fbpx
Wikipedia

Qasar

January 04, 2023

Not to be confused with Quasar.
"Hasar" redirects here. For places in Iran, see Hasar, Iran.

Qasar (also spelled Hasar or Khasar, and also known as Jo'chi Qasar; Mongolian: Жочи Хасар) was one of Genghis Khan's three full brothers. According to the Jami' al-Tawarikh, his given name was Jo'chi and he got the nickname Khasar after his distinguished bravery. He was also called Habutu Hasar (Хавт Хасар, Hasar the Skillful (archer)) because he was skilled with a bow.

Early life

Hasar, as a child, was thrown out of the Borjigin tribe along with the rest of the family by the Taichud warlord Targhutai Hiriltug. Food was scarce and Behter, his older half-brother, and the eldest of all the sons of the late Yesugei, stole or kept food from his mother and siblings. Hasar and his brother Temüjin killed their half-brother Behter as he returned from a fresh hunt. After the defeat of Temüjin at Khalakhaljid Sands (1203), Hasar was lost and hid himself, along with his sons and followers, in the forest. Temüjin then gathered new adherents among the Mongols, tricked his rival Ong Khan with a fake message of surrender from his missing brother Hasar, and crushed the Keraites in late 1203.

Military career

Granted territories by the khan, Genghis Khan's full brothers Qasar, Khajiun, and Temuge formed the Left Wing of the Mongol Empire in the eastern edge of Inner Mongolia, while Genghis Khan's three sons, Jochi, Chaghatai, and Ögedei, made up the Right Wing in the western edge. The Right Wing saw a significant expansion to the west but the Left Wing did not have so much land to be conquered.

Qasar did conquer what would later be known as Manchuria, Korea and territories that are presently part of Russia (north of Korea).[1]

Hasar's mother, Hoelun defended him against accusations of disloyalty stemming from Teb Tengri, a shaman. Stiffened by his mother Hoelun and wife Börte, who saw Teb Tengri as threat to the dynastic succession, Genghis allowed Khasar and Temüge to kill Teb Tengri in a wrestling match.

Unlike the Right Wing where properties were equally divided, Temüge was favored over Khasar and Khachiun in the Left Wing. Hasar's ulus (people and secondarily, territory) was significantly smaller than Temüge's. His original territory was located to the west of the Khingan Mountains and was surrounded by the Ergune and Hailar rivers, and the Külün Mountain. After the conquest of China, Hasarid princes had at least two additional territories in Shandong and Jiangxi, respectively.

Ancestry

See also: Family tree of Genghis Khan

Descendants

The princely houses of Hasar, Hachiun, and Temüge tended to coordinate with the five powerful clans: the Jalayir, Khunggirad, Ikires, Uruud, and Mangghud. They were usually led by princes from Temüge's house. At Arigh Bukha's rebellion, the three princely houses supported Khubilai (Genghis Khan's grandson) under leadership of Temüge's grandson, Ta'achar.

Among Hasarid princes, the third family head Yesüngge is probably the most famous. He was a son of Hasar and succeeded his brother Yegü. He is the hero of the Yesüngge Inscription (formerly known as the Genghis Stone). The princely house was succeeded by Yesüngge's son, Esen Emügen, and then Emügen's son, Shigdür. Although Shigdür joined the rebellion against Khubilai led by Temüge's great-great-grandson Nayan, the princely house survived without confusion. The sixth head, Babusha, was given the title of Qi Wang by Khayishan Külüg Khan in 1307. Sources show that Qasarid princes continued to hold the title even after the Yuan dynasty collapsed. Hasar's descendants were effective in other parts of Mongol Empire. It is also claimed that one Qasarid prince was killed in order to protect the last Great Khan Toghogan-Temur from Ming troops.

Togha Temür, a descendant of Hasar, was the last powerful claimant to the throne of the Ilkhanate in the mid-14th century. The family was known as the Hasar(Qasar) clan. With the death of Togha Temür at the hands of the Sarbadars of northern Khurasan in the mid-1300s, it is possible that the surviving members of the Hasar (Qasar) clan escaped into the mountains of what is today Afghanistan, where their descendants maintained their clan name of Hasar, which evolved over time into Hasara or Hazaras. As the Hazara people do not have a written history of their own, nothing can be proven, but this theory is more likely versus the theory that the name Hazara comes from the Persian word for "one thousand," which is actually, "hezar(hezār هزار)." As these Il Khanate Mongols had converted to Shia Islam and married Persian-speaking Persian women, their children had been raised as Shia Muslims with a mixed Mongol-Persian characteristic. This explains the current culture of Hazaras people very well.

It is not clear what happened to Hasarid princes from the late Yuan dynasty to the middle 15th century because of the confusion caused by the collapse of the Yuan dynasty in China proper. Mongolian chronicles compiled from the 17th century to the early 18th century contain some records on Hasar's descendants but they are considered mostly unhistorical by historians. In particular, Altan Tobchi by Mergen Gegeen (not to be confused with Lubsandanjin's Altan Tobchi) exaggerated the influence of Hasarid princes as the author himself descended from Khasar. The Oirat ruler Esen Tayisi deported a body of the Horchin to Western Mongolia in 1446 and they became the Khoshuds.[2]

It is widely accepted that Hasar's descendant Bolunai was a historical figure since his existence is confirmed in contemporary Chinese sources of 1463, 1467, and 1470. Mongolian chronicles say that Bolunai's brother Unubold killed Muulihai of the Ongliud, a descendant of Genghis Khan's half brother Belgütei. Another famous story about Unubold tells that he proposed to Mandukhai Khatun, a widow of Manduulun Khan, but that she chose the Genghisid infant Batu Möngke (Dayan Khan) over him.

Bolunai led the Horchin Mongols. His descendants ruled the Horchin, Jalayid, Do'rbed, and Gorlos of the Jirim League, the Aru Khorchin of the Juu Uda League, and the Dörben Heühed, Muu Mingghan, and Urad of the Ulaanchab League in the Manchu-led Qing dynasty's administration. Among them, Horchin princes established matrimonial relationship with the imperial family of Aisin Gioro at the early stage of the Manchu rise to power, and held top-ranking princely titles (hošoi cin wang) throughout the Qing Dynasty. The Dorbeds in Heilongjiang province submitted to the Qing in 1624, and they were organized into a banner in Jirim league ruled by descendants of Hasar. The Gorlos banners were also ruled by descendants of Hasar.

See also

References

  • Sugiyama Masaaki 杉山正明: Mongoru teikoku no genzō モンゴル帝国の原像, Mongoru teikoku to Daigen urusu モンゴル帝国と大元ウルス (The Mongol Empire and Dai-ön Ulus), pp. 28–61, 2004.
  • Sugiyama Masaaki 杉山正明: Babusha no reiji yori 八不沙の令旨より, Mongoru teikoku to Daigen urusu モンゴル帝国と大元ウルス (The Mongol Empire and Dai-ön Ulus), pp. 187–240, 2004.
  • Okada, Hidehiro 岡田英弘: The Descendants of Jöchi Khasar in Altan Tobchi of Mergen Gegen 墨爾根格根所撰『黄金史綱』中之拙赤合撒兒世系, Ya-chou tsu-p'u hsüeh-shu yen-t'ao-hui hui-i chi-lu 亞洲族譜學術研討會會議記錄, No.6, pp. 45–57, 1993.
  • Чулууны Далай - Монголын түүх 1260 - 1388. Хуудас 142.
  1. ^ Soucek, Branko; Soucek, Svat (2000-02-17). A History of Inner Asia. Cambridge University Press. p. 108. ISBN 9780521657044. qasar mongol china korea.
  2. ^ C.P.Atwood-Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, p.310

January 04, 2023
qasar, confused, with, quasar, hasar, redirects, here, places, iran, hasar, iran, also, spelled, hasar, khasar, also, known, mongolian, Жочи, Хасар, genghis, khan, three, full, brothers, according, jami, tawarikh, given, name, nickname, khasar, after, distingu. Not to be confused with Quasar Hasar redirects here For places in Iran see Hasar Iran Qasar also spelled Hasar or Khasar and also known as Jo chi Qasar Mongolian Zhochi Hasar was one of Genghis Khan s three full brothers According to the Jami al Tawarikh his given name was Jo chi and he got the nickname Khasar after his distinguished bravery He was also called Habutu Hasar Havt Hasar Hasar the Skillful archer because he was skilled with a bow Contents 1 Early life 2 Military career 3 Ancestry 4 Descendants 5 See also 6 ReferencesEarly life EditHasar as a child was thrown out of the Borjigin tribe along with the rest of the family by the Taichud warlord Targhutai Hiriltug Food was scarce and Behter his older half brother and the eldest of all the sons of the late Yesugei stole or kept food from his mother and siblings Hasar and his brother Temujin killed their half brother Behter as he returned from a fresh hunt After the defeat of Temujin at Khalakhaljid Sands 1203 Hasar was lost and hid himself along with his sons and followers in the forest Temujin then gathered new adherents among the Mongols tricked his rival Ong Khan with a fake message of surrender from his missing brother Hasar and crushed the Keraites in late 1203 Military career EditGranted territories by the khan Genghis Khan s full brothers Qasar Khajiun and Temuge formed the Left Wing of the Mongol Empire in the eastern edge of Inner Mongolia while Genghis Khan s three sons Jochi Chaghatai and Ogedei made up the Right Wing in the western edge The Right Wing saw a significant expansion to the west but the Left Wing did not have so much land to be conquered Qasar did conquer what would later be known as Manchuria Korea and territories that are presently part of Russia north of Korea 1 Hasar s mother Hoelun defended him against accusations of disloyalty stemming from Teb Tengri a shaman Stiffened by his mother Hoelun and wife Borte who saw Teb Tengri as threat to the dynastic succession Genghis allowed Khasar and Temuge to kill Teb Tengri in a wrestling match Unlike the Right Wing where properties were equally divided Temuge was favored over Khasar and Khachiun in the Left Wing Hasar s ulus people and secondarily territory was significantly smaller than Temuge s His original territory was located to the west of the Khingan Mountains and was surrounded by the Ergune and Hailar rivers and the Kulun Mountain After the conquest of China Hasarid princes had at least two additional territories in Shandong and Jiangxi respectively Ancestry EditSee also Family tree of Genghis Khan HoelunYesugei BaghaturBorteTemujin Genghis Khan HasarHachiunTemugeBelguteiBehterJochiChagataiOgedeiToluiDescendants EditThe princely houses of Hasar Hachiun and Temuge tended to coordinate with the five powerful clans the Jalayir Khunggirad Ikires Uruud and Mangghud They were usually led by princes from Temuge s house At Arigh Bukha s rebellion the three princely houses supported Khubilai Genghis Khan s grandson under leadership of Temuge s grandson Ta achar Among Hasarid princes the third family head Yesungge is probably the most famous He was a son of Hasar and succeeded his brother Yegu He is the hero of the Yesungge Inscription formerly known as the Genghis Stone The princely house was succeeded by Yesungge s son Esen Emugen and then Emugen s son Shigdur Although Shigdur joined the rebellion against Khubilai led by Temuge s great great grandson Nayan the princely house survived without confusion The sixth head Babusha was given the title of Qi Wang by Khayishan Kulug Khan in 1307 Sources show that Qasarid princes continued to hold the title even after the Yuan dynasty collapsed Hasar s descendants were effective in other parts of Mongol Empire It is also claimed that one Qasarid prince was killed in order to protect the last Great Khan Toghogan Temur from Ming troops Togha Temur a descendant of Hasar was the last powerful claimant to the throne of the Ilkhanate in the mid 14th century The family was known as the Hasar Qasar clan With the death of Togha Temur at the hands of the Sarbadars of northern Khurasan in the mid 1300s it is possible that the surviving members of the Hasar Qasar clan escaped into the mountains of what is today Afghanistan where their descendants maintained their clan name of Hasar which evolved over time into Hasara or Hazaras As the Hazara people do not have a written history of their own nothing can be proven but this theory is more likely versus the theory that the name Hazara comes from the Persian word for one thousand which is actually hezar hezar هزار As these Il Khanate Mongols had converted to Shia Islam and married Persian speaking Persian women their children had been raised as Shia Muslims with a mixed Mongol Persian characteristic This explains the current culture of Hazaras people very well It is not clear what happened to Hasarid princes from the late Yuan dynasty to the middle 15th century because of the confusion caused by the collapse of the Yuan dynasty in China proper Mongolian chronicles compiled from the 17th century to the early 18th century contain some records on Hasar s descendants but they are considered mostly unhistorical by historians In particular Altan Tobchi by Mergen Gegeen not to be confused with Lubsandanjin s Altan Tobchi exaggerated the influence of Hasarid princes as the author himself descended from Khasar The Oirat ruler Esen Tayisi deported a body of the Horchin to Western Mongolia in 1446 and they became the Khoshuds 2 It is widely accepted that Hasar s descendant Bolunai was a historical figure since his existence is confirmed in contemporary Chinese sources of 1463 1467 and 1470 Mongolian chronicles say that Bolunai s brother Unubold killed Muulihai of the Ongliud a descendant of Genghis Khan s half brother Belgutei Another famous story about Unubold tells that he proposed to Mandukhai Khatun a widow of Manduulun Khan but that she chose the Genghisid infant Batu Mongke Dayan Khan over him Bolunai led the Horchin Mongols His descendants ruled the Horchin Jalayid Do rbed and Gorlos of the Jirim League the Aru Khorchin of the Juu Uda League and the Dorben Heuhed Muu Mingghan and Urad of the Ulaanchab League in the Manchu led Qing dynasty s administration Among them Horchin princes established matrimonial relationship with the imperial family of Aisin Gioro at the early stage of the Manchu rise to power and held top ranking princely titles hosoi cin wang throughout the Qing Dynasty The Dorbeds in Heilongjiang province submitted to the Qing in 1624 and they were organized into a banner in Jirim league ruled by descendants of Hasar The Gorlos banners were also ruled by descendants of Hasar See also EditMughal tribe References EditSugiyama Masaaki 杉山正明 Mongoru teikoku no genzō モンゴル帝国の原像 Mongoru teikoku to Daigen urusu モンゴル帝国と大元ウルス The Mongol Empire and Dai on Ulus pp 28 61 2004 Sugiyama Masaaki 杉山正明 Babusha no reiji yori 八不沙の令旨より Mongoru teikoku to Daigen urusu モンゴル帝国と大元ウルス The Mongol Empire and Dai on Ulus pp 187 240 2004 Okada Hidehiro 岡田英弘 The Descendants of Jochi Khasar in Altan Tobchi of Mergen Gegen 墨爾根格根所撰 黄金史綱 中之拙赤合撒兒世系 Ya chou tsu p u hsueh shu yen t ao hui hui i chi lu 亞洲族譜學術研討會會議記錄 No 6 pp 45 57 1993 Chuluuny Dalaj Mongolyn tүүh 1260 1388 Huudas 142 Soucek Branko Soucek Svat 2000 02 17 A History of Inner Asia Cambridge University Press p 108 ISBN 9780521657044 qasar mongol china korea C P Atwood Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire p 310 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Qasar amp oldid 1127123829, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.