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Access Now

April 06, 2024

Access Now is a non-profit organization founded in 2009 and focused on digital civil rights.[1] The organization issues reports on global Internet censorship, and hosts the annual RightsCon human rights conference.

Access Now
Formation2009
FoundersBrett Solomon, Cameran Ashraf, Sina Rabbani and Kim Pham
Websiteaccessnow.org
RightsCon 2019 conference venue in Tunis.
A room hosting a RightsCon session organized by Access Now in 2019.

History edit

Access Now was established by Brett Solomon, Cameran Ashraf, Sina Rabbani and Kim Pham in 2009, after the contested Iranian presidential election of that year.[2][3] During the protests that followed this election, Access Now disseminated the video footage which came out of Iran.[3] Access Now has campaigned against internet shutdowns,[4] online censorship,[5] international trade agreements,[6] and government surveillance.[7] Access Now has supported the use of encryption[8] and limited cyber security laws and regulations.[9]

Operations edit

As of 2020, Access Now has legal entities in Belgium, Costa Rica, Tunisia, and the United States,[10] with staff, operations, and activities distributed across all regions of the world. Major funders have included Facebook, Global Affairs Canada, the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency.[citation needed]

RightsCon edit

Access Now runs an annual conference, RightsCon, which focuses on issues concerning technology's impact on human rights.[11][12] The conference was first held in Silicon Valley in 2011, followed by events in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2012), Silicon Valley (2014), Manila, Philippines (2015), and Silicon Valley (2016);[13] thus alternated between Silicon Valley and a city in the Global South.[13] After being held in Brussels and Toronto,[14] RightsCon 2019 took place in Tunis, Tunisia (11–14 June).[15] The 2019 RightsCon event gathered activists and stakeholders from all over the globe discussed the intersection between human rights and digitalization by government representatives, tech giants, policymakers, NGOs and independent activists.[16] The discussions were about hate speech and freedom of expression, artificial intelligence, privacy and data security, open government and democracy, access, and many others.[16]

In 2020, RightsCon was to be held in San José, Costa Rica, for the COVID-19 pandemic, so the meeting took place in the online format.[17] In 2021, the 10th edition of RightsCon was again held online from Monday, June 7 to Friday, June 11, 2021 due to the continued global COVID-19 pandemic which altered several digital rights physical meetings.[18][19] The topics for RightsCon2021 included: Artificial Intelligence (AI), automation, data protection and user control, digital futures, democracy, elections, new business models, content control, peacebuilding, censorship, internet shutdowns, freedom of the media and many others were discussed by several digital rights organizations and individuals.[18]

In 2022, the 11th edition of RightsCon was planned to take place entirely online across all time zones from Monday, June 6 to Friday, June 10, 2022.[20][21]

#KeepItOn project edit

Threough its #KeepItOn project, Access Now makes an annual report and data set on internet shutdowns to track internet shutdowns, social media blockages, and internet slowdowns in countries around the world.[22] This report and data are published every spring.[23][24] Access Now fights against online repression, and provides grants and support to grassroots organizations to advance the rights of users and communities at risk of digital violations.[25]

Methodology edit

Access Now gathers data by the Shutdown Tracker Optimization Project (STOP).[23] This project uses remotely sensed data to initially identify shutdowns, blockages and throttling. Instances are confirmed using news reports, reports from local activists, official government statements, and statements from ISPs.[26] Access Now defines Internet shutdowns as "an intentional disruption of the internet or electronic communications rendering them inaccessible or effectively unusable, for a specific population or within a location, often to exert control over the flow of information.".[23] Individual instances are counted if the shutdown lasts longer than one hour.[23]

Access Now's data capture fewer false positives but more false negatives compared to expert analysis of internet shutdowns, such as V-Dem Institute's Digital Society Project, or Freedom House's Freedom on the Net.[27] Access Now's data are more likely to miss shutdowns than captured by other methods.[26]

Impact edit

#KeepItOn data is used to measure shutdowns by a range of organizations and academic publications.[26] The Millennium Challenge Corporation uses these data as a part of its Freedom of Information indicator on its annual scorecards, used for determining aid allocations.[28] Access Now's reports are also used in calculating the total cost of internet shutdowns.[29][30] Other articles use these data to track trends in internet censorship in various countries and regions.[31][32][33]

Digital Security Helpline edit

The organization offers a 24/7 Helpline to advise victims of cyber-crime such as cyber-attacks, spyware campaigns, data theft, and other digital malfeasance, to protect citizens from digital attacks.[34][35] Starting in 2009, it has offered support and direct technical advice to activists, journalists, and other human rights campaigners[34] who are in need of digital security support, those facing cyber threats and attacks and those in need urgent support.[25] The Digital Security Helpline was officially launched in 2013.[34] Services include digital security guidance on topics such as how to protect against data and credential theft, and preventing targeted cyberattacks.[34][35]

The Helpline has been credited with helping to build people-first digital infrastructures, and one content moderation request at a time.[36] Supporters claim that the helpline provides lessons on how to build comprehensive and sustainable digital infrastructures while protecting the digital rights of the people they serve, including CSOs, activists, and human rights defenders.[36]

Access Now's methods of using in-country volunteers to identify attacks from their own governments have been criticized as unethical due to the risk of government retribution for those reporting via the helpline and other methods.[37][38][39][40] Others have proposed automated systems to more ethically track these disruptions.[citation needed]

References edit

  1. ^ "Access Now | Digital Watch". dig.watch. from the original on 2021-05-17. Retrieved 2021-05-17.
  2. ^ https://www.wired.com/beyond-the-beyond/2016/04/latest-edri-gram-2/
  3. ^ a b "#iranelection: The digital media response to the 2009 Iranian election". from the original on 2016-08-28. Retrieved 2013-05-18.
  4. ^ Farrell, Paul (27 May 2015). "Human rights groups condemn Nauru's criminalisation of political protest". the Guardian. from the original on 2015-09-10. Retrieved 2015-09-21.
  5. ^ "Blog | Access". www.accessnow.org. 28 August 2015. from the original on 2015-10-02. Retrieved 2015-09-21.
  6. ^ "Blog | Access". www.accessnow.org. 28 June 2015. from the original on 2015-09-10. Retrieved 2015-09-21.
  7. ^ Solomon, Brett (2016-05-11). "This Arcane Rule Change Would Give U.S. Law Enforcement New Power to Hack People Worldwide". Slate. ISSN 1091-2339. from the original on 2016-11-05. Retrieved 2016-06-24.
  8. ^ . encryptallthethings.net. Archived from the original on 2015-09-27. Retrieved 2015-09-21.
  9. ^ "What Congress Can Do About Cybersecurity If CISA Fails". from the original on 2015-10-20. Retrieved 2015-09-21.
  10. ^ Access Now is a 501(c)(3) organization in the US, as documented in its 2019 2022-05-07 at the Wayback Machine IRS form 990.
  11. ^ https://www.wired.com/story/internet-reality-north-korea/
  12. ^ "Access Now". Access Now. from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2021-05-22.
  13. ^ a b . rightscon.org. Archived from the original on 2015-09-12. Retrieved 2015-09-21.
  14. ^ Welch, Chris (2018-03-23). "Sonos is pulling its ads off Facebook and Instagram, but only for a week". The Verge. from the original on 2021-06-04. Retrieved 2021-06-04.
  15. ^ Wekwete, Ory Okolloh, Sharon (12 June 2019). "As the continent digitizes rapidly, Africans need a bill of data rights to protect them online". Quartz. from the original on 2021-06-04. Retrieved 2021-06-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ a b "Human Rights Work in Africa: From Digitization in Uganda to #RightsCon 2019 in Tunisia - betterplace-lab". en. from the original on 2021-06-04. Retrieved 2021-06-04.
  17. ^ "Home - RightsCon Summit Series". RightsCon Summit Series. from the original on 2019-06-16. Retrieved 2019-06-16.
  18. ^ a b "RightsCon 2021 | Digital Watch". dig.watch. from the original on 2021-06-04. Retrieved 2021-06-04.
  19. ^ "RIGHTSCON – WORLD'S LEADING SUMMIT ON HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE DIGITAL AGE". [BETA] Global Forum for Media Development (GFMD). from the original on 2021-06-04. Retrieved 2021-06-04.
  20. ^ "RightsCon - Experience". RightsCon Summit Series. from the original on 2017-01-25. Retrieved 2022-04-03.
  21. ^ "Nica.team - Registration for the 11th edition of RightsCon is now open". University Ranking. from the original on 2022-02-17. Retrieved 2022-04-03.
  22. ^ Taye, Berhan (2021). "SHATTERED DREAMS AND LOST OPPORTUNITIES A year in the fight to #KeepItOn" (PDF). Access Now. (PDF) from the original on 2021-06-02. Retrieved 2021-05-26.
  23. ^ a b c d Anthonio, Felicia; Cheng, Sage (2021). "Shutdown Tracker Optimization Project (STOP) Methodology" (PDF). (PDF) from the original on 2023-01-17. Retrieved 2021-05-26.
  24. ^ "Mapping internet shutdowns around the world". www.aljazeera.com. from the original on 2021-06-04. Retrieved 2021-06-04.
  25. ^ a b Dazed (2021-10-22). "Access Now: how to defend human rights in the digital age". Dazed. from the original on 2021-11-28. Retrieved 2022-04-03.
  26. ^ a b c Fletcher, Terry; Hayes-Birchler, Andria (2020). "Comparing Measures of Internet Censorship: Analyzing the Tradeoffs between Expert Analysis and Remote Measurement". Presented at the Data for Policy Conference 2020. doi:10.5281/zenodo.3967398. S2CID 244992072 – via Zenodo.
  27. ^ Fletcher, Terry; Hayes-Birchler, Andria (2020). "Comparing Measures of Internet Censorship: Analyzing the Tradeoffs between Expert Analysis and Remote Measurement". Presented at the Data for Policy Conference 2020. doi:10.5281/zenodo.3967398. S2CID 244992072 – via Zenodo.
  28. ^ "Guide to the MCC Indicators for Fiscal Year 2021". Millennium Challenge Corporation. from the original on 2021-05-26. Retrieved 2021-05-26.
  29. ^ Kathuria, Rajat; Kedia, Mansi; Varma, Gangesh; Bagchi, Kaushambi; Sekhani, Richa (2018-04-30). "The Anatomy of an Internet Blackout: Measuring the Economic Impact of Internet Shutdowns in India". Think Asia. from the original on 2021-05-26. Retrieved 2021-05-26.
  30. ^ West, Darrell (2016). "Internet shutdowns cost countries $2.4 billion last year" (PDF). Brookings Center for Technology Innovation. (PDF) from the original on 2021-05-26. Retrieved 2021-05-26.
  31. ^ Wagner, Benjamin (2018). "Understanding Internet Shutdowns: A Case Study from Pakistan". International Journal of Communication. 12 (1): 3917–3938. ISSN 1932-8036. from the original on 2021-05-26. Retrieved 2021-05-26.
  32. ^ Freyburg, Tina; Garbe, Lisa (2018). "Blocking the Bottleneck: Internet Shutdowns and Ownership at Election Times in Sub-Saharan Africa". International Journal of Communication (in German). 12: 3896–3916. ISSN 1932-8036. from the original on 2021-06-01. Retrieved 2021-05-26.
  33. ^ C, Siddhant (2019-11-07). "Exploring Possible Solutions to Curb Internet Shutdowns in India". SSRN. Rochester, NY. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3644879. SSRN 3644879.
  34. ^ a b c d "The cybersecurity helpline protecting citizens from digital attacks". The Daily Swig | Cybersecurity news and views. 2019-04-18. from the original on 2021-06-04. Retrieved 2021-06-04.
  35. ^ a b "Digital Security Helpline". Access Now. from the original on 2021-06-07. Retrieved 2021-06-07.
  36. ^ a b "Facing the Challenge of an Evolving Digital Civil Space". Digital Impact. 2020-05-14. from the original on 2021-06-04. Retrieved 2021-06-04.
  37. ^ VanderSloot, B., McDonald, A., Scott, W., Halderman, J.A., & Ensafi, R. (2018). Quack: Scalable Remote Measurement of Application-Layer Censorship. In Proceedings of the 27th USENIX Security Symposium.
  38. ^ Hoang, P. N., Doreen, S., Polychronakis, M., (2019). Measuring I2P Censorship at a Global Scale. In Proceedings of the 9th USENIX Workshop on Free and Open Communications on the Internet.
  39. ^ Raman, R. S., Stoll, A., Dalek, J., Ramesh, R. Scott, W., & Ensafi, R. (2020). Measuring the Deployment of Network Censorship Filters at Global Scale. Network and Distributed System Security (NDSS) Symposium 2020.
  40. ^ Weinberg, Zachary (2018). "Toward Automated Worldwide Monitoring of Network-level Censorship". Carnegie Mellon University.

April 06, 2024
access, profit, organization, founded, 2009, focused, digital, civil, rights, organization, issues, reports, global, internet, censorship, hosts, annual, rightscon, human, rights, conference, formation2009foundersbrett, solomon, cameran, ashraf, sina, rabbani,. Access Now is a non profit organization founded in 2009 and focused on digital civil rights 1 The organization issues reports on global Internet censorship and hosts the annual RightsCon human rights conference Access NowFormation2009FoundersBrett Solomon Cameran Ashraf Sina Rabbani and Kim PhamWebsiteaccessnow orgRightsCon 2019 conference venue in Tunis A room hosting a RightsCon session organized by Access Now in 2019 Contents 1 History 2 Operations 2 1 RightsCon 2 2 KeepItOn project 2 2 1 Methodology 2 2 2 Impact 2 2 3 Digital Security Helpline 3 ReferencesHistory editAccess Now was established by Brett Solomon Cameran Ashraf Sina Rabbani and Kim Pham in 2009 after the contested Iranian presidential election of that year 2 3 During the protests that followed this election Access Now disseminated the video footage which came out of Iran 3 Access Now has campaigned against internet shutdowns 4 online censorship 5 international trade agreements 6 and government surveillance 7 Access Now has supported the use of encryption 8 and limited cyber security laws and regulations 9 Operations editAs of 2020 update Access Now has legal entities in Belgium Costa Rica Tunisia and the United States 10 with staff operations and activities distributed across all regions of the world Major funders have included Facebook Global Affairs Canada the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency citation needed RightsCon edit Access Now runs an annual conference RightsCon which focuses on issues concerning technology s impact on human rights 11 12 The conference was first held in Silicon Valley in 2011 followed by events in Rio de Janeiro Brazil 2012 Silicon Valley 2014 Manila Philippines 2015 and Silicon Valley 2016 13 thus alternated between Silicon Valley and a city in the Global South 13 After being held in Brussels and Toronto 14 RightsCon 2019 took place in Tunis Tunisia 11 14 June 15 The 2019 RightsCon event gathered activists and stakeholders from all over the globe discussed the intersection between human rights and digitalization by government representatives tech giants policymakers NGOs and independent activists 16 The discussions were about hate speech and freedom of expression artificial intelligence privacy and data security open government and democracy access and many others 16 In 2020 RightsCon was to be held in San Jose Costa Rica for the COVID 19 pandemic so the meeting took place in the online format 17 In 2021 the 10th edition of RightsCon was again held online from Monday June 7 to Friday June 11 2021 due to the continued global COVID 19 pandemic which altered several digital rights physical meetings 18 19 The topics for RightsCon2021 included Artificial Intelligence AI automation data protection and user control digital futures democracy elections new business models content control peacebuilding censorship internet shutdowns freedom of the media and many others were discussed by several digital rights organizations and individuals 18 In 2022 the 11th edition of RightsCon was planned to take place entirely online across all time zones from Monday June 6 to Friday June 10 2022 20 21 KeepItOn project edit Threough its KeepItOn project Access Now makes an annual report and data set on internet shutdowns to track internet shutdowns social media blockages and internet slowdowns in countries around the world 22 This report and data are published every spring 23 24 Access Now fights against online repression and provides grants and support to grassroots organizations to advance the rights of users and communities at risk of digital violations 25 Methodology edit Access Now gathers data by the Shutdown Tracker Optimization Project STOP 23 This project uses remotely sensed data to initially identify shutdowns blockages and throttling Instances are confirmed using news reports reports from local activists official government statements and statements from ISPs 26 Access Now defines Internet shutdowns as an intentional disruption of the internet or electronic communications rendering them inaccessible or effectively unusable for a specific population or within a location often to exert control over the flow of information 23 Individual instances are counted if the shutdown lasts longer than one hour 23 Access Now s data capture fewer false positives but more false negatives compared to expert analysis of internet shutdowns such as V Dem Institute s Digital Society Project or Freedom House s Freedom on the Net 27 Access Now s data are more likely to miss shutdowns than captured by other methods 26 Impact edit KeepItOn data is used to measure shutdowns by a range of organizations and academic publications 26 The Millennium Challenge Corporation uses these data as a part of its Freedom of Information indicator on its annual scorecards used for determining aid allocations 28 Access Now s reports are also used in calculating the total cost of internet shutdowns 29 30 Other articles use these data to track trends in internet censorship in various countries and regions 31 32 33 Digital Security Helpline edit The organization offers a 24 7 Helpline to advise victims of cyber crime such as cyber attacks spyware campaigns data theft and other digital malfeasance to protect citizens from digital attacks 34 35 Starting in 2009 it has offered support and direct technical advice to activists journalists and other human rights campaigners 34 who are in need of digital security support those facing cyber threats and attacks and those in need urgent support 25 The Digital Security Helpline was officially launched in 2013 34 Services include digital security guidance on topics such as how to protect against data and credential theft and preventing targeted cyberattacks 34 35 The Helpline has been credited with helping to build people first digital infrastructures and one content moderation request at a time 36 Supporters claim that the helpline provides lessons on how to build comprehensive and sustainable digital infrastructures while protecting the digital rights of the people they serve including CSOs activists and human rights defenders 36 Access Now s methods of using in country volunteers to identify attacks from their own governments have been criticized as unethical due to the risk of government retribution for those reporting via the helpline and other methods 37 38 39 40 Others have proposed automated systems to more ethically track these disruptions citation needed References edit Access Now Digital Watch dig watch Archived from the original on 2021 05 17 Retrieved 2021 05 17 https www wired com beyond the beyond 2016 04 latest edri gram 2 a b iranelection The digital media response to the 2009 Iranian election Archived from the original on 2016 08 28 Retrieved 2013 05 18 Farrell Paul 27 May 2015 Human rights groups condemn Nauru s criminalisation of political protest the Guardian Archived from the original on 2015 09 10 Retrieved 2015 09 21 Blog Access www accessnow org 28 August 2015 Archived from the original on 2015 10 02 Retrieved 2015 09 21 Blog Access www accessnow org 28 June 2015 Archived from the original on 2015 09 10 Retrieved 2015 09 21 Solomon Brett 2016 05 11 This Arcane Rule Change Would Give U S Law Enforcement New Power to Hack People Worldwide Slate ISSN 1091 2339 Archived from the original on 2016 11 05 Retrieved 2016 06 24 Encrypt All The Things encryptallthethings net Archived from the original on 2015 09 27 Retrieved 2015 09 21 What Congress Can Do About Cybersecurity If CISA Fails Archived from the original on 2015 10 20 Retrieved 2015 09 21 Access Now is a 501 c 3 organization in the US as documented in its 2019 Archived 2022 05 07 at the Wayback Machine IRS form 990 https www wired com story internet reality north korea Access Now Access Now Archived from the original on 2011 07 18 Retrieved 2021 05 22 a b RightsCon Summit Series rightscon org Archived from the original on 2015 09 12 Retrieved 2015 09 21 Welch Chris 2018 03 23 Sonos is pulling its ads off Facebook and Instagram but only for a week The Verge Archived from the original on 2021 06 04 Retrieved 2021 06 04 Wekwete Ory Okolloh Sharon 12 June 2019 As the continent digitizes rapidly Africans need a bill of data rights to protect them online Quartz Archived from the original on 2021 06 04 Retrieved 2021 06 04 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link a b Human Rights Work in Africa From Digitization in Uganda to RightsCon 2019 in Tunisia betterplace lab en Archived from the original on 2021 06 04 Retrieved 2021 06 04 Home RightsCon Summit Series RightsCon Summit Series Archived from the original on 2019 06 16 Retrieved 2019 06 16 a b RightsCon 2021 Digital Watch dig watch Archived from the original on 2021 06 04 Retrieved 2021 06 04 RIGHTSCON WORLD S LEADING SUMMIT ON HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE DIGITAL AGE BETA Global Forum for Media Development GFMD Archived from the original on 2021 06 04 Retrieved 2021 06 04 RightsCon Experience RightsCon Summit Series Archived from the original on 2017 01 25 Retrieved 2022 04 03 Nica team Registration for the 11th edition of RightsCon is now open University Ranking Archived from the original on 2022 02 17 Retrieved 2022 04 03 Taye Berhan 2021 SHATTERED DREAMS AND LOST OPPORTUNITIES A year in the fight to KeepItOn PDF Access Now Archived PDF from the original on 2021 06 02 Retrieved 2021 05 26 a b c d Anthonio Felicia Cheng Sage 2021 Shutdown Tracker Optimization Project STOP Methodology PDF Archived PDF from the original on 2023 01 17 Retrieved 2021 05 26 Mapping internet shutdowns around the world www aljazeera com Archived from the original on 2021 06 04 Retrieved 2021 06 04 a b Dazed 2021 10 22 Access Now how to defend human rights in the digital age Dazed Archived from the original on 2021 11 28 Retrieved 2022 04 03 a b c Fletcher Terry Hayes Birchler Andria 2020 Comparing Measures of Internet Censorship Analyzing the Tradeoffs between Expert Analysis and Remote Measurement Presented at the Data for Policy Conference 2020 doi 10 5281 zenodo 3967398 S2CID 244992072 via Zenodo Fletcher Terry Hayes Birchler Andria 2020 Comparing Measures of Internet Censorship Analyzing the Tradeoffs between Expert Analysis and Remote Measurement Presented at the Data for Policy Conference 2020 doi 10 5281 zenodo 3967398 S2CID 244992072 via Zenodo Guide to the MCC Indicators for Fiscal Year 2021 Millennium Challenge Corporation Archived from the original on 2021 05 26 Retrieved 2021 05 26 Kathuria Rajat Kedia Mansi Varma Gangesh Bagchi Kaushambi Sekhani Richa 2018 04 30 The Anatomy of an Internet Blackout Measuring the Economic Impact of Internet Shutdowns in India Think Asia Archived from the original on 2021 05 26 Retrieved 2021 05 26 West Darrell 2016 Internet shutdowns cost countries 2 4 billion last year PDF Brookings Center for Technology Innovation Archived PDF from the original on 2021 05 26 Retrieved 2021 05 26 Wagner Benjamin 2018 Understanding Internet Shutdowns A Case Study from Pakistan International Journal of Communication 12 1 3917 3938 ISSN 1932 8036 Archived from the original on 2021 05 26 Retrieved 2021 05 26 Freyburg Tina Garbe Lisa 2018 Blocking the Bottleneck Internet Shutdowns and Ownership at Election Times in Sub Saharan Africa International Journal of Communication in German 12 3896 3916 ISSN 1932 8036 Archived from the original on 2021 06 01 Retrieved 2021 05 26 C Siddhant 2019 11 07 Exploring Possible Solutions to Curb Internet Shutdowns in India SSRN Rochester NY doi 10 2139 ssrn 3644879 SSRN 3644879 a b c d The cybersecurity helpline protecting citizens from digital attacks The Daily Swig Cybersecurity news and views 2019 04 18 Archived from the original on 2021 06 04 Retrieved 2021 06 04 a b Digital Security Helpline Access Now Archived from the original on 2021 06 07 Retrieved 2021 06 07 a b Facing the Challenge of an Evolving Digital Civil Space Digital Impact 2020 05 14 Archived from the original on 2021 06 04 Retrieved 2021 06 04 VanderSloot B McDonald A Scott W Halderman J A amp Ensafi R 2018 Quack Scalable Remote Measurement of Application Layer Censorship In Proceedings of the 27th USENIX Security Symposium Hoang P N Doreen S Polychronakis M 2019 Measuring I2P Censorship at a Global Scale In Proceedings of the 9th USENIX Workshop on Free and Open Communications on the Internet Raman R S Stoll A Dalek J Ramesh R Scott W amp Ensafi R 2020 Measuring the Deployment of Network Censorship Filters at Global Scale Network and Distributed System Security NDSS Symposium 2020 Weinberg Zachary 2018 Toward Automated Worldwide Monitoring of Network level Censorship Carnegie Mellon University Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Access Now amp oldid 1205562063, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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