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Saiph

January 01, 1970

Saiph /ˈseɪf/, designation Kappa Orionis (κ Orionis, abbreviated Kappa Ori, κ Ori) and 53 Orionis (53 Ori), is the sixth-brightest star in the constellation of Orion. Of the four bright stars that compose Orion's main quadrangle, it is the star at the south-eastern corner. A northern-hemisphere observer facing south would see it at the lower left of Orion, and a southern-hemisphere observer facing north would see it at the upper right. Parallax measurements yield an estimated distance of 650 light-years (200 parsecs) from the Sun, which is about the same as Betelgeuse.[1] It is smaller, less luminous but hotter at its surface than Rigel with an apparent visual magnitude of 2.1.[2] The luminosity of this star changes slightly, varying by 0.04 magnitudes.[4]

Saiph
Location of Saiph (circled)
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Orion
Right ascension 05h 47m 45.38884s[1]
Declination −09° 40′ 10.5777″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 2.09[2]
Characteristics
Spectral type B0.5 Ia[3]
U−B color index −1.02[2]
B−V color index −0.18[2]
Variable type Suspected[4]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)+20.5[5] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: +1.46[1] mas/yr
Dec.: −1.28[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)5.04 ± 0.22 mas[1]
Distance650 ± 30 ly
(198 ± 9 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)−6.1[6]
Details
Mass15.50±1.25[7] M☉
Radius22.2[6] R☉
Luminosity56,881[7] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)2.9[6] cgs
Temperature26,500[6] K
Rotational velocity (v sin i)83[6] km/s
Age11.1±0.5[8] Myr
Other designations
κ Orionis, 53 Orionis, 141 G. Orionis, BD−09 1235, FK5 220, HD 38771, HIP 27366, HR 2004, SAO 132542.[9]
Database references
SIMBADdata

Nomenclature edit

Kappa Orionis is the star's Bayer designation and 53 Orionis its Flamsteed designation. The traditional name Saiph is from the Arabic saif al jabbar, 'سیف الجبّار', literally saif of the giant. This name was originally applied to Eta Orionis.[10] In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)[11] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016[12] included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN, which included Saiph for this star. It is now so entered in the IAU Catalog of Star Names.[13]

In the 17th-century catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Al Achsasi al Mouakket, this star was designated Rekbah al Jauza al Yemeniat, which was translated into Latin as Genu Dextrum Gigantis "right knee of the giant".[14]

Properties edit

Saiph is a supergiant with a stellar classification of B0.5 Ia. The luminosity class 'Ia' represents a bright supergiant star that has exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core and evolved away from the main sequence. Saiph has a strong stellar wind and is losing mass at the rate of 9.0 × 10−7 times the mass of the Sun per year, or the equivalent of the Sun's mass every 1.1 million years.[6] Using a combination of parallax as determined by Hipparcos and the spectrum yields a mass 15.50 ± 1.25 times and luminosity 56,881 times that of the Sun.[7] Analysis of the spectra and age of the members of the Orion OB1 association yields a mass 28 times that of the Sun (from an original mass 31.8 times that of the Sun) and an age of 6.2 million years.[15] Large stars such as Saiph (and many other stars in Orion) are destined to collapse on themselves and explode as supernovae.[16]

In non-Western astronomy and culture edit

In Chinese, 參宿 (Shēn Sù), meaning Three Stars (asterism), refers to an asterism consisting of Saiph, Alnitak, Alnilam, Mintaka, Betelgeuse, Bellatrix and Rigel.[17] Consequently, the Chinese name for Saiph is 參宿六 (Shēn Sù liù, English: the Sixth Star of Three Stars).[18]

The Wardaman people of northern Australia regard Saiph as the Guman digging stick, used to make a canyon by Black-headed Python.[19]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f van Leeuwen, F. (November 2007), "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 474 (2): 653–664, arXiv:0708.1752, Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357, S2CID 18759600
  2. ^ a b c d Crawford, D. L.; Barnes, J. V.; Golson, J. C. (1971), "Four-color, H-beta, and UBV photometry for bright B-type stars in the northern hemisphere", The Astronomical Journal, 76: 1058, Bibcode:1971AJ.....76.1058C, doi:10.1086/111220
  3. ^ Morgan, W. W.; Keenan, P. C. (1973). "Spectral Classification". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 11: 29–50. Bibcode:1973ARA&A..11...29M. doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.11.090173.000333.
  4. ^ a b Lefèvre, L.; et al. (November 2009), "A systematic study of variability among OB-stars based on HIPPARCOS photometry", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 507 (2): 11411201, Bibcode:2009A&A...507.1141L, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200912304
  5. ^ Wielen, R.; et al. (1999), "Sixth Catalogue of Fundamental Stars (FK6). Part I. Basic fundamental stars with direct solutions", Veröff. Astron. Rechen-Inst. Heidelb, 35 (35), Astronomisches Rechen-Institut Heidelberg: 1, Bibcode:1999VeARI..35....1W
  6. ^ a b c d e f Crowther, P. A.; Lennon, D. J.; Walborn, N. R. (January 2006), "Physical parameters and wind properties of galactic early B supergiants", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 446 (1): 279–293, arXiv:astro-ph/0509436, Bibcode:2006A&A...446..279C, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20053685, S2CID 18815761
  7. ^ a b c Hohle, M. M.; Neuhäuser, R.; Schutz, B. F. (April 2010), "Masses and luminosities of O- and B-type stars and red supergiants", Astronomische Nachrichten, 331 (4): 349, arXiv:1003.2335, Bibcode:2010AN....331..349H, doi:10.1002/asna.200911355, S2CID 111387483
  8. ^ Tetzlaff, N.; Neuhäuser, R.; Hohle, M. M. (January 2011), "A catalogue of young runaway Hipparcos stars within 3 kpc from the Sun", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 410 (1): 190–200, arXiv:1007.4883, Bibcode:2011MNRAS.410..190T, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17434.x, S2CID 118629873
  9. ^ "SAIPH -- Variable Star", SIMBAD, Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg, retrieved 2012-01-12
  10. ^ Allen, Richard Hinckley (1899). Star-names and their meanings. G. E. Stechert. p. 317.
  11. ^ "IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)". Retrieved 22 May 2016.
  12. ^ "Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1" (PDF). Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  13. ^ "IAU Catalog of Star Names". Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  14. ^ Knobel, E. B. (June 1895). "Al Achsasi Al Mouakket, on a catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Mohammad Al Achsasi Al Mouakket". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 55 (8): 429. Bibcode:1895MNRAS..55..429K. doi:10.1093/mnras/55.8.429.
  15. ^ Voss, R.; Diehl, R.; Vink, J. S.; Hartmann, D. H. (2010). "Probing the evolving massive star population in Orion with kinematic and radioactive tracers". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 520: 10. arXiv:1005.3827. Bibcode:2010A&A...520A..51V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014408. S2CID 38599952. A51.
  16. ^ Kaler, James B., "SAIPH (Kappa Orionis)", Stars, University of Illinois, retrieved 2012-01-27
  17. ^ (in Chinese) 中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, ISBN 978-986-7332-25-7.
  18. ^ (in Chinese) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 5 月 25 日
  19. ^ Harney, Bill Yidumduma; Cairns, Hugh C. (2004) [2003]. Dark Sparklers (Revised ed.). Merimbula, New South Wales: Hugh C. Cairns. p. 139. ISBN 0-9750908-0-1.


January 01, 1970
saiph, designation, kappa, orionis, orionis, abbreviated, kappa, orionis, sixth, brightest, star, constellation, orion, four, bright, stars, that, compose, orion, main, quadrangle, star, south, eastern, corner, northern, hemisphere, observer, facing, south, wo. Saiph ˈ s eɪ f designation Kappa Orionis k Orionis abbreviated Kappa Ori k Ori and 53 Orionis 53 Ori is the sixth brightest star in the constellation of Orion Of the four bright stars that compose Orion s main quadrangle it is the star at the south eastern corner A northern hemisphere observer facing south would see it at the lower left of Orion and a southern hemisphere observer facing north would see it at the upper right Parallax measurements yield an estimated distance of 650 light years 200 parsecs from the Sun which is about the same as Betelgeuse 1 It is smaller less luminous but hotter at its surface than Rigel with an apparent visual magnitude of 2 1 2 The luminosity of this star changes slightly varying by 0 04 magnitudes 4 SaiphLocation of Saiph circled Observation dataEpoch J2000 Equinox J2000 Constellation Orion Right ascension 05h 47m 45 38884s 1 Declination 09 40 10 5777 1 Apparent magnitude V 2 09 2 Characteristics Spectral type B0 5 Ia 3 U B color index 1 02 2 B V color index 0 18 2 Variable type Suspected 4 AstrometryRadial velocity Rv 20 5 5 km sProper motion m RA 1 46 1 mas yr Dec 1 28 1 mas yrParallax p 5 04 0 22 mas 1 Distance650 30 ly 198 9 pc Absolute magnitude MV 6 1 6 DetailsMass15 50 1 25 7 M Radius22 2 6 R Luminosity56 881 7 L Surface gravity log g 2 9 6 cgsTemperature26 500 6 KRotational velocity v sin i 83 6 km sAge11 1 0 5 8 Myr Other designationsk Orionis 53 Orionis 141 G Orionis BD 09 1235 FK5 220 HD 38771 HIP 27366 HR 2004 SAO 132542 9 Database referencesSIMBADdata Contents 1 Nomenclature 2 Properties 3 In non Western astronomy and culture 4 ReferencesNomenclature editKappa Orionis is the star s Bayer designation and 53 Orionis its Flamsteed designation The traditional name Saiph is from the Arabic saif al jabbar سیف الجب ار literally saif of the giant This name was originally applied to Eta Orionis 10 In 2016 the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names WGSN 11 to catalog and standardize proper names for stars The WGSN s first bulletin of July 2016 12 included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN which included Saiph for this star It is now so entered in the IAU Catalog of Star Names 13 In the 17th century catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Al Achsasi al Mouakket this star was designated Rekbah al Jauza al Yemeniat which was translated into Latin as Genu Dextrum Gigantis right knee of the giant 14 Properties editSaiph is a supergiant with a stellar classification of B0 5 Ia The luminosity class Ia represents a bright supergiant star that has exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core and evolved away from the main sequence Saiph has a strong stellar wind and is losing mass at the rate of 9 0 10 7 times the mass of the Sun per year or the equivalent of the Sun s mass every 1 1 million years 6 Using a combination of parallax as determined by Hipparcos and the spectrum yields a mass 15 50 1 25 times and luminosity 56 881 times that of the Sun 7 Analysis of the spectra and age of the members of the Orion OB1 association yields a mass 28 times that of the Sun from an original mass 31 8 times that of the Sun and an age of 6 2 million years 15 Large stars such as Saiph and many other stars in Orion are destined to collapse on themselves and explode as supernovae 16 In non Western astronomy and culture editIn Chinese 參宿 Shen Su meaning Three Stars asterism refers to an asterism consisting of Saiph Alnitak Alnilam Mintaka Betelgeuse Bellatrix and Rigel 17 Consequently the Chinese name for Saiph is 參宿六 Shen Su liu English the Sixth Star of Three Stars 18 The Wardaman people of northern Australia regard Saiph as the Guman digging stick used to make a canyon by Black headed Python 19 References edit a b c d e f van Leeuwen F November 2007 Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction Astronomy and Astrophysics 474 2 653 664 arXiv 0708 1752 Bibcode 2007A amp A 474 653V doi 10 1051 0004 6361 20078357 S2CID 18759600 a b c d Crawford D L Barnes J V Golson J C 1971 Four color H beta and UBV photometry for bright B type stars in the northern hemisphere The Astronomical Journal 76 1058 Bibcode 1971AJ 76 1058C doi 10 1086 111220 Morgan W W Keenan P C 1973 Spectral Classification Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 11 29 50 Bibcode 1973ARA amp A 11 29M doi 10 1146 annurev aa 11 090173 000333 a b Lefevre L et al November 2009 A systematic study of variability among OB stars based on HIPPARCOS photometry Astronomy and Astrophysics 507 2 11411201 Bibcode 2009A amp A 507 1141L doi 10 1051 0004 6361 200912304 Wielen R et al 1999 Sixth Catalogue of Fundamental Stars FK6 Part I Basic fundamental stars with direct solutions Veroff Astron Rechen Inst Heidelb 35 35 Astronomisches Rechen Institut Heidelberg 1 Bibcode 1999VeARI 35 1W a b c d e f Crowther P A Lennon D J Walborn N R January 2006 Physical parameters and wind properties of galactic early B supergiants Astronomy and Astrophysics 446 1 279 293 arXiv astro ph 0509436 Bibcode 2006A amp A 446 279C doi 10 1051 0004 6361 20053685 S2CID 18815761 a b c Hohle M M Neuhauser R Schutz B F April 2010 Masses and luminosities of O and B type stars and red supergiants Astronomische Nachrichten 331 4 349 arXiv 1003 2335 Bibcode 2010AN 331 349H doi 10 1002 asna 200911355 S2CID 111387483 Tetzlaff N Neuhauser R Hohle M M January 2011 A catalogue of young runaway Hipparcos stars within 3 kpc from the Sun Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 410 1 190 200 arXiv 1007 4883 Bibcode 2011MNRAS 410 190T doi 10 1111 j 1365 2966 2010 17434 x S2CID 118629873 SAIPH Variable Star SIMBAD Centre de Donnees astronomiques de Strasbourg retrieved 2012 01 12 Allen Richard Hinckley 1899 Star names and their meanings G E Stechert p 317 IAU Working Group on Star Names WGSN Retrieved 22 May 2016 Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names No 1 PDF Retrieved 28 July 2016 IAU Catalog of Star Names Retrieved 28 July 2016 Knobel E B June 1895 Al Achsasi Al Mouakket on a catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Mohammad Al Achsasi Al Mouakket Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 55 8 429 Bibcode 1895MNRAS 55 429K doi 10 1093 mnras 55 8 429 Voss R Diehl R Vink J S Hartmann D H 2010 Probing the evolving massive star population in Orion with kinematic and radioactive tracers Astronomy and Astrophysics 520 10 arXiv 1005 3827 Bibcode 2010A amp A 520A 51V doi 10 1051 0004 6361 201014408 S2CID 38599952 A51 Kaler James B SAIPH Kappa Orionis Stars University of Illinois retrieved 2012 01 27 in Chinese 中國星座神話 written by 陳久金 Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司 2005 ISBN 978 986 7332 25 7 in Chinese AEEA Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 5 月 25 日 Harney Bill Yidumduma Cairns Hugh C 2004 2003 Dark Sparklers Revised ed Merimbula New South Wales Hugh C Cairns p 139 ISBN 0 9750908 0 1 Portals nbsp Astronomy nbsp Stars nbsp Outer space Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Saiph amp oldid 1222808905, wikipedia, wiki, 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