This article is about the instrument proposed by the League of Nations to grant Britain a mandate over Mesopotamia (Iraq). For the actual British rule in the region, see Mandatory Iraq.
The Mandate for Mesopotamia (Arabic: الانتداب البريطاني على العراق) was a proposed League of Nations mandate to cover Ottoman Iraq (Mesopotamia). It would have been entrusted to the United Kingdom but was superseded by the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty, an agreement between Britain and Iraq with some similarities to the proposed mandate. On paper, the mandate lasted from 1920 to 1932.
Draft Mandate for Mesopotamia
Draft mandates for Mesopotamia and Palestine as submitted for the approval of the League of Nations on 7 December 1920
Immediately after the end of the First World War, Sir Arnold Wilson, the future High Commissioner to Iraq, recommended the annexation of Mesopotamia to India "as a colony of India and the Indians, such as the government of India administer it and gradually cultivate its vast plains, and settle the warrior Punjab races in it". [2] In a memorandum written on 22 April 1918, Cox listed the social groups that the British should support: the Jewish community in Baghdad, the notables in Baghdad and Basara, the rich landowning Arabs and Jews, and the Shaikhs of sedentary tribes.[3] Mosul was added to the region of British influence following the 1918 Clemenceau–Lloyd George Agreement.
The proposed mandate faced certain difficulties to be established, as a nationwide Iraqi revolt broke out in 1920 after which it was decided the territory would become the Kingdom of Iraq, via the Anglo-Iraq Treaty of October 1922.[1] The Kingdom of Iraq became independent in 1931–1932,[1] in accordance with the League of Nations stance, which stated such states would be facilitated into "progressive development" as fully independent states.[1]
The civil government of British-administered Iraq was headed originally by the High Commissioner, Sir Percy Cox, and his deputy, Colonel Arnold Wilson. British reprisals after the murder of a British officer in Najaf failed to restore order. British administration had yet to be established in the mountains of northern Iraq. The most striking problem facing the British was the growing anger of the nationalists, who felt betrayed at being accorded mandate status.[citation needed]
British Map appended to 1921 CAB24/120 cabinet memorandum showing proposed mandates
Referencesedit
^ abcdThe new Cambridge modern history. Volume xii. p.293.
^Nadhmi, Wamidh Jamal Umar (1984). Al-Judhour al-Siyasiyya wal Fikriyya wal Ijtima'yya Lilharaka al-Qawmiyya al-'Arabiyya (al-Istiqlaliyya) fil 'Iraq [The Political, Intellectual and Social Roots of the Arab Nationalist (Independent) Movement in Iraq] (in Arabic). Markaz Dirasat al-Wihda al-'Arabiyya, Beirut. p. 399.
Fieldhouse, David K. Western Imperialism in the Middle East, 1914–1958 (2006)
Fisk, Robert. The Great War for Civilisation: The Conquest of the Middle East, (2nd ed. 2006),
Simons, Geoff. Iraq: From Sumer to Saddam (2nd ed. 1994)
Sluglett, Peter. Britain in Iraq: Contriving King and Country, 1914–1932 (2nd ed. 2007)
January 01, 1970
mandate, mesopotamia, this, article, about, instrument, proposed, league, nations, grant, britain, mandate, over, mesopotamia, iraq, actual, british, rule, region, mandatory, iraq, arabic, الانتداب, البريطاني, على, العراق, proposed, league, nations, mandate, c. This article is about the instrument proposed by the League of Nations to grant Britain a mandate over Mesopotamia Iraq For the actual British rule in the region see Mandatory Iraq The Mandate for Mesopotamia Arabic الانتداب البريطاني على العراق was a proposed League of Nations mandate to cover Ottoman Iraq Mesopotamia It would have been entrusted to the United Kingdom but was superseded by the Anglo Iraqi Treaty an agreement between Britain and Iraq with some similarities to the proposed mandate On paper the mandate lasted from 1920 to 1932 Draft Mandate for MesopotamiaDraft mandates for Mesopotamia and Palestine as submitted for the approval of the League of Nations on 7 December 1920Created1920 draft only RatifiedNot ratifiedAuthor s League of NationsPurposeProposed creation of the territory of Mesopotamia The Kingdom of Iraq was created instead The proposed mandate was awarded on 25 April 1920 at the San Remo Conference in Italy in accordance with the 1916 Sykes Picot Agreement but was not yet documented or defined 1 It was to be a class A mandate under Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations A draft mandate document was prepared by the British Colonial Office in June 1920 and submitted in draft form to the League of Nations in December 1920 Immediately after the end of the First World War Sir Arnold Wilson the future High Commissioner to Iraq recommended the annexation of Mesopotamia to India as a colony of India and the Indians such as the government of India administer it and gradually cultivate its vast plains and settle the warrior Punjab races in it 2 In a memorandum written on 22 April 1918 Cox listed the social groups that the British should support the Jewish community in Baghdad the notables in Baghdad and Basara the rich landowning Arabs and Jews and the Shaikhs of sedentary tribes 3 Mosul was added to the region of British influence following the 1918 Clemenceau Lloyd George Agreement The proposed mandate faced certain difficulties to be established as a nationwide Iraqi revolt broke out in 1920 after which it was decided the territory would become the Kingdom of Iraq via the Anglo Iraq Treaty of October 1922 1 The Kingdom of Iraq became independent in 1931 1932 1 in accordance with the League of Nations stance which stated such states would be facilitated into progressive development as fully independent states 1 The civil government of British administered Iraq was headed originally by the High Commissioner Sir Percy Cox and his deputy Colonel Arnold Wilson British reprisals after the murder of a British officer in Najaf failed to restore order British administration had yet to be established in the mountains of northern Iraq The most striking problem facing the British was the growing anger of the nationalists who felt betrayed at being accorded mandate status citation needed Maps edit nbsp Map presented by T E Lawrence to the Eastern Committee of the War Cabinet in November 1918 4 nbsp British Map appended to 1921 CAB24 120 cabinet memorandum showing proposed mandatesReferences edit a b c d The new Cambridge modern history Volume xii p 293 Nadhmi Wamidh Jamal Umar 1984 Al Judhour al Siyasiyya wal Fikriyya wal Ijtima yya Lilharaka al Qawmiyya al Arabiyya al Istiqlaliyya fil Iraq The Political Intellectual and Social Roots of the Arab Nationalist Independent Movement in Iraq in Arabic Markaz Dirasat al Wihda al Arabiyya Beirut p 399 Nadhmi 1984 p 275 Lawrence s Mid East map on show Archived from the original on 2021 05 06 Retrieved 2013 04 21 nbsp This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain Country Studies Federal Research Division Further reading editDodge Toby Inventing Iraq 2009 Fieldhouse David K Western Imperialism in the Middle East 1914 1958 2006 Fisk Robert The Great War for Civilisation The Conquest of the Middle East 2nd ed 2006 Simons Geoff Iraq From Sumer to Saddam 2nd ed 1994 Sluglett Peter Britain in Iraq Contriving King and Country 1914 1932 2nd ed 2007 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mandate for Mesopotamia amp oldid 1213360490, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
