Qonce
King William's Town, officially known as Qonce,[3] is a city in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa along the banks of the Buffalo River. The city is about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of the Indian Ocean port of East London. It has a population of around 35,000 inhabitants and forms part of the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality.
King William's Town | |
|---|---|
| Qonce | |
Street scene | |
King William's Town King William's Town King William's Town | |
| Coordinates: 32°53′S 27°24′E / 32.883°S 27.400°ECoordinates: 32°53′S 27°24′E / 32.883°S 27.400°E | |
| Country | South Africa |
| Province | Eastern Cape |
| District | Buffalo City |
| Municipality | Buffalo City |
| Established | 1835[1] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 65.52 km2 (25.30 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 398 m (1,306 ft) |
| Population (2011)[2] | |
| • Total | 34,019 |
| • Density | 520/km2 (1,300/sq mi) |
| Racial makeup (2011) | |
| • Black African | 65.3% |
| • Coloured | 25.6% |
| • Indian/Asian | 2.5% |
| • White | 5.6% |
| • Other | 0.9% |
| First languages (2011) | |
| • Xhosa | 54.5% |
| • Afrikaans | 27.3% |
| • English | 13.7% |
| • Other | 4.4% |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (SAST) |
| Postal code (street) | 5601 |
| PO box | 5600 |
| Area code | 043 |
The city lies 389 m (1,276 ft) above sea level at the foot of the Amathole Mountains in an area known for its agriculture. The city has one of the oldest post offices in the country developed by missionaries led by Charles Brownlee.[4]
History
For thousands of years, the area was roamed by Bushman bands, and then was used as grazing by the nomadic Khoikhoi, who called the Buffalo River Qonce. Xhosa people lived alongside the Khoi Khoi eventually taking over the land after queen Hoho lost the war with King Ngqika.[citation needed]
King William's Town was founded by Sir Benjamin d’Urban in May 1835 during the Xhosa War of that year. The town stands on the site of the kraal of the minor chief Dyani Tyatyu and was named after William IV. It was abandoned in December 1836, but was reoccupied in 1846 and was the capital of British Kaffraria from its creation in 1847 to its incorporation in 1865 with the Cape Colony. Uniquely in the Cape Colony, its local government was styled a borough, rather than a municipality. Many of the colonists in the neighbouring districts are descendants of members of the British German Legion disbanded after the Crimean War and provided with homes in the Cape Colony; hence such names as Berlin, Braunschweig, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Potsdam and Stutterheim given to settlements in this part of the country.
It was declared the provincial capital of the surrounding Queen Adelaide's Province in the 1830s. On 5 May 1877, the Cape Government of Prime Minister John Molteno opened the first railway, connecting the town to East London on the coast and to the Xhosa lands inland and further east.[5] With its direct railway communication, the town became an important entrepôt for trade with the Xhosa people throughout Kaffraria.
The area's economy depended on cattle and sheep ranching, and the town itself has a large industrial base producing textiles, soap, candles, sweets, cartons and clothing. Its proximity to the new provincial capital city of Bhisho has brought much development to the area since the end of apartheid in 1994.
In 2007 the Eastern Cape government considered plans to give the city a new Bantu name. The city officially became Qonce on 21 February 2021.[6][7]
The city is also home to Huberta, one of the farthest-travelling hippopotami in South Africa. It is preserved in the Amathole Museum in the CBD.[citation needed]
Notable people
- King Maxhob'ayakhawuleza Sandile "Aa! Zanesizwe!", the King and ruler of the Rharhabe House of the Xhosa Kingdom.
- King Jonguxolo Sandile "Aa! Vul'ulwandle!", the King and ruler of the Rharhabe House of the Xhosa Kingdom.
- Steve Biko, anti-Apartheid Black Consciousness Movement leader was born here
- Andile Yenana, South African pianist
- Charles Patrick John Coghlan, first premier of Rhodesia was born here
- Buster Farrer, former international cricket, tennis and hockey player
- Garry Pagel, former South African rugby union player was born here
- John Tengo Jabavu, founder of the first Xhosa-language newspaper in South Africa
- Griffiths Mxenge, anti-Apartheid activist
- Victoria Mxenge, anti-Apartheid activist
- Steve Tshwete, anti-Apartheid activist
- Makhaya Ntini, former South African Test cricketer
- Raven Klaasen, professional tennis player
- Lukhanyo Am, South African Rugby union team player
- CB Jennings, South African Rugby union team player and mayor of King William's Town
References
- ^ Robson, Linda Gillian (2011). "Annexure A" (PDF). The Royal Engineers and settlement planning in the Cape Colony 1806–1872: Approach, methodology and impact (PhD thesis). University of Pretoria. pp. xlv–lii. hdl:2263/26503.
- ^ a b c d "Main Place King William's Town". Census 2011.
- ^ "Two SA airports – and Port Elizabeth – just got official new names". BusinessInsider. Retrieved 2021-02-24.
- ^ "King William's Town - Steeped in History". www.privateproperty.co.za. Retrieved 2021-08-24.
- ^ Burman, Jose (1984), Early Railways at the Cape. Cape Town: Human & Rousseau, p.83. ISBN 0-7981-1760-5
- ^ Staff Writer (3 September 2020). "Name changes planned for East London and other Eastern Cape towns". businesstech.co.za. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
- ^ Staff Writer (24 February 2021). "South African city of Port Elizabeth becomes Gqeberha". BBC.co.uk. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "King William's Town". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 822.