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List of Kurdish dynasties and countries

January 07, 2023

This is a list of Kurdish dynasties, countries and autonomous territories. By the 10th century, the term "Kurd" did not have an ethnic connotation and referred to Iranian nomads in the region between Lake Van and Lake Urmia.[1] In Arabic medieval sources, "Kurd" referred to non-Persian and non-Turkish nomads and semi-nomads (see Origin of the Kurds).[2][3]

Early entities

 
Ayyubid dynasty in 1193

Remnants of the Ayyubid Dynasty (13th century–19th century)

Various Kurdish political entities blossomed in the period after the disestablishment of the Ayyubid dynasty in 1260. Some of these rulers claimed descent from the Ayyubids.

Buffer zones between the Ottomans and Persia (13th century–19th century)

For various reasons, Kurdish entities existed as buffer zones between the Ottoman Empire and Persia throughout history. These include:

Other dynasties of Kurdish ancestry

20th-21st century entities

  •  

    Provisions of the Treaty of Sèvres for an independent Kurdistan (in 1920)

  •  

    Kingdom of Kurdistan (1923)

  •  

    Red Kurdistan (1923–1929)

  •  

    Republic of Mahabad, (1945–1946)

  •  

    Islamic Emirate of Byara (black) at their peak, controlling the entire Halabja Governorate

Current entities

Gallery

  •  

    Khurasani Kurdish exclave circa 1835

  •  

    Rawadid Dynasty

See also

Bibliography

  • Aboona, Hirmis (2008), Assyrians, Kurds, and Ottomans: Intercommunal Relations on the Periphery of the Ottoman Empire, Cambria Press, ISBN 9781604975833
  • Baluken, Yusuf (2017), Çend Dokument ji Serdema Mîrektiya Melkîşî (in Kurdish), vol. 7, Jimar
  • Amoretti, Biancamaria Scarcia; Matthee, Rudi (2009). "Ṣafavid Dynasty". In Esposito, John L. (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford University Press. Of Kurdish ancestry, the Ṣafavids started as a Sunnī mystical order (...)
  • Matthee, Rudi (2005). The Pursuit of Pleasure: Drugs and Stimulants in Iranian History, 1500-1900. Princeton University Press. p. 18. The Safavids, as Iranians of Kurdish ancestry and of nontribal background (...)
  • Matthee, Rudi (2008). "SAFAVID DYNASTY". Encyclopædia Iranica. As Persians of Kurdish ancestry and of a non-tribal background, the Safavids (...)
  • Savory, Roger (2008). "EBN BAZZĀZ". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. VIII. Fasc. 1. p. 8. This official version contains textual changes designed to obscure the Kurdish origins of the Safavid family and to vindicate their claim to descent from the Imams.
  • Başçı, Veysel (2019), "Dunbulî Beyliği Tarihi ve Tarihi Kronikleri [XIII-XVIII. YY.]", Kadim Akademi SBD (in Turkish), 3 (2): 63–114, retrieved 28 May 2020
  • Behn, W. (1988), "BĀBĀN", Encyclopedia Iranica, vol. III, 3
  • Büchner, V. F. (2012), "S̲h̲abānkāra", Encyclopaedia of Islam, Brill Publishers, doi:10.1163/2214-871X_ei1_SIM_5253, ISBN 9789004082656
  • Dehqan, Mustafa; Genç, Vural (2019), "The Kurdish Emirate of Brādōst, 1510-1609", Oriente Moderno, 99 (3): 306–320, doi:10.1163/22138617-12340222, S2CID 213564665, retrieved 30 January 2021
  • Ebraheem, Sharameen (2013), The Impact of Architectural Identity on Nation Branding: The Case Study of Iraqi Kurdistan. (PDF), Manchester Metropolitan University's Research Repository
  • Eppel, Michael (2018), "The Kurdish emirates", Routledge Handbook on the Kurds, Routledge Handbooks Online, pp. 35–47, doi:10.4324/9781315627427-4, ISBN 978-1-138-64664-3, S2CID 186808301, retrieved 1 May 2020
  • Flynn, Thomas O. (2017), The Western Christian Presence in the Russias and Qājār Persia, c.1760–c.1870, Brill Publishers, ISBN 9789004313545
  • Ghalib, Sabah Abdullah (2011), The Emergence of Kurdism with Special Reference to the Three Kurdish Emirates within the Ottoman Empire, 1800-1850 (PDF), University of Exeter, retrieved 1 May 2020
  • Gunter, Michael M. (2010), Historical Dictionary of the Kurds, Scarecrow Press, ISBN 9780810875074
  • Hakan, Sinan (2002), Müküs Kürt Mirleri Tarihi ve Han Mahmud (in Turkish), Pêrî Yayınları, ISBN 9789758245581
  • Houtsma, M. Th. (1993), E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936, Brill Publishers
  • Kaplan, Yaşar (2015), Pınyanış Hükümeti/Government of Pinyanish (in Turkish), Hakkari University
  • Maisel, Sebastian (2018), The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society, ABC-CLIO, ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3
  • Meinecke, Michael (1996), Patterns of Stylistic Changes in Islamic Architecture: Local Traditions Versus Migrating Artists, NYU Press, ISBN 9780814754924
  • Petrushevsky, Ilya Pavlovich (1949), Очерки по истории феодальных отношений в Азербайджане и Армении в XVI-начале XIX вв (in Russian), Saint Petersburg State University
  • Soyudoğan, Muhsin (2015), Tribal Bandistry in Ottoman Ayntab (1690-1730), Bilkent University
  • Spuler, B. (2012), "Faḍlawayh", Encyclopaedia of Islam, Brill Publishers, doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_2233, ISBN 9789004161214
  • Top, Mehmet (1998), "Hoşaptaki Mahmudi Beylerine Ait Mimari Eserler", Academia SBD (in Turkish), 3 (2)
  • Verheij, Jelle (30 March 2018), ""The year of the firman:" The 1895 massacres in Hizan and Şirvan (Bitlis vilayet)", Études arméniennes contemporaines (10): 125–159, doi:10.4000/eac.1495, ISSN 2269-5281, retrieved 24 May 2020
  • Ünal, Mehmet Ali (1999), XVI. yüzyılda Çemişgezek sancağı (in Turkish)
  • Peacock, Andrew (2017). "RAWWADIDS". Encyclopædia Iranica. RAWWADIDS [...] a family of Arab descent [...] Their Kurdicized descendants ruled over Azerbaijan and parts of Armenia in the second half of the 10th and much of the 11th century.

References

  1. ^ van Bruinessen, Martin (1989). A. Andrews, Peter (ed.). "The ethnic identity of the Kurds". Ethnic Groups in the Republic of Turkey: 5.
  2. ^ Limbert, John (1968). "The Origins and Appearance of the Kurds in Pre-Islamic Iran". Iranian Studies. 1 (2): 48. doi:10.1080/00210866808701350. JSTOR 4309997 – via JSTOR.
  3. ^ James, Boris (September 2006). "Uses and Values of the Term Kurd in Arabic Medieval Literary Sources". Institut Kurde. Retrieved 4 April 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. ^ Bosworth (1994). "Daysam". Iranica Online.
  5. ^ Tor, D.G. (2017). The Abbasid and Carolingian Empires: Studies in Civilizational Formation. Brill Academic Pub. p. 54-55.
  6. ^ a b Amir Hassanpour, Nationalism and Language in Kurdistan, 1918-1985, Mellen Research University Press, 1992, p. 50.
  7. ^ Gunter (2010), p. 117.
  8. ^ Aḥmad, K. M. (1985). "ʿANNAZIDS". Iranica Online. II.
  9. ^ Pezeshk, Manouchehr; Negahban, Farzin (2008). "ʿAnnāzids". In Madelung, Wilferd; Daftary, Farhad (eds.). Encyclopaedia Islamica Online. Brill Online. ISSN 1875-9831.
  10. ^ Aḥmad, K. M. (1985). "ʿANNAZIDS". Iranica Online. II.
  11. ^ Büchner 2012.
  12. ^ Spuler 2012.
  13. ^ Han, Şeref (Çev. İbrahim Sunkur) (2016). Şerefname. Van: Sîtav. p. 204. ISBN 978-605-66520-1-1.
  14. ^ R. S. Humphreys, Ayyubids, "Encyclopaedia Iranica", (August 18, 2011),[1]
  15. ^ Oberling, P. "BANĪ ARDALĀN". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 2011-09-21.
  16. ^ David Mcdowall (1996). The Kurds (PDF). Minority Rights Group International Report. p. 20. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  17. ^ Najat Abdulla-Ali (2006). Empire, frontière et tribu Le Kurdistan et le conflit de frontière turco-persan (1843-1932) (in French). p. 159.
  18. ^ Alexei Lidov, 1991, The mural paintings of Akhtala, p. 14, Nauka Publishers, Central Dept. of Oriental Literature, University of Michigan, ISBN 5-02-017569-2, ISBN 978-5-02-017569-3, It is clear from the account of these Armenian historians that Ivane's great grandfather broke away from the Kurdish tribe of Babir
  19. ^ Vladimir Minorsky, 1953, Studies in Caucasian History, p. 102, CUP Archive, ISBN 0-521-05735-3, ISBN 978-0-521-05735-6, According to a tradition which has every reason to be true, their ancestors were Mesopotamian Kurds of the tribe (xel) Babirakan.
  20. ^ Richard Barrie Dobson, 2000, Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages: A-J, p. 107, Editions du Cerf, University of Michigan, ISBN 0-227-67931-8, ISBN 978-0-227-67931-9, under the Christianized Kurdish dynasty of Zak'arids they tried to re-establish nazarar system...
  21. ^ Ünal (1999), pp. 262–263.
  22. ^ Hassanpour, Amir (1989). "BŪKĀN". Encyclopedia Iranica. IV.
  23. ^ Han, Şeref (Çev. İbrahim Sunkur) (2016). Şerefname. Van: Sîtav. p. 375. ISBN 978-605-66520-1-1.
  24. ^ Houtsma (1993), p. 1144-1445.
  25. ^ Ghalib (2011), p. 50.
  26. ^ Ebraheem (2013), p. 235.
  27. ^ Hakan (2002).
  28. ^ Başçı (2019), p. 63.
  29. ^ a b c Maisel (2018), p. 131.
  30. ^ Soyudoğan (2015).
  31. ^ Verheij (2018).
  32. ^ Flynn (2017), p. 663.
  33. ^ Aboona (2008), p. 175.
  34. ^ a b Eppel (2018), p. 42.
  35. ^ Top (1998), p. 6-9.
  36. ^ Kaplan (2015), p. 4.
  37. ^ Nusret Aydın, Diyarbakır and Mirdasiler History, 2011, p. 304-305
  38. ^ Dehqan & Genç (2019).
  39. ^ Behn (1988).
  40. ^ a b Tapper, Richard (2010). "Shahsevan". Encyclopedia Iranica.
  41. ^ Dehqn, Mustafa (2009). "Arkawāzī and His Baweyaļ: A Feylî Elegiac Verse from Piştiku". Iranian Studies. 42 (3): 409–422. doi:10.1080/00210860902907362. JSTOR 25597563. S2CID 159957313.
  42. ^ Matthee 2005, p. 17; Matthee 2008.
  43. ^ Amoretti & Matthee 2009.
  44. ^ Savory 2008, p. 8.
  45. ^ Perry, John. "ZAND DYNASTY". iranicaonline.org. Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 24 March 2017. The founder of the dynasty was Moḥammad Karim Khan b. Ināq Khan (...) of the Bagala branch of the Zand, a pastoral tribe of the Lak branch of Lors (perhaps originally Kurds; see Minorsky, p. 616) (...)
  46. ^ ...the bulk of the evidence points to their being one of the northern Lur or Lak tribes, who may originally have been immigrants of Kurdish origin., Peter Avery, William Bayne Fisher, Gavin Hambly, Charles Melville (ed.), The Cambridge History of Iran: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic, Cambridge University Press, 1991, ISBN 978-0-521-20095-0, p. 64.
  47. ^ Kemper, Michael; Conermann, Stephan (2011). The Heritage of Soviet Oriental Studies. Routledge. p. 92. ISBN 978-1-136-83854-5. In 1992 the area of Laçin was occupied by Armeian forces; a "Kurdish Republic of Laçin" was subsequently declared by local Kurds, but this remained a rather short-lived - not to say stillborn - adventure

External links

  • Historical map: Kurdish political enclaves and territorial demands, 1919-98

January 07, 2023
list, kurdish, dynasties, countries, this, list, kurdish, dynasties, countries, autonomous, territories, 10th, century, term, kurd, have, ethnic, connotation, referred, iranian, nomads, region, between, lake, lake, urmia, arabic, medieval, sources, kurd, refer. This is a list of Kurdish dynasties countries and autonomous territories By the 10th century the term Kurd did not have an ethnic connotation and referred to Iranian nomads in the region between Lake Van and Lake Urmia 1 In Arabic medieval sources Kurd referred to non Persian and non Turkish nomads and semi nomads see Origin of the Kurds 2 3 Contents 1 Early entities 2 Remnants of the Ayyubid Dynasty 13th century 19th century 3 Buffer zones between the Ottomans and Persia 13th century 19th century 4 Other dynasties of Kurdish ancestry 5 20th 21st century entities 6 Current entities 7 Gallery 8 See also 9 Bibliography 10 References 11 External linksEarly entities Edit Ayyubid dynasty in 1193 Sadakiyans 770 827 Daysam 938 955 4 Hadhabanis 906 1080 Aishanids 912 961 5 Shaddadids 951 1199 6 Rawwadids 955 1071 Hasanwayhids 959 1014 7 Marwanids 983 1096 6 Annazids 990 91 8 9 1117 10 Shabankara 11th century 12th century 11 12 Principality of Egil 1049 1864 Diyarbakir 13 Hazaraspids 1115 1425 Ayyubid dynasty 1171 1341 14 Principality of Bitlis 1187 1847 Vassaldom of Ardalan 14th century 15 1865 or 1868 16 17 Zakarids 1161 1360 18 19 20 Emirate of Cemisgezek 13th century 1663 21 Mukriyan 14th century 19th century 22 Zarrinnaal Dynasty 1448 1925 Emirate of Pazooka 1499 1587 23 Principality of Suleyman 24 15th century 1838 Emirate of Soran before 1514 25 1836 26 Emirate of Miks 1846 27 Remnants of the Ayyubid Dynasty 13th century 19th century EditVarious Kurdish political entities blossomed in the period after the disestablishment of the Ayyubid dynasty in 1260 Some of these rulers claimed descent from the Ayyubids Principality of Donboli 1210 1799 28 Emirate of Bingol 1231 1864 29 Emirate of Hasankeyf 1232 29 1524 29 Emirate of Kilis 30 Emirate of Sirvan 1840s 31 Emirate of Hakkari 1845 32 Principality of Zirqan 1335 1835 Emirate of Bahdinan 1339 33 1843 34 Emirate of Bohtan 1833 34 Principality of Mahmudi 1406 1839 35 Principality of Pinyasi 1548 1823 36 Buffer zones between the Ottomans and Persia 13th century 19th century EditFor various reasons Kurdish entities existed as buffer zones between the Ottoman Empire and Persia throughout history These include Khoy Khanate 1210 1799 Emirate of Palu 1495 1845 37 Emirate of Bradost 1510 1609 38 Baban 16th century 1850 39 Tabriz Khanate 1757 1799 40 Hasan Khan dynasty in Pish e Kuh 1795 1820 41 Sarab Khanate 18th century 40 Other dynasties of Kurdish ancestry EditSafavid dynasty 1501 1736 The dynasty was partly of Kurdish origin 42 43 44 Zand dynasty 1751 1794 The dynasty is of Kurdish Lak origin 45 46 20th 21st century entities EditKurdish State 1918 1919 Kingdom of Kurdistan 1921 1924 and 1925 Kurdistansky Uyezd 1923 1929 and Kurdistan Okrug 1930 Republic of Ararat 1927 1931 Republic of Mahabad 1946 1947 Republic of Lacin 1992 47 Islamic Emirate of Byara 2001 2003 Provisions of the Treaty of Sevres for an independent Kurdistan in 1920 Kingdom of Kurdistan 1923 Red Kurdistan 1923 1929 Republic of Mahabad 1945 1946 Islamic Emirate of Byara black at their peak controlling the entire Halabja GovernorateCurrent entities EditKurdistan Region autonomous region in Iraq 1970 present Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria self proclaimed autonomous region declared during the Syrian Civil War by the PYD 2012 present Iraqi Kurdistan in 1975 Iraqi Kurdistan in 1998 Iraqi Kurdistan in 2012 Modern Iraqi Kurdistan Kurdish led Autonomous Administration of North and East SyriaGallery Edit Khurasani Kurdish exclave circa 1835 Rawadid DynastySee also EditKurdish emirates Kurdistan Eyalet House of Kayus CordueneBibliography EditAboona Hirmis 2008 Assyrians Kurds and Ottomans Intercommunal Relations on the Periphery of the Ottoman Empire Cambria Press ISBN 9781604975833 Baluken Yusuf 2017 Cend Dokument ji Serdema Mirektiya Melkisi in Kurdish vol 7 Jimar Amoretti Biancamaria Scarcia Matthee Rudi 2009 Ṣafavid Dynasty In Esposito John L ed The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World Oxford University Press Of Kurdish ancestry the Ṣafavids started as a Sunni mystical order Matthee Rudi 2005 The Pursuit of Pleasure Drugs and Stimulants in Iranian History 1500 1900 Princeton University Press p 18 The Safavids as Iranians of Kurdish ancestry and of nontribal background Matthee Rudi 2008 SAFAVID DYNASTY Encyclopaedia Iranica As Persians of Kurdish ancestry and of a non tribal background the Safavids Savory Roger 2008 EBN BAZZAZ Encyclopaedia Iranica Vol VIII Fasc 1 p 8 This official version contains textual changes designed to obscure the Kurdish origins of the Safavid family and to vindicate their claim to descent from the Imams Basci Veysel 2019 Dunbuli Beyligi Tarihi ve Tarihi Kronikleri XIII XVIII YY Kadim Akademi SBD in Turkish 3 2 63 114 retrieved 28 May 2020 Behn W 1988 BABAN Encyclopedia Iranica vol III 3 Buchner V F 2012 S h abankara Encyclopaedia of Islam Brill Publishers doi 10 1163 2214 871X ei1 SIM 5253 ISBN 9789004082656 Dehqan Mustafa Genc Vural 2019 The Kurdish Emirate of Bradōst 1510 1609 Oriente Moderno 99 3 306 320 doi 10 1163 22138617 12340222 S2CID 213564665 retrieved 30 January 2021 Ebraheem Sharameen 2013 The Impact of Architectural Identity on Nation Branding The Case Study of Iraqi Kurdistan PDF Manchester Metropolitan University s Research Repository Eppel Michael 2018 The Kurdish emirates Routledge Handbook on the Kurds Routledge Handbooks Online pp 35 47 doi 10 4324 9781315627427 4 ISBN 978 1 138 64664 3 S2CID 186808301 retrieved 1 May 2020 Flynn Thomas O 2017 The Western Christian Presence in the Russias and Qajar Persia c 1760 c 1870 Brill Publishers ISBN 9789004313545 Ghalib Sabah Abdullah 2011 The Emergence of Kurdism with Special Reference to the Three Kurdish Emirates within the Ottoman Empire 1800 1850 PDF University of Exeter retrieved 1 May 2020 Gunter Michael M 2010 Historical Dictionary of the Kurds Scarecrow Press ISBN 9780810875074 Hakan Sinan 2002 Mukus Kurt Mirleri Tarihi ve Han Mahmud in Turkish Peri Yayinlari ISBN 9789758245581 Houtsma M Th 1993 E J Brill s First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913 1936 Brill Publishers Kaplan Yasar 2015 Pinyanis Hukumeti Government of Pinyanish in Turkish Hakkari University Maisel Sebastian 2018 The Kurds An Encyclopedia of Life Culture and Society ABC CLIO ISBN 978 1 4408 4257 3 Meinecke Michael 1996 Patterns of Stylistic Changes in Islamic Architecture Local Traditions Versus Migrating Artists NYU Press ISBN 9780814754924 Petrushevsky Ilya Pavlovich 1949 Ocherki po istorii feodalnyh otnoshenij v Azerbajdzhane i Armenii v XVI nachale XIX vv in Russian Saint Petersburg State University Soyudogan Muhsin 2015 Tribal Bandistry in Ottoman Ayntab 1690 1730 Bilkent University Spuler B 2012 Faḍlawayh Encyclopaedia of Islam Brill Publishers doi 10 1163 1573 3912 islam SIM 2233 ISBN 9789004161214 Top Mehmet 1998 Hosaptaki Mahmudi Beylerine Ait Mimari Eserler Academia SBD in Turkish 3 2 Verheij Jelle 30 March 2018 The year of the firman The 1895 massacres in Hizan and Sirvan Bitlis vilayet Etudes armeniennes contemporaines 10 125 159 doi 10 4000 eac 1495 ISSN 2269 5281 retrieved 24 May 2020 Unal Mehmet Ali 1999 XVI yuzyilda Cemisgezek sancagi in Turkish Peacock Andrew 2017 RAWWADIDS Encyclopaedia Iranica RAWWADIDS a family of Arab descent Their Kurdicized descendants ruled over Azerbaijan and parts of Armenia in the second half of the 10th and much of the 11th century References Edit van Bruinessen Martin 1989 A Andrews Peter ed The ethnic identity of the Kurds Ethnic Groups in the Republic of Turkey 5 Limbert John 1968 The Origins and Appearance of the Kurds in Pre Islamic Iran Iranian Studies 1 2 48 doi 10 1080 00210866808701350 JSTOR 4309997 via JSTOR James Boris September 2006 Uses and Values of the Term Kurd in Arabic Medieval Literary Sources Institut Kurde Retrieved 4 April 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Bosworth 1994 Daysam Iranica Online Tor D G 2017 The Abbasid and Carolingian Empires Studies in Civilizational Formation Brill Academic Pub p 54 55 a b Amir Hassanpour Nationalism and Language in Kurdistan 1918 1985 Mellen Research University Press 1992 p 50 Gunter 2010 p 117 Aḥmad K M 1985 ʿANNAZIDS Iranica Online II Pezeshk Manouchehr Negahban Farzin 2008 ʿAnnazids In Madelung Wilferd Daftary Farhad eds Encyclopaedia Islamica Online Brill Online ISSN 1875 9831 Aḥmad K M 1985 ʿANNAZIDS Iranica Online II Buchner 2012 Spuler 2012 Han Seref Cev Ibrahim Sunkur 2016 Serefname Van Sitav p 204 ISBN 978 605 66520 1 1 R S Humphreys Ayyubids Encyclopaedia Iranica August 18 2011 1 Oberling P BANi ARDALAN Encyclopaedia Iranica Retrieved 2011 09 21 David Mcdowall 1996 The Kurds PDF Minority Rights Group International Report p 20 Retrieved 2 May 2020 Najat Abdulla Ali 2006 Empire frontiere et tribu Le Kurdistan et le conflit de frontiere turco persan 1843 1932 in French p 159 Alexei Lidov 1991 The mural paintings of Akhtala p 14 Nauka Publishers Central Dept of Oriental Literature University of Michigan ISBN 5 02 017569 2 ISBN 978 5 02 017569 3 It is clear from the account of these Armenian historians that Ivane s great grandfather broke away from the Kurdish tribe of Babir Vladimir Minorsky 1953 Studies in Caucasian History p 102 CUP Archive ISBN 0 521 05735 3 ISBN 978 0 521 05735 6 According to a tradition which has every reason to be true their ancestors were Mesopotamian Kurds of the tribe xel Babirakan Richard Barrie Dobson 2000 Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages A J p 107 Editions du Cerf University of Michigan ISBN 0 227 67931 8 ISBN 978 0 227 67931 9 under the Christianized Kurdish dynasty of Zak arids they tried to re establish nazarar system Unal 1999 pp 262 263 Hassanpour Amir 1989 BuKAN Encyclopedia Iranica IV Han Seref Cev Ibrahim Sunkur 2016 Serefname Van Sitav p 375 ISBN 978 605 66520 1 1 Houtsma 1993 p 1144 1445 Ghalib 2011 p 50 Ebraheem 2013 p 235 Hakan 2002 Basci 2019 p 63 a b c Maisel 2018 p 131 Soyudogan 2015 Verheij 2018 Flynn 2017 p 663 Aboona 2008 p 175 a b Eppel 2018 p 42 Top 1998 p 6 9 Kaplan 2015 p 4 Nusret Aydin Diyarbakir and Mirdasiler History 2011 p 304 305 Dehqan amp Genc 2019 Behn 1988 a b Tapper Richard 2010 Shahsevan Encyclopedia Iranica Dehqn Mustafa 2009 Arkawazi and His Baweyal A Feyli Elegiac Verse from Pistiku Iranian Studies 42 3 409 422 doi 10 1080 00210860902907362 JSTOR 25597563 S2CID 159957313 Matthee 2005 p 17 Matthee 2008 Amoretti amp Matthee 2009 Savory 2008 p 8 Perry John ZAND DYNASTY iranicaonline org Encyclopaedia Iranica Retrieved 24 March 2017 The founder of the dynasty was Moḥammad Karim Khan b Inaq Khan of the Bagala branch of the Zand a pastoral tribe of the Lak branch of Lors perhaps originally Kurds see Minorsky p 616 the bulk of the evidence points to their being one of the northern Lur or Lak tribes who may originally have been immigrants of Kurdish origin Peter Avery William Bayne Fisher Gavin Hambly Charles Melville ed The Cambridge History of Iran From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic Cambridge University Press 1991 ISBN 978 0 521 20095 0 p 64 Kemper Michael Conermann Stephan 2011 The Heritage of Soviet Oriental Studies Routledge p 92 ISBN 978 1 136 83854 5 In 1992 the area of Lacin was occupied by Armeian forces a Kurdish Republic of Lacin was subsequently declared by local Kurds but this remained a rather short lived not to say stillborn adventureExternal links EditHistorical map Kurdish states in 1835 Historical map Kurdish political enclaves and territorial demands 1919 98 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of Kurdish dynasties and countries amp oldid 1129358266, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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