Kappe Arabhatta (Kannada: ಕಪ್ಪೆ ಅರಭಟ್ಟ) was a Chalukya warrior[1] of the 8th century who is known from a Kannada verse inscription, dated to c. 700 CE, and carved on a cliff overlooking the northeast end of the artificial lake in Badami, Karnataka, India. The inscription consists of five stanzas written out in ten lines in the Kannada script. Stanza 2 (Lines 3 and 4) consists of a Sanskritśloka.[2] Of the remaining stanzas, all except the first are in the tripadi,[3] a Kannada verse metre.[4]
inscription consists of five stanzas written out in ten lines
1880s photograph of cliff overlooking the Bhutanatha temple on the eastern end of the artificial lake in Badami. The Kappe Arabhatta inscription is carved on a cliff overlooking the northeast end.
Stanza 3 (lines 5 and 6), which consists of twelve words of which nine are Sanskrit loan-words in Kannada,[5] is well known in a condensed version,[6] and is sometimes cited as the earliest example of the tripadi metre in Kannada.[7] However, neither stanza 3 nor stanza 4 strictly conform to the precise rules of the tripadi metre; they each have more than 18 moras in line two, in excess of the allowed 17.[4]
According to Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency 1884, p. 558, the Kappe Arabhatta inscription overlooks the artificial lake (on the south-east corner) of Badami town, and:
Cut on the cliff, ten or twelve feet from the ground, on the north-west of the hamlet of Tattukoti, on the north-east corner of the lake, is an undated inscription of the sixth or seventh century. The way to the cliff is on the left going up from the reservoir by the rear or east ascent to the Bavanbande-kote or north fort and about half-way up to the shrine of Tattukoti Maruti. The writing covers a space of 3 feet 4½ inches high by 2 feet 10⅓ inches broad. The meaning is not clear, but it seems a record of Kappe Arabhatta, a saint of local fame. Below the inscription and covering a space of about 3 feet 7 inches is cut a round band with a floral device apparently a ten-leaved lotus inside it, and with what seems to be a fillet, with a ribbon crossed in a double loop, handing from it.
Kappe Arabhatta inscription textedit
The 7th century Kappe Arabhatta inscription
The following is the text of the five lines written out in ten lines in the inscription.[8] The meanings of the words are provided in the footnotes below the text. Lines 3 and 4 consist of a Sanskrit sloka, and is not translated. Here | denotes the end of each line of the tripadimetre and || , the end of the stanza:
1a "Kappe," Kannada, "a frog; that which hops" and has cognates in related languages: Telugu "kappa - a frog;" Tulu "kappe - a frog, probably from 'kuppu' - to hop, or 'kappu' - to cover;"[9]1b "Ara" and "bhaṭṭa" are both Prakrit words: the former means "virtue," the latter, itself derives from Sanskrit "bhartā."[9]1cŚiṣṭajana priyan: Beloved of the good people. Sanskrit. priya,[10] 2akaṣṭajanavarjitan: avoided by evil people, adj. s. m. sg. nom. qualifying Kappe-Arabhattan. Sanskrit. kaṣṭa, jana, varjita;[11]2bkaliyugaviparita: an exceptional man in the kaliyuga. Sanskrit, viparita adj. s. m. sg. nom qualifying Kappe-Arabhattan;[12] 5asadhuge: to the good people. Sanskrit sadhu, s. n.;[13]5bsadhu: Good, kind, person. Sanskrit. s. m.;[13]5cmadhuryamge: to the sweet. s. m. sg. dat Sanskrit. madhurya-;[14]5dmadhuryam: sweetness. s. m. sg. nom. Sanskrit;[14]5ebādhippa: causing distress, fut. p. of badhisu - to cause distress, from Sanskrit bādh - to harass.[15] 6akalige: to the kali age. s. m. sg. dat. Sanskrit . kali-; kali - hero.;[12]6b: Madhavan: Visnu, Sanskrit. Madhava - s. m. sg. nom.;[14]6c: ītan: this man, dem. pron. m. Telugu: ītadu - probably i + tān - this self (speaker) or ī + tan - this of mine;[16]6d: peran: another. From pera - outer place; the outside. MK hera; NK hora; Tamil: piran - a stranger; Malayalam: piran - another; Telugu: pera - another;[17]6ealla: is not, neg. pr. of intr. al (to be fit); Tamil al, alla-: no, not; Malayalam alla: no, not.[18] 7aoḷḷitta: what is good (adj. s. n.); 7bkeyvōr: those who do; 7cār: who (inter. pron.); 7d polladum: The evil also. adj. s. n. sg. nom. + um (NK holladu, hole)—Tamil: pol—to agree with, negative of this is pollā. Tamil: pollā, pollāda: bad, vicious (neg. of pon: to shine), Malayalam: pollā - to be bad, evil; pollu - hollow, vain, useless; Telugu: pollu - useless; Tulu: polle - slander, backbiting.[19]7eadaramte - like that (adv.) (adara stem. pron.) amte: adv. p. of an: to speak.;[20]7fballittu: Strong adj. s. n.; 8a: purākṛtam: the ancient karma (Fleet); the deeds done in the past. Sanskrit ;[21]8billi: here.[22]8c: samdhikkum: 8dadu - it (pron);[23]8ebamdu - having come (adv. pp. of bar - to come. Tamil vandu; Malayalam vandu; Telugu vacci; 9akaṭṭida - bound pp. of kattu - to bind; Tamil: kaṭṭu, Malayalam: kaṭṭu; Tulu: kaṭṭu - to bind; 9bsimghaman The lion. Sanskrit. simgha-, s. n. sg.; 9ckeṭṭodē: harmful thing; 9den what (intl pron.) 9ebiṭṭavōl: in the same way as releasing. adj.; 10aahitarkkaḷ: the enemies (Sanskrit. ahita- ); 10bkeṭṭar : were ruined; 10cmēṇ: and (conjunction, Middle Kannada (MK) mēṇ and mēṇu: what is above, from mēl: above. Malayalam: mēṇ: what is above; superiority; menavan—a superior śudra (modern Malayalam mēnon), replaced by mattu in Modern Kannada. 10dsattar: died; past pl. of sā - to die. Tamil cā - to die, past. Sattān. Malayalam cā - to die; Telugu - caccu - to die; pp. caccina. Tulu sāy, sāi - to die, pp. satta-;[24]10eavicāram: without foresight. (Fleet translates as "without doubt.") Sanskrit. avicāra.[25]
Literal translationedit
1 Kappe1a Arabhata,1b beloved of the good people1c 2 avoided by evil people,2a an exceptional man in Kaliyuga2b 5 To the good people,5a good;5b to the sweet,5c sweetness;5d | causing distress5e 6 to the kali age,6a an exceptional man in Kaliyuga,2b | Madhava (or Vishnu),6b this man6c another6d is not6e || 7 What is good7a those who do7b who7c the evil7d like that7e | strong7f 8 exception to (or opposite)2b the ancient karma8a | here8bsamdhikkum8c it8d having come8e || 9 Bound9a the lion9b harmful thing9c what9d | in the same way as releasing9e (Translated in (Narasimhia 1941, p. 242), "In the same way as releasing the bound lion, saying 'What is the harm to us?'") 10 exception to or opposite2b the enemies10a | were ruined10b and10c died10d without foresight (or without doubt)10e || (Note: 10c, 10d, and 10e are translated in (Narasimhia 1941, p. 239) as "And they died undoubtedly (for want of foresight)")
Popular version of Stanza 3 in Kannada scriptedit
A condensed version of Stanza 3 seems to be well known, both in the Kannada script:
Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Volume XXIII (1884), Bijapur, Bombay: Government Central Press. Pp. 694
Narasimhia, A. N. (1941), A Grammar of the Oldest Kanarese Inscriptions (including a study of the Sanskrit and Prakrit loan words, Originally published: Mysore: University of Mysore. Pp. 375. Reprinted in 2007: Read Books. Pp. 416, ISBN1-4067-6568-6
Kamath, Suryanath U. (2001), A Concise History of Karnataka from pre-historic times to the present, Bangalore: Jupiter books, MCC (Reprinted 2002)
External linksedit
"History of Kannada Literature, Dr. Jyotsna Kamat". Retrieved 12 November 2006.
October 30, 2023
kappe, arabhatta, kannada, ಕಪ, ಅರಭಟ, chalukya, warrior, century, known, from, kannada, verse, inscription, dated, carved, cliff, overlooking, northeast, artificial, lake, badami, karnataka, india, inscription, consists, five, stanzas, written, lines, kannada, . Kappe Arabhatta Kannada ಕಪ ಪ ಅರಭಟ ಟ was a Chalukya warrior 1 of the 8th century who is known from a Kannada verse inscription dated to c 700 CE and carved on a cliff overlooking the northeast end of the artificial lake in Badami Karnataka India The inscription consists of five stanzas written out in ten lines in the Kannada script Stanza 2 Lines 3 and 4 consists of a Sanskrit sloka 2 Of the remaining stanzas all except the first are in the tripadi 3 a Kannada verse metre 4 Kappe ArabhattaLocationBadami Karnataka IndiaArchitectural style s inscription consists of five stanzas written out in ten lines1880s photograph of cliff overlooking the Bhutanatha temple on the eastern end of the artificial lake in Badami The Kappe Arabhatta inscription is carved on a cliff overlooking the northeast end Stanza 3 lines 5 and 6 which consists of twelve words of which nine are Sanskrit loan words in Kannada 5 is well known in a condensed version 6 and is sometimes cited as the earliest example of the tripadi metre in Kannada 7 However neither stanza 3 nor stanza 4 strictly conform to the precise rules of the tripadi metre they each have more than 18 moras in line two in excess of the allowed 17 4 Contents 1 Location 2 Kappe Arabhatta inscription text 3 Dictionary for Translation of inscription 4 Literal translation 5 Popular version of Stanza 3 in Kannada script 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 External linksLocation editAccording to Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency 1884 p 558 the Kappe Arabhatta inscription overlooks the artificial lake on the south east corner of Badami town and Cut on the cliff ten or twelve feet from the ground on the north west of the hamlet of Tattukoti on the north east corner of the lake is an undated inscription of the sixth or seventh century The way to the cliff is on the left going up from the reservoir by the rear or east ascent to the Bavanbande kote or north fort and about half way up to the shrine of Tattukoti Maruti The writing covers a space of 3 feet 4 inches high by 2 feet 10 inches broad The meaning is not clear but it seems a record of Kappe Arabhatta a saint of local fame Below the inscription and covering a space of about 3 feet 7 inches is cut a round band with a floral device apparently a ten leaved lotus inside it and with what seems to be a fillet with a ribbon crossed in a double loop handing from it Kappe Arabhatta inscription text edit nbsp The 7th century Kappe Arabhatta inscriptionThe following is the text of the five lines written out in ten lines in the inscription 8 The meanings of the words are provided in the footnotes below the text Lines 3 and 4 consist of a Sanskrit sloka and is not translated Here denotes the end of each line of the tripadi metre and the end of the stanza c 700 A D Taṭṭukoṭi Inscription I A X 61 1 Kannada Kappe1a Arabhaṭṭan1b Siṣṭajana1c priyan1c 2 kaṣṭajanavarjitan2a kaliyugaviparitan2b 3 Sanskrit sloka varan tejasvino mṛittyur na tu manavakhaṇḍanam 4 Mṛttyus tatkṣaṇikō duḥkham manabhamgam dinedine Tripadi 5 Kannada Sadhuge5a Sadhu5b madhuryange5c madhuryam5d badhippa5e 6 kalige6a kaliyuga2b viparitan2b madhavan6b itan6c peran6d alla6e Tripadi Kannada 7 oḷḷitta7a keyvōr7b ar7c polladum7d adaramte7e ballittu7f kalige6a 8 viparita2b purakṛtam8a illi8b samdhikkum8c adu8d bamdu8e Tripadi Kannada 9 kaṭṭida9a Simghaman9b keṭṭodenemag9c emdu9d biṭṭavōl9e kalige6a vi 10 paritamg2b ahitarkkaḷ10a keṭṭar10b meṇ10c Sattar10d avicaram10e Dictionary for Translation of inscription edit1a Kappe Kannada a frog that which hops and has cognates in related languages Telugu kappa a frog Tulu kappe a frog probably from kuppu to hop or kappu to cover 9 1b Ara and bhaṭṭa are both Prakrit words the former means virtue the latter itself derives from Sanskrit bharta 9 1c Siṣṭajana priyan Beloved of the good people Sanskrit priya 10 2a kaṣṭajanavarjitan avoided by evil people adj s m sg nom qualifying Kappe Arabhattan Sanskrit kaṣṭa jana varjita 11 2b kaliyugaviparita an exceptional man in the kaliyuga Sanskrit viparita adj s m sg nom qualifying Kappe Arabhattan 12 5a sadhuge to the good people Sanskrit sadhu s n 13 5b sadhu Good kind person Sanskrit s m 13 5c madhuryamge to the sweet s m sg dat Sanskrit madhurya 14 5d madhuryam sweetness s m sg nom Sanskrit 14 5e badhippa causing distress fut p of badhisu to cause distress from Sanskrit badh to harass 15 6a kalige to the kali age s m sg dat Sanskrit kali kali hero 12 6b Madhavan Visnu Sanskrit Madhava s m sg nom 14 6c itan this man dem pron m Telugu itadu probably i tan this self speaker or i tan this of mine 16 6d peran another From pera outer place the outside MK hera NK hora Tamil piran a stranger Malayalam piran another Telugu pera another 17 6e alla is not neg pr of intr al to be fit Tamil al alla no not Malayalam alla no not 18 7a oḷḷitta what is good adj s n 7b keyvōr those who do 7c ar who inter pron 7d polladum The evil also adj s n sg nom um NK holladu hole Tamil pol to agree with negative of this is polla Tamil polla pollada bad vicious neg of pon to shine Malayalam polla to be bad evil pollu hollow vain useless Telugu pollu useless Tulu polle slander backbiting 19 7e adaramte like that adv adara stem pron amte adv p of an to speak 20 7f ballittu Strong adj s n 8a purakṛtam the ancient karma Fleet the deeds done in the past Sanskrit 21 8b illi here 22 8c samdhikkum 8d adu it pron 23 8e bamdu having come adv pp of bar to come Tamil vandu Malayalam vandu Telugu vacci 9a kaṭṭida bound pp of kattu to bind Tamil kaṭṭu Malayalam kaṭṭu Tulu kaṭṭu to bind 9b simghaman The lion Sanskrit simgha s n sg 9c keṭṭode harmful thing 9d en what intl pron 9e biṭṭavōl in the same way as releasing adj 10a ahitarkkaḷ the enemies Sanskrit ahita 10b keṭṭar were ruined 10c meṇ and conjunction Middle Kannada MK meṇ and meṇu what is above from mel above Malayalam meṇ what is above superiority menavan a superior sudra modern Malayalam menon replaced by mattu in Modern Kannada 10d sattar died past pl of sa to die Tamil ca to die past Sattan Malayalam ca to die Telugu caccu to die pp caccina Tulu say sai to die pp satta 24 10e avicaram without foresight Fleet translates as without doubt Sanskrit avicara 25 Literal translation edit1 Kappe1a Arabhata 1b beloved of the good people1c2 avoided by evil people 2a an exceptional man in Kaliyuga2b 5 To the good people 5a good 5b to the sweet 5c sweetness 5d causing distress5e 6 to the kali age 6a an exceptional man in Kaliyuga 2b Madhava or Vishnu 6b this man6c another6d is not6e 7 What is good7a those who do7b who7c the evil7d like that7e strong7f 8 exception to or opposite 2b the ancient karma8a here8b samdhikkum8c it8d having come8e 9 Bound9a the lion9b harmful thing9c what9d in the same way as releasing9e Translated in Narasimhia 1941 p 242 In the same way as releasing the bound lion saying What is the harm to us 10 exception to or opposite2b the enemies10a were ruined10b and10c died10d without foresight or without doubt 10e Note 10c 10d and 10e are translated in Narasimhia 1941 p 239 as And they died undoubtedly for want of foresight Popular version of Stanza 3 in Kannada script editA condensed version of Stanza 3 seems to be well known both in the Kannada script Kannada ಸ ಧ ಗ ಸ ಧ ಮ ಧ ರ ಯ ಗ ಮ ಧ ರ ಯ ಬ ಧ ಪ ಪ ಕಲ ಗ ಕಲ ಯ ಗ ವ ಪರ ತನ ಮ ಧವನ ತ ಪ ರನಲ ಲ and in the English poetic rendering 6 Kind man to the kind Who s sweet to the sweet Very cruel to the cruel He was nothing but God Vishnu in this regard See also editBadami Chalukya dynasty Kannada literatureNotes edit Narasimhia 1941 p 355 Narasimhia 1941 p 363 i e lines 5 6 7 8 9 and 10 a b Narasimhia 1941 p 358 Narasimhia 1941 pp 346 329 323 295 286 320 278 a b Sahitya Akademi 1988 p 1717 Sahitya Akademi 1988 Kamath 2001 Narasimhia 1941 p 267 a b Narasimhia 1941 p 294 Narasimhia 1941 p 340 Narasimhia 1941 p 296 a b Narasimhia 1941 p 295 a b Narasimhia 1941 p 346 a b c Narasimhia 1941 p 329 Narasimhia 1941 p 323 Narasimhia 1941 p 286 Narasimhia 1941 p 320 Narasimhia 1941 p 278 Narasimhia 1941 p 322 Narasimhia 1941 p 274 Narasimhia 1941 p 319 Narasimhia 1941 p 104 Narasimhia 1941 p 274 Narasimhia 1941 p 343 Narasimhia 1941 p 279References editGazetteer of the Bombay Presidency Volume XXIII 1884 Bijapur Bombay Government Central Press Pp 694 Narasimhia A N 1941 A Grammar of the Oldest Kanarese Inscriptions including a study of the Sanskrit and Prakrit loan words Originally published Mysore University of Mysore Pp 375 Reprinted in 2007 Read Books Pp 416 ISBN 1 4067 6568 6 Sahitya Akademi 1988 Encyclopaedia of Indian literature vol 2 New Delhi Sahitya Akademi ISBN 81 260 1194 7 Kamath Suryanath U 2001 A Concise History of Karnataka from pre historic times to the present Bangalore Jupiter books MCC Reprinted 2002 External links edit History of Kannada Literature Dr Jyotsna Kamat Retrieved 12 November 2006 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kappe Arabhatta amp oldid 1151681417, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
