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Wikipedia

Katherine Maher

January 13, 2023

Katherine Roberts Maher (/mɑːr/;[1] born April 18, 1983)[2] is a former chief executive officer and executive director of the Wikimedia Foundation.[3][4][5]

Katherine Maher
Maher in 2016
Born
Katherine Roberts Maher

(1983-04-18) April 18, 1983 (age 39)
Wilton, Connecticut, U.S.
Alma materNew York University
OccupationBusiness executive
Maher introducing herself
recorded June 2016
Maher talking about Wikidata in 2017

A member of the Council on Foreign Relations, Maher worked for UNICEF, the National Democratic Institute, the World Bank and Access Now before joining the Wikimedia Foundation. She subsequently joined the Atlantic Council and currently serves on the US Department of State’s Foreign Affairs Policy Board.

Early life and education

Maher grew up in Wilton, Connecticut[2] and attended Wilton High School.[6] After high school, Maher graduated from the Arabic Language Institute's Arabic Language Intensive Program of The American University in Cairo in 2003, which she recalled as a formative experience that instilled a deep love of the Middle East.[7] Maher subsequently studied at the Institut français d’études arabes de Damas in Syria and spent time in Lebanon and Tunisia.[2][8][9]

In 2005, Maher received a bachelor's degree from New York University in Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies.[10]

Maher originally intended to be an academic and work for human rights and international development organizations.[11]

Career

 
Katherine Maher with giddha dancers at WikiConference India 2016.

After internships at the Council on Foreign Relations and Eurasia Group, in 2005, Maher began working at HSBC in London, Germany, and Canada as part of their international manager development program.[2]

In 2007, Maher returned to New York City where from 2007 to 2010 she worked at UNICEF as an innovation and communication officer.[12] She worked to promote the use of technology to improve people's lives and traveled extensively to work on issues related to maternal health, HIV/AIDS prevention, and youth participation in technology.[2] One of her first projects at UNICEF involved testing MediaWiki extensions related to accessibility in Ethiopia.[13] Another project received USAid Development 2.0 Challenge grant funding to work on the use of mobile phones to monitor nutrition in children in Malawi.[12]

From 2010 to 2011, Maher worked at the National Democratic Institute as an ICT Program Officer.[14] From 2011 to 2013, Maher worked at the World Bank as an ICT innovation specialist and consulted on technology for international development and democratization, working on ICT for accountability and governance with a focus on the role of mobile phones and other technologies in facilitating civil society and institutional reform, particularly in the Middle East and Africa.[15] She co-authored a chapter on "Making Government Mobile" of a World Bank publication titled Information and Communications for Development 2012: Maximizing Mobile.[16] In 2012, Maher's Twitter feed on issues related to the Middle East was noted for its coverage of the Arab Spring.[17][18]

From 2013 to 2014, Maher was advocacy director at the Washington, D.C.-based Access Now.[19][20] As part of this work, she focused on the impact on people of laws about cyber security, morality, and defamation of the state that increase state censorship and reduce dissent.[21] Access was a signatory of the Declaration of Internet Freedom.[15]

 
Maher and Jimmy Wales at Wikimania 2017

Maher was chief communications officer of the Wikimedia Foundation from April 2014 to March 2016.[19][22][23] She was interviewed by The Washington Post on United States copyright law.[24]

Maher became interim executive director of the Wikimedia Foundation in March 2016 following the resignation of executive director Lila Tretikov[20][25] and was appointed executive director on June 23, 2016.[3][19]

In 2019, Maher became CEO of Wikimedia.[4] She stepped down from her positions as CEO and executive director of the Wikimedia Foundation on April 15, 2021.[4][5] Maryana Iskander was appointed as her successor.

Maher states that she focuses on global digital inclusion as a way to improve and protect the rights of people to information through technology.[2][26][27]

In 2022, Maher joined the US State Department's Foreign Affairs Policy Board, an expert panel established in 2011 by then-Secretary of State Hillary Clinton to advise US officials.[28][29]

Honors

Affiliations

Works and publications

  • Maher, Katherine (December 2010). "Food Fights—Nick Cullather's The Hungry World: America's Cold War Battle Against Poverty in Asia". Bookforum.
  • Maher, Katherine (March 21, 2011). "SXSW festival takes on board use of technology for social impact". The Guardian.
  • Maher, Katherine (August 17, 2012). "Did the Bounds of Cyber War Just Expand to Banks and Neutral States?". The Atlantic.
  • Raja, Siddhartha; Melhem, Samia; Cruse, Matthew; Goldstein, Joshua; Maher, Katherine; Minges, Michael; Surya, Priya (August 2012). "Chapter 6: Making Government Mobile" (PDF). Information and Communications for Development 2012: Maximizing Mobile. Washington, DC: World Bank. pp. 87–101. doi:10.1596/9780821389911_ch06. ISBN 978-0-8213-8991-1. OCLC 895048866.
  • Maher, Katherine; York, Jillian C. (2013). "Origins of the Tunisian Internet". In Hussain, Muzammil M.; Howard, Philip N. (eds.). State Power 2.0: Authoritarian Entrenchment and Political Engagement Worldwide. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-4094-5469-4. OCLC 940726016.
  • Maher, Katherine (February 25, 2013). . Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on March 5, 2015.
  • Maher, Katherine (March 19, 2014). . Politico. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
  • Maher, Katherine (December 5, 2016). "The Sum of All Knowledge" (Video). Google Talks.
  • Maher, Katherine (October 4, 2017). "How Wikipedia Changed The Exchange Of Knowledge (And Where It's Going Next)". Forbes.
  • Maher, Katherine (October 17, 2017). "Will Wikipedia Exist in 20 Years?" (Video). Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society at Harvard University.
  • Maher, Katherine (March 12, 2019). "Without Humans, A.I. Can Wreak Havoc". The New York Times.

See also

References

  1. ^ Maher, Katherine (January 10, 2020). "Maher rhymes with car, and is not a cognate of a female horse, a town leader, or a military leader. You'd think the Brits would know this after decades of colonial theory and praxis". @krmaher. Retrieved January 10, 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Boix, Montserrat; Sefidari, María (September 3, 2016). "Maher: "La Fundación necesita reflejar la cultura que queremos ver en la comunidad"" (Video). Wikimujeres. Wikimanía Esino Lario 2016.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  3. ^ a b Lorente, Patricio; Henner, Christophe (June 24, 2016). "Foundation Board appoints Katherine Maher as Executive Director". Wikimedia Blog.
  4. ^ a b c "Wikimedia Foundation CEO Katherine Maher to Step Down in April 2021". Wikimedia Foundation. February 4, 2021. Retrieved February 6, 2021.
  5. ^ a b "[Wikimedia-l] Thanks for all the fish! / Stepping down April 15". wikimedia-l mailing list. Retrieved February 4, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  6. ^ "More than half of Wilton High makes honor roll" (PDF). Wilton Bulletin. May 10, 2001. pp. 3D.
  7. ^ a b "AUCians Recognized Among Top 99 Foreign Policy Leaders Under 33". The American University in Cairo. October 8, 2013.
  8. ^ Rooney, Ben (June 28, 2012). . The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on September 4, 2012.
  9. ^ "Katherine Maher, CEO and Executive Director of Wikimedia Foundation". ABILITY Magazine. October 13, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  10. ^ "2000s" (PDF). NYU Alumni Magazine. No. 22. Spring 2014. p. 59.
  11. ^ "Katherine Maher, CEO and Executive Director of the Wikimedia Foundation". ABILITY Magazine. October 13, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  12. ^ a b Heather Ann (August 2, 2009). "SXSW 2009 Interview – Katherine Maher and Guarav Mishra" (Video). AustinLifestyles.com.
  13. ^ Maher, Katherine (June 26, 2016). "Wikimania 2016 – Q&A with the ED of Wikimedia Foundation Katherine Maher" (Video). Wikimania 2016. Wikimanía Esino Lario 2016.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  14. ^ "Tech in the Egyptian Revolution" (Video). frogdesign Design Mind. March 12, 2011.
  15. ^ a b Curley, Nina (October 9, 2012). "Resisting Internet Censorship: Katherine Maher of Access at SHARE Beirut" (Video). Wamda.
  16. ^ Raja, Siddhartha; Melhem, Samia; Cruse, Matthew; Goldstein, Joshua; Maher, Katherine; Minges, Michael; Surya, Priya (August 2012). "Chapter 6: Making Government Mobile". Information and Communications for Development 2012: Maximizing Mobile. Washington, DC: World Bank. pp. 87–101. doi:10.1596/9780821389911_ch06. ISBN 978-0-8213-8991-1. OCLC 895048866.
  17. ^ York, Jillian (April 3, 2012). . Levo League. Archived from the original on September 26, 2018. Retrieved January 8, 2017.
  18. ^ York, Jillian C. (June 20, 2012). "Introducing the FPwomerati: Why didn't Foreign Policy include more women in its Twitterati list? Here's a list of 100 female tweeters around the world that everyone should follow". Foreign Policy.
  19. ^ a b c Gardner, Sue (April 15, 2014). "Katherine Maher joins the Wikimedia Foundation as Chief Communications Officer". Wikimedia Blog.
  20. ^ a b Lorente, Patricio (March 16, 2016). "Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees welcomes Katherine Maher as interim Executive Director". Wikimedia Blog.
  21. ^ Fletcher, Lisa (August 8, 2012). . The Stream. Al Jazeera English. Archived from the original (TV show) on September 26, 2018. Retrieved January 8, 2017.
  22. ^ Fitzsimmons, Michelle (January 16, 2016). "Wikipedia is still disrupting after 15 years". TechRadar.
  23. ^ Bradley, Diana (May 15, 2014). "Wikimedia hires Maher to fill chief comms role". PRWeek.
  24. ^ Tretikov, Lila (February 25, 2016). "[Wikimedia-l] Thank you for our time together" (Mailing list post). Wikimedia-l. Wikimedia Foundation.
  25. ^ Maher, Katherine (October 29, 2016). . Mozfest 2016. Archived from the original (Video) on August 1, 2019.
  26. ^ "El día que Wikipedia se apagó y decidió dar una batalla política". LA NACION (in Spanish). October 16, 2018. Retrieved March 5, 2021.
  27. ^ a b Toosi, Nahal; Forgey, Quint. "Biden's known unknowns". POLITICO. Retrieved September 27, 2022.
  28. ^ a b "Katherine Maher". Atlantic Council. Retrieved September 27, 2022.
  29. ^ "Innovators: Katherine Maher". The Diplomatic Courier. September 10, 2013.[permanent dead link]
  30. ^ a b c "Katherine Maher". Barnard College, Columbia University.
  31. ^ . Youth for Technology Foundation. Archived from the original on March 13, 2016. Retrieved March 12, 2016.
  32. ^ . Truman National Security Project. Archived from the original on September 26, 2018. Retrieved January 8, 2017.
  33. ^ "Politico Magazine: No, the U.S. Isn't 'Giving Up Control' of the Internet". Truman National Security Project. March 2014.
  34. ^ . Open Technology Fund. Archived from the original on October 13, 2017. Retrieved January 8, 2017.
  35. ^ "People: Katherine Maher". World Economic Forum.
  36. ^ "The Future of Human Rights". World Economic Forum.
  37. ^ OxfordUnion (February 28, 2018). "Katherine Maher - Technology Empires Debate - Proposition (5/6)". Archived from the original on November 18, 2021 – via YouTube.
  38. ^ "Meet the 2019 Class of Young Global Leaders". World Economic Forum.
  39. ^ dmalloy (June 22, 2021). "Former Wikipedia chief on fighting censorship and potentially paying contributors to address diversity gaps". Atlantic Council. Retrieved September 27, 2022.

Further reading

  • Cooper, Chet (October 13, 2020). "Katherine Maher, CEO and Executive Director of Wikimedia Foundation". Ability. Retrieved October 13, 2020.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Katherine Maher.
 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Katherine Maher.

January 13, 2023
katherine, maher, katherine, roberts, maher, ɑːr, born, april, 1983, former, chief, executive, officer, executive, director, wikimedia, foundation, maher, 2016bornkatherine, roberts, maher, 1983, april, 1983, wilton, connecticut, alma, maternew, york, universi. Katherine Roberts Maher m ɑːr 1 born April 18 1983 2 is a former chief executive officer and executive director of the Wikimedia Foundation 3 4 5 Katherine MaherMaher in 2016BornKatherine Roberts Maher 1983 04 18 April 18 1983 age 39 Wilton Connecticut U S Alma materNew York UniversityOccupationBusiness executiveMaher introducing herself source source track track track recorded June 2016 source source source source source source source source source source source source source source track track Maher talking about Wikidata in 2017 A member of the Council on Foreign Relations Maher worked for UNICEF the National Democratic Institute the World Bank and Access Now before joining the Wikimedia Foundation She subsequently joined the Atlantic Council and currently serves on the US Department of State s Foreign Affairs Policy Board Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Career 3 Honors 4 Affiliations 5 Works and publications 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External linksEarly life and education EditMaher grew up in Wilton Connecticut 2 and attended Wilton High School 6 After high school Maher graduated from the Arabic Language Institute s Arabic Language Intensive Program of The American University in Cairo in 2003 which she recalled as a formative experience that instilled a deep love of the Middle East 7 Maher subsequently studied at the Institut francais d etudes arabes de Damas in Syria and spent time in Lebanon and Tunisia 2 8 9 In 2005 Maher received a bachelor s degree from New York University in Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies 10 Maher originally intended to be an academic and work for human rights and international development organizations 11 Career Edit Katherine Maher with giddha dancers at WikiConference India 2016 After internships at the Council on Foreign Relations and Eurasia Group in 2005 Maher began working at HSBC in London Germany and Canada as part of their international manager development program 2 In 2007 Maher returned to New York City where from 2007 to 2010 she worked at UNICEF as an innovation and communication officer 12 She worked to promote the use of technology to improve people s lives and traveled extensively to work on issues related to maternal health HIV AIDS prevention and youth participation in technology 2 One of her first projects at UNICEF involved testing MediaWiki extensions related to accessibility in Ethiopia 13 Another project received USAid Development 2 0 Challenge grant funding to work on the use of mobile phones to monitor nutrition in children in Malawi 12 From 2010 to 2011 Maher worked at the National Democratic Institute as an ICT Program Officer 14 From 2011 to 2013 Maher worked at the World Bank as an ICT innovation specialist and consulted on technology for international development and democratization working on ICT for accountability and governance with a focus on the role of mobile phones and other technologies in facilitating civil society and institutional reform particularly in the Middle East and Africa 15 She co authored a chapter on Making Government Mobile of a World Bank publication titled Information and Communications for Development 2012 Maximizing Mobile 16 In 2012 Maher s Twitter feed on issues related to the Middle East was noted for its coverage of the Arab Spring 17 18 From 2013 to 2014 Maher was advocacy director at the Washington D C based Access Now 19 20 As part of this work she focused on the impact on people of laws about cyber security morality and defamation of the state that increase state censorship and reduce dissent 21 Access was a signatory of the Declaration of Internet Freedom 15 Maher and Jimmy Wales at Wikimania 2017 Maher was chief communications officer of the Wikimedia Foundation from April 2014 to March 2016 19 22 23 She was interviewed by The Washington Post on United States copyright law 24 Maher became interim executive director of the Wikimedia Foundation in March 2016 following the resignation of executive director Lila Tretikov 20 25 and was appointed executive director on June 23 2016 3 19 In 2019 Maher became CEO of Wikimedia 4 She stepped down from her positions as CEO and executive director of the Wikimedia Foundation on April 15 2021 4 5 Maryana Iskander was appointed as her successor Maher states that she focuses on global digital inclusion as a way to improve and protect the rights of people to information through technology 2 26 27 In 2022 Maher joined the US State Department s Foreign Affairs Policy Board an expert panel established in 2011 by then Secretary of State Hillary Clinton to advise US officials 28 29 Honors EditIn 2013 The Diplomatic Courier named her as one of 99 leading foreign policy professionals under age 33 7 30 Affiliations EditAmerican University of Beirut Member of the Board 31 Council on Foreign Relations Member 31 Sunlight Foundation Member of the Board 31 2011 Youth for Technology Foundation Member of the Board 32 2013 Truman National Security Project Policy Fellow National Security Fellow and Research Fellow Democracy amp Human Rights Initiative 33 34 2013 Open Technology Fund Advisory Committee Member 35 2016 World Economic Forum Member Global Network Council on the Future of Human Rights 36 37 2018 Oxford Union on Technology and Empire 38 2019 World Economic Forum Young Global Leader 39 2021 Atlantic Council Democracy amp Tech Initiative Senior Fellow 40 2022 US State Department member of the Foreign Affairs Policy Board 28 29 Works and publications EditMaher Katherine December 2010 Food Fights Nick Cullather s The Hungry World America s Cold War Battle Against Poverty in Asia Bookforum Maher Katherine March 21 2011 SXSW festival takes on board use of technology for social impact The Guardian Maher Katherine August 17 2012 Did the Bounds of Cyber War Just Expand to Banks and Neutral States The Atlantic Raja Siddhartha Melhem Samia Cruse Matthew Goldstein Joshua Maher Katherine Minges Michael Surya Priya August 2012 Chapter 6 Making Government Mobile PDF Information and Communications for Development 2012 Maximizing Mobile Washington DC World Bank pp 87 101 doi 10 1596 9780821389911 ch06 ISBN 978 0 8213 8991 1 OCLC 895048866 Maher Katherine York Jillian C 2013 Origins of the Tunisian Internet In Hussain Muzammil M Howard Philip N eds State Power 2 0 Authoritarian Entrenchment and Political Engagement Worldwide Burlington VT Ashgate Publishing Group ISBN 978 1 4094 5469 4 OCLC 940726016 Maher Katherine February 25 2013 The New Westphalian Web The future of the Internet may lie in the past And that s not a good thing Foreign Policy Archived from the original on March 5 2015 Maher Katherine March 19 2014 No the U S Isn t Giving Up Control of the Internet Politico Archived from the original on August 6 2020 Retrieved March 19 2016 Maher Katherine December 5 2016 The Sum of All Knowledge Video Google Talks Maher Katherine October 4 2017 How Wikipedia Changed The Exchange Of Knowledge And Where It s Going Next Forbes Maher Katherine October 17 2017 Will Wikipedia Exist in 20 Years Video Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society at Harvard University Maher Katherine March 12 2019 Without Humans A I Can Wreak Havoc The New York Times See also EditList of Wikipedia peopleReferences Edit Maher Katherine January 10 2020 Maher rhymes with car and is not a cognate of a female horse a town leader or a military leader You d think the Brits would know this after decades of colonial theory and praxis krmaher Retrieved January 10 2020 a b c d e f Boix Montserrat Sefidari Maria September 3 2016 Maher La Fundacion necesita reflejar la cultura que queremos ver en la comunidad Video Wikimujeres Wikimania Esino Lario 2016 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint location link a b Lorente Patricio Henner Christophe June 24 2016 Foundation Board appoints Katherine Maher as Executive Director Wikimedia Blog a b c Wikimedia Foundation CEO Katherine Maher to Step Down in April 2021 Wikimedia Foundation February 4 2021 Retrieved February 6 2021 a b Wikimedia l Thanks for all the fish Stepping down April 15 wikimedia l mailing list Retrieved February 4 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link More than half of Wilton High makes honor roll PDF Wilton Bulletin May 10 2001 pp 3D a b AUCians Recognized Among Top 99 Foreign Policy Leaders Under 33 The American University in Cairo October 8 2013 Rooney Ben June 28 2012 Web Can Foment Openness as Corrupt Regimes Fall The Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on September 4 2012 Katherine Maher CEO and Executive Director of Wikimedia Foundation ABILITY Magazine October 13 2020 Retrieved October 19 2020 2000s PDF NYU Alumni Magazine No 22 Spring 2014 p 59 Katherine Maher CEO and Executive Director of the Wikimedia Foundation ABILITY Magazine October 13 2020 Retrieved October 19 2020 a b Heather Ann August 2 2009 SXSW 2009 Interview Katherine Maher and Guarav Mishra Video AustinLifestyles com Maher Katherine June 26 2016 Wikimania 2016 Q amp A with the ED of Wikimedia Foundation Katherine Maher Video Wikimania 2016 Wikimania Esino Lario 2016 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint location link Tech in the Egyptian Revolution Video frogdesign Design Mind March 12 2011 a b Curley Nina October 9 2012 Resisting Internet Censorship Katherine Maher of Access at SHARE Beirut Video Wamda Raja Siddhartha Melhem Samia Cruse Matthew Goldstein Joshua Maher Katherine Minges Michael Surya Priya August 2012 Chapter 6 Making Government Mobile Information and Communications for Development 2012 Maximizing Mobile Washington DC World Bank pp 87 101 doi 10 1596 9780821389911 ch06 ISBN 978 0 8213 8991 1 OCLC 895048866 York Jillian April 3 2012 A Seat at the Table A Twitter ful list of women crucial to foreign policy Levo League Archived from the original on September 26 2018 Retrieved January 8 2017 York Jillian C June 20 2012 Introducing the FPwomerati Why didn t Foreign Policy include more women in its Twitterati list Here s a list of 100 female tweeters around the world that everyone should follow Foreign Policy a b c Gardner Sue April 15 2014 Katherine Maher joins the Wikimedia Foundation as Chief Communications Officer Wikimedia Blog a b Lorente Patricio March 16 2016 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees welcomes Katherine Maher as interim Executive Director Wikimedia Blog Fletcher Lisa August 8 2012 Predicting crime online and offline The Stream Al Jazeera English Archived from the original TV show on September 26 2018 Retrieved January 8 2017 Fitzsimmons Michelle January 16 2016 Wikipedia is still disrupting after 15 years TechRadar Bradley Diana May 15 2014 Wikimedia hires Maher to fill chief comms role PRWeek Phillip Abby August 6 2014 If a monkey takes a selfie in the forest who owns the copyright No one says Wikimedia The Washington Post Tretikov Lila February 25 2016 Wikimedia l Thank you for our time together Mailing list post Wikimedia l Wikimedia Foundation Maher Katherine October 29 2016 MozFest Speaker Series Privacy and Harassment on the Internet Mozfest 2016 Archived from the original Video on August 1 2019 El dia que Wikipedia se apago y decidio dar una batalla politica LA NACION in Spanish October 16 2018 Retrieved March 5 2021 a b Toosi Nahal Forgey Quint Biden s known unknowns POLITICO Retrieved September 27 2022 a b Katherine Maher Atlantic Council Retrieved September 27 2022 Innovators Katherine Maher The Diplomatic Courier September 10 2013 permanent dead link a b c Katherine Maher Barnard College Columbia University People Katherine Maher Youth for Technology Foundation Archived from the original on March 13 2016 Retrieved March 12 2016 Team Katherine Maher Truman National Security Project Archived from the original on September 26 2018 Retrieved January 8 2017 Politico Magazine No the U S Isn t Giving Up Control of the Internet Truman National Security Project March 2014 Advisory Council Katherine Maher Open Technology Fund Archived from the original on October 13 2017 Retrieved January 8 2017 People Katherine Maher World Economic Forum The Future of Human Rights World Economic Forum OxfordUnion February 28 2018 Katherine Maher Technology Empires Debate Proposition 5 6 Archived from the original on November 18 2021 via YouTube Meet the 2019 Class of Young Global Leaders World Economic Forum dmalloy June 22 2021 Former Wikipedia chief on fighting censorship and potentially paying contributors to address diversity gaps Atlantic Council Retrieved September 27 2022 Further reading EditCooper Chet October 13 2020 Katherine Maher CEO and Executive Director of Wikimedia Foundation Ability Retrieved October 13 2020 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Katherine Maher Wikiquote has quotations related to Katherine Maher Katherine Maher s Wikipedia user page Katherine WMF on Meta Katherine Maher on Twitter Appearances on C SPAN Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Katherine Maher amp oldid 1131336013, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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