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Bhisho

Bhisho, formerly Bisho,[2] is the capital of the Eastern Cape province in South Africa. The Office of the Premier, Provincial Legislature and many other government departments are headquartered in the town. The town, three kilometres from Qonce and 70 kilometres from East London, is also part of Buffalo City.

Bhisho
Bisho
Bisho Massacre Memorial Site
Bhisho
Bhisho
Bhisho
Coordinates: 32°50′58″S 27°26′17″E / 32.84944°S 27.43806°E / -32.84944; 27.43806
CountrySouth Africa
ProvinceEastern Cape
MunicipalityBuffalo City
Area
 • Total8.08 km2 (3.12 sq mi)
Elevation
435 m (1,427 ft)
Population
 (2011)[1]
 • Total11,192
 • Density1,400/km2 (3,600/sq mi)
Racial makeup (2011)
 • Black African98.3%
 • Coloured1.0%
 • Indian/Asian0.2%
 • White0.2%
 • Other0.2%
First languages (2011)
 • Xhosa92.0%
 • English4.0%
 • Other4.1%
Time zoneUTC+2 (SAST)
Postal code (street)
5605
PO box
5605
Area code040

History edit

Bhisho derives its name from the Xhosa word for buffalo, which is also the name of the river (Buffalo River) that runs through this town. Bhisho was named after the song by Ben Tyazashe, who wrote of his longing for his home, Bisho, his name for King William's Town[3] however, it has also been claimed that the name was invented by Ciskei leader Lennox Sebe, after his unsuccessful bid to incorporate King William's Town into Ciskei, as Qonce (the Xhosa version of the Khoikhoi name for the Buffalo River; it means “buffalo”) was already used as the native name for King William's Town.[4]

Capital of Ciskei edit

When the bantustan of Ciskei was nominally granted independence in 1981, although this was never recognised outside South Africa, Bisho served as its capital city. During the early 1980s under the leadership of Lennox Sebe, Bisho underwent a period of intense development.

Its location six kilometres north of King William's Town on the main road linking the Cape to the Transkei and Natal has been described as the result of the Ciskei government wanting to place an "economic stranglehold" upon the white community of King William's Town[5] who united across political lines against incorporation into the homeland, in the face of a 1979 recommendation by the South African government.[4]

In 1983, at the height Ciskei government, Bisho signed a sister-city agreement with the settlement of Ariel in the Israeli-occupied West Bank.[6] This saw the construction of two hospitals (one on a floodplain)[5] including Bisho Hospital and up to 10 firms around the capital by Israeli entrepreneurs and technicians. In 1985, when Bisho ended its relationship with the West Bank, there were 200 Israelis in the Ciskei.[7]

Bisho Massacre edit

On 7 September 1992, Bisho became the scene of what is known as the Bisho massacre, when about 80–100,000 people marched on Bisho calling for the dismantling of Ciskei, which still maintained a measure of independence, and removal of the homeland's leader Brigadier Oupa Gqozo. The Ciskei Defence Force opened fire, shooting dead 28 or 29 people, and wounding 100. The massacre came at a critical time when negotiations towards democracy were underway.

Post-Apartheid Era edit

Bisho was reincorporated into South Africa on 12 August 1994, following the first democratic elections in the country in April the same year. In October 1994, the then Eastern Cape Premier Raymond Mhlaba announced that Bisho had been selected as the capital city of the Eastern Cape due to its infrastructure, accessibility to major roads and space for further development.[8]

The department of Arts and Culture published a correction of spelling of Bisho to Bhisho in their government notice No. 830 of Gazette No. 26552 on 16 July 2004.

Bhisho today edit

Bhisho's major structures include the Eastern Cape government offices (including office of the Premier), a branch of the University of Fort Hare, Bhisho Hospital, Bisho massacre Memorial, Bhisho Stadium and an SABC radio station known as trufm. Bhisho is dependent on the nearby King Williams Town and East London. The majority of the town's population who are employed are public service workers. The town of Bhisho is surrounded by residential areas; Bhisho Central, Tyutyu North, Bhisho Gardens, Tyutyu Location/Central ,Balasi and Amatola View.[3]

Climate edit

Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies Bhisho's climate as cool semi-arid (BSk), although it borders closely on both a hot semi-arid climate (BSh) and a humid subtropical climate (Cfa).

Climate data for Bhisho
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 26.4
(79.5)
26.6
(79.9)
25.5
(77.9)
23.9
(75.0)
22.1
(71.8)
20.4
(68.7)
20.0
(68.0)
20.9
(69.6)
21.7
(71.1)
22.3
(72.1)
23.5
(74.3)
25.3
(77.5)
23.2
(73.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 21.1
(70.0)
21.3
(70.3)
20.3
(68.5)
18.2
(64.8)
15.8
(60.4)
13.9
(57.0)
13.4
(56.1)
14.2
(57.6)
15.4
(59.7)
16.7
(62.1)
18.1
(64.6)
19.8
(67.6)
17.4
(63.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 15.8
(60.4)
16.1
(61.0)
15.1
(59.2)
12.5
(54.5)
9.6
(49.3)
7.4
(45.3)
6.9
(44.4)
7.5
(45.5)
9.2
(48.6)
11.2
(52.2)
12.8
(55.0)
14.4
(57.9)
11.5
(52.8)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 65
(2.6)
71
(2.8)
72
(2.8)
43
(1.7)
22
(0.9)
19
(0.7)
17
(0.7)
28
(1.1)
47
(1.9)
80
(3.1)
76
(3.0)
70
(2.8)
610
(24.1)
Source: Climate-Data.org[9]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d "Main Place Bhisho". Census 2011.
  2. ^ Jenkins, Elwyn (2007), Falling into place: the story of modern South African place names, David Philip Publishers, p. 75
  3. ^ a b . southafrica.co.za. Archived from the original on 4 August 2017. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
  4. ^ a b "The Creation of Tribalism in Southern Africa".
  5. ^ a b . South African History Online. Archived from the original on 27 July 2018. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
  6. ^ Sasha Polakow-Suransky, The Unspoken Alliance: Israel's Secret Relationship with Apartheid South Africa, (New York: Pantheon Books), 2010, p. 157.
  7. ^ Jane Haapiseva-Hunter (1987). Israel and Africa: The Problematic Friendship. British Academic Press. ISBN 9780896082854. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
  8. ^ Siyongwana, Pakima (January 2002). The selection of the capital city of the Eastern Cape province & The fall of a former capital city : Umtata. Benoˆıt Antheaume, Fr´ed´eric Giraut et Brij Maharaj. Rencontres scientifiques franco-Sud-Africaines de l’innovation territoriale. Grenoble-Avignon, France. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
  9. ^ "Climate: Bhisho – Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 23 August 2013.

bhisho, formerly, bisho, capital, eastern, cape, province, south, africa, office, premier, provincial, legislature, many, other, government, departments, headquartered, town, town, three, kilometres, from, qonce, kilometres, from, east, london, also, part, buf. Bhisho formerly Bisho 2 is the capital of the Eastern Cape province in South Africa The Office of the Premier Provincial Legislature and many other government departments are headquartered in the town The town three kilometres from Qonce and 70 kilometres from East London is also part of Buffalo City Bhisho BishoBisho Massacre Memorial SiteBhishoShow map of Eastern CapeBhishoShow map of South AfricaBhishoShow map of AfricaCoordinates 32 50 58 S 27 26 17 E 32 84944 S 27 43806 E 32 84944 27 43806CountrySouth AfricaProvinceEastern CapeMunicipalityBuffalo CityArea 1 Total8 08 km2 3 12 sq mi Elevation435 m 1 427 ft Population 2011 1 Total11 192 Density1 400 km2 3 600 sq mi Racial makeup 2011 1 Black African98 3 Coloured1 0 Indian Asian0 2 White0 2 Other0 2 First languages 2011 1 Xhosa92 0 English4 0 Other4 1 Time zoneUTC 2 SAST Postal code street 5605PO box5605Area code040 Contents 1 History 1 1 Capital of Ciskei 1 2 Bisho Massacre 1 3 Post Apartheid Era 2 Bhisho today 3 Climate 4 ReferencesHistory editBhisho derives its name from the Xhosa word for buffalo which is also the name of the river Buffalo River that runs through this town Bhisho was named after the song by Ben Tyazashe who wrote of his longing for his home Bisho his name for King William s Town 3 however it has also been claimed that the name was invented by Ciskei leader Lennox Sebe after his unsuccessful bid to incorporate King William s Town into Ciskei as Qonce the Xhosa version of the Khoikhoi name for the Buffalo River it means buffalo was already used as the native name for King William s Town 4 Capital of Ciskei edit Further information Ciskei When the bantustan of Ciskei was nominally granted independence in 1981 although this was never recognised outside South Africa Bisho served as its capital city During the early 1980s under the leadership of Lennox Sebe Bisho underwent a period of intense development Its location six kilometres north of King William s Town on the main road linking the Cape to the Transkei and Natal has been described as the result of the Ciskei government wanting to place an economic stranglehold upon the white community of King William s Town 5 who united across political lines against incorporation into the homeland in the face of a 1979 recommendation by the South African government 4 In 1983 at the height Ciskei government Bisho signed a sister city agreement with the settlement of Ariel in the Israeli occupied West Bank 6 This saw the construction of two hospitals one on a floodplain 5 including Bisho Hospital and up to 10 firms around the capital by Israeli entrepreneurs and technicians In 1985 when Bisho ended its relationship with the West Bank there were 200 Israelis in the Ciskei 7 Bisho Massacre edit Main article Bisho Massacre On 7 September 1992 Bisho became the scene of what is known as the Bisho massacre when about 80 100 000 people marched on Bisho calling for the dismantling of Ciskei which still maintained a measure of independence and removal of the homeland s leader Brigadier Oupa Gqozo The Ciskei Defence Force opened fire shooting dead 28 or 29 people and wounding 100 The massacre came at a critical time when negotiations towards democracy were underway Post Apartheid Era edit Bisho was reincorporated into South Africa on 12 August 1994 following the first democratic elections in the country in April the same year In October 1994 the then Eastern Cape Premier Raymond Mhlaba announced that Bisho had been selected as the capital city of the Eastern Cape due to its infrastructure accessibility to major roads and space for further development 8 The department of Arts and Culture published a correction of spelling of Bisho to Bhisho in their government notice No 830 of Gazette No 26552 on 16 July 2004 Bhisho today editBhisho s major structures include the Eastern Cape government offices including office of the Premier a branch of the University of Fort Hare Bhisho Hospital Bisho massacre Memorial Bhisho Stadium and an SABC radio station known as trufm Bhisho is dependent on the nearby King Williams Town and East London The majority of the town s population who are employed are public service workers The town of Bhisho is surrounded by residential areas Bhisho Central Tyutyu North Bhisho Gardens Tyutyu Location Central Balasi and Amatola View 3 Climate editKoppen Geiger climate classification system classifies Bhisho s climate as cool semi arid BSk although it borders closely on both a hot semi arid climate BSh and a humid subtropical climate Cfa Climate data for Bhisho Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Mean daily maximum C F 26 4 79 5 26 6 79 9 25 5 77 9 23 9 75 0 22 1 71 8 20 4 68 7 20 0 68 0 20 9 69 6 21 7 71 1 22 3 72 1 23 5 74 3 25 3 77 5 23 2 73 8 Daily mean C F 21 1 70 0 21 3 70 3 20 3 68 5 18 2 64 8 15 8 60 4 13 9 57 0 13 4 56 1 14 2 57 6 15 4 59 7 16 7 62 1 18 1 64 6 19 8 67 6 17 4 63 2 Mean daily minimum C F 15 8 60 4 16 1 61 0 15 1 59 2 12 5 54 5 9 6 49 3 7 4 45 3 6 9 44 4 7 5 45 5 9 2 48 6 11 2 52 2 12 8 55 0 14 4 57 9 11 5 52 8 Average rainfall mm inches 65 2 6 71 2 8 72 2 8 43 1 7 22 0 9 19 0 7 17 0 7 28 1 1 47 1 9 80 3 1 76 3 0 70 2 8 610 24 1 Source Climate Data org 9 References edit a b c d Main Place Bhisho Census 2011 Jenkins Elwyn 2007 Falling into place the story of modern South African place names David Philip Publishers p 75 a b Bisho and King Williams Town Eastern Cape South Africa southafrica co za Archived from the original on 4 August 2017 Retrieved 27 July 2017 a b The Creation of Tribalism in Southern Africa a b BISHO A Post mordernist Mirage South African History Online Archived from the original on 27 July 2018 Retrieved 27 July 2017 Sasha Polakow Suransky The Unspoken Alliance Israel s Secret Relationship with Apartheid South Africa New York Pantheon Books 2010 p 157 Jane Haapiseva Hunter 1987 Israel and Africa The Problematic Friendship British Academic Press ISBN 9780896082854 Retrieved 27 July 2017 Siyongwana Pakima January 2002 The selection of the capital city of the Eastern Cape province amp The fall of a former capital city Umtata Benoˆit Antheaume Fr ed eric Giraut et Brij Maharaj Rencontres scientifiques franco Sud Africaines de l innovation territoriale Grenoble Avignon France Retrieved 27 July 2017 Climate Bhisho Climate graph Temperature graph Climate table Climate Data org Retrieved 23 August 2013 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bhisho amp oldid 1221251570, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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