کوردستان1921 1924 1925FlagStatusUnrecognized stateCapitalSulaymaniyahCommon languagesKurdishReligionSunni Islam Specifically Qadiriyya Sufi Order GovernmentMonarchy Malik 1 Mahmud Barzanji Prime MinisterQadir BarzanjiHistorical eraInterwar period Treaty of Sevres10 August 1920 ProclaimedSeptember 1921 Treaty of Lausanne24 July 1923 DisestablishedJuly 1924 1925 British Mandate of Mesopotamia ends3 October 1932CurrencyKurdish notesPreceded by Succeeded byKurdish state 1918 1919 Mandatory Iraq Contents 1 Sheikh Mahmud revolts 2 See also 3 References 3 1 Footnotes 3 2 General 4 External linksSheikh Mahmud revolts EditMain article Mahmud Barzanji revolts During the collapse of the Ottoman Empire Kurds attempted to establish an independent state On at least one occasion they succeeded and formed the Kingdom of Kurdistan which lasted from September 1921 until July 1925 4 The Shaykh of the Qadiriyyah order of Sufis the most influential personality in Southern Kurdistan 5 was appointed governor of the former sanjak of Duhok but rallied against the British and declared an independent Kurdistan in May 1919 He was defeated in June On 10 October 1921 a statement was issued in Suleymanyah the capital of Kurdistan to establish a Kurdish government Sheikh Mahmud Barzanji declared himself as the King of the Kingdom of Kurdistan 6 7 8 After the Treaty of Sevres which settled some territories Sulaymaniya still remained under the direct control of the British High Commissioner After the subsequent penetration of the Turkish Ozdemir Detachment into the area an attempt was made by the British to counter this by appointing Shaykh Mahmud governor again in September 1922 The Shaykh revolted again and in November declared himself King of the Kingdom of Kurdistan Members of his cabinet included 9 Shaikh Qadir Hafeed Prime Minister Abdulkarim Alaka a Christian Kurd Finance Minister Ahmed Bagy Fatah Bag Customs Minister Hajy Mala Saeed Karkukli Justice Minister Hema Abdullah Agha Labour Minister Mustafa Pasha Yamolki Education Minister 10 Shekh Mohammed Gharib Interior Minister Zaky Sahibqran Defence Minister of the Kurdish National ArmyBarzanji was defeated by the British in July 1924 and in January 1926 the League of Nations gave the mandate over the territory back to Iraq with the provision for special rights for Kurds In 1930 1931 Shaykh Makhmud Barzanji made his last unsuccessful attempt clarification needed The British Royal Air Force s Iraq Command acting on behalf of the Iraqi government in Baghdad played a part in bringing the Kingdom of Kurdistan to an end See also EditList of Kurdish dynasties and countries Republic of Ararat Republic of Mahabad Kurdistan Regional GovernmentReferences EditFootnotes Edit Roji Kurdistan 1922 1923 Silemani official newspaper of Kinddom of Kurdistan Retrieved 23 October 2014 Facts On File Incorporated 2009 Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East Kingdom of Kurdistan ISBN 9781438126760 Retrieved 23 October 2014 Asadi Awat 2007 Der Kurdistan Irak Konflikt der Weg zur Autonomie seit dem ersten Weltkrieg ISBN 9783899300239 Retrieved 23 October 2014 Prince J 1993 A Kurdish State in Iraq in Current History January Eskander S 2000 Britain s policy in Southern Kurdistan The Formation and the Termination of the First Kurdish Government 1918 1919 in British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies Vol 27 No 2 pp 139 163 Ham Anthony 2010 09 15 Middle East by Anthony Ham ISBN 9781742203591 Retrieved 23 October 2014 Fatah R 2005 Mustafa Pasha Yamolki his life and role in the Kurdish nationalist movement Archived 2014 03 30 at the Wayback Machine Simon Reeva S Tejirian Eleanor Harvey 2004 The Creation of Iraq 1914 1921 by Reeva S Simon Eleanor Harvey Tejirian ISBN 9780231132930 Retrieved 23 October 2014 Fatah R 2006 The Kurdish resistance to Southern Kurdistan annexing with IraqArchived 2014 04 19 at the Wayback Machine Mustafa Pasa bir muddet sonra Suleymaniye de Ingiliz destekli bir hukumet olan Seyh Mahmud Berzenci hukumetinde Egitim Bakanligi gorevine getirilmistir Ferudun Ata Suleymaniyeli Nemrut Mustafa Pasa Bir Isbirlikcinin Portresi Temel 2008 ISBN 9789754101003 p 103 General Edit McDowell D 1996 A Modern History of the Kurds pp 155 163 194 196External links EditThe Kingdom of Kurdistan Footnotes to History Kurdistan Kingdom of Sheik Mahmmud BarzanjiCoordinates 35 33 N 45 25 E 35 550 N 45 417 E 35 550 45 417 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kingdom of Kurdistan amp oldid 1127572396, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
