Kalán from the kindred Bár-Kalán (Hungarian: Bár-Kalán nembeli Kalán, Latin: Calanus Coelius or Juvencius Coelius; died late 1218) was a prelate and royal official in the Kingdom of Hungary at the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries. He was bishop of Pécs from 1186 until his death in 1218, and ban of Croatia and Dalmatia between 1193 and 1194, thus he was the first prelate in the kingdom to parallelly held a secular office. Kalán's relationship with the monarch was tense in the reign of King Emeric who accused the bishop of incest but could never prove it. Although a part of the canons of Esztergom elected Kalán as archbishop in 1204, his election was not confirmed by the Holy See. Kalán died when planning to go on a crusade to the Holy Land.
Kalán was born into a prominent family of the Kingdom of Hungary between around 1150 and 1155. The ancestral possessions of his family, the Bár-Kalán kindred were located around Bár in Baranya County, and around Esztergom. Although no information on his early years was recorded, the "refined style of the charters he issued" (László Koszta) point at his studies in foreign schools. Kalán worked for the royal court from the 1180s and promoted the separation of the royal chancellery from the royal chapel, being the latter supervised by the archbishops of Esztergom. A charter of 1181 alludes to him as "chancellor of the royal court" (aule regie cancellarius).
Although he is mentioned as bishop of Pécs in a charter of 1183, its reliability is highly suspectful. Therefore he seems to have become bishop in 1186. The pope also granted him the personal right to wear a pallium similarly to the archbishops. King Béla III of Hungary appointed Kalán to administer Croatia and Dalmatia with the title of governor (gubernator) in 1193. In this office, Kalán was replaced by the king's eldest son, Emeric, which may suggest a strained relationship between the bishop and the monarch. The Cistercian chronicler, Alberic of Trois-Fontaines would even write that Kalán murdered Béla III using a poisoned communion wafer in 1196. All the same, Béla III's successor, Emeric accused, in 1203, the bishop not of murdering his father but of maintaining an illicit relationship with his own niece, but this accusation remained unproven.
Kalán, along with all the other suffragan bishops of the archbishops of Esztergom, protested against the election of Archbishop John of Kalocsa to the see of Esztergom by its canons in 1204. They emphasized that Archbishop John had up to that time disputed the preeminent status of the see of Esztergom within the kingdom. The suffragan bishops convinced some canon in the cathedral chapter of Esztergom to change their mind and to elect Kalán archbishop. Now his opponent accused bishop Kalán of an incestuous relationship with his niece, but the investigation conducted by his five fellow bishops cleared him. All the same, Pope Innocent III decided the conflict over the archbishopric of Esztergom in favor of Kalán's opponent and confirmed John's election on October 5, 1205.
Kalán passionately protected the interests of his diocese. He disputed that the Benedictine abbey of Dunaföldvár was exempt from his jurisdiction and sued its abbot before the pope, but the abbey remained directly submitted to the archbishops of Esztergom. He also submitted a formal complaint against the Cistercian abbey at Cikádor in the 1210s because the buying of vineyards in his diocese by the Cistercians who were exempt from tithe jeopardized his income. Upon his request Pope Innocent III formerly warned the Cistercians to moderate their acquisition of new properties. He seems to have set up the collegiate chapters at Požega (now in Croatia), and a monastery for the Canons Regular at Irig (now in Serbia).
The building of the cathedral at Pécs was finished in his period, around 1200. In short time Kalán established a collegiate chapter dedicated to John the Baptist in front of the western facade of the new church. The cathedral chapter also began functioning as a "place of authentication" (locus credibilis) in Bishop Kalán's time. He was planning to visit the Holy Land, but his age prevented him from joining the crusade King Andrew II of Hungary organized in 1217.
Referencesedit
Barabás, Gábor (2015). A pápaság és Magyarország a 13. század első felében. Pápai hatás – együttműködés – érdekellentét [The Papacy and Hungary in the First Half of the 13th Century. Papal influence – cooperation – clash of interests] (in Hungarian). Pécsi Történettudományért Kulturális Egyesület. ISBN978 963 89482 5 0.
Beke, Margit (2003). "Bár-Kalán nembeli Kalán [Kalán from the kindred Bár-Kalán]". In Beke, Margit (ed.). Esztergomi érsekek 1001–2003 [Archbishops of Esztergom 1001–2003] (in Hungarian). Szent István Társulat. pp. 83–88. ISBN963-361-472-4.
Gál, Judit (2020). Dalmatia and the Exercise of Royal Authority in the Árpád-Era Kingdom of Hungary. Arpadiana III., Research Centre for the Humanities. ISBN978-963-416-227-8.
Koszta, László (2009). Bár-Kalán nembeli Kalán (1186–1218). In: A Pécsi Egyházmegye története I: A középkor évszázadai (1009–1543) (Szerkesztette: Fedeles Tamás, Sarbak Gábor, Sümegi József), pp. 69-74. ("A History of the Diocese of Pécs, Volume I: Medieval Centuries, 1009–1543; Edited by Tamás Fedeles, Gábor Sarbak and József Sümegi"); Fény Kft.; Pécs; ISBN978-963-88572-0-0.
Kosztolnyik, Z. J. (1987). From Coloman the Learned to Béla III (1095–1196): Hungarian Domestic Policies and Their Impact upon Foreign Affairs. Boulder (Distributed by Columbia University Press). New York. ISBN0-88033-116-X.
Kristó, Gyula (1979). A feudális széttagolódás Magyarországon [Feudal Anarchy in Hungary] (in Hungarian). Akadémiai Kiadó. ISBN963-05-1595-4.
Makk, Ferenc (1994). Kalán. Entry in: Korai Magyar Történeti Lexikon (9–14. század), pp. 312-313. ("Encyclopedia of Early Hungarian History, 9th–14th centuries"); Akadémiai Kiadó; Budapest; ISBN963-05-6722-9.
Markó, László (2006). A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig: Életrajzi Lexikon [Great Officers of State in Hungary from King Saint Stephen to Our Days: A Biographical Encyclopedia] (in Hungarian). Helikon Kiadó. ISBN963-208-970-7.
Sweeney, James Ross (1993). "III. lnce és az esztergomi érsekválasztási vita. (A Bone Memorie II. dekretális történeti háttere) [Pope Innocent III and the Dispute Over the Election of Archbishop of Esztergom. Background to the Papal Decretal of Bone Memorie II]". Aetas. 8 (1). Translated by Sebők, Ferenc. AETAS Könyv- és Lapkiadó Egyesület: 147–169. ISSN 0237-7934.
Szeberényi, Gábor (2002). ""Kalán, Isten kegyelméből palliumos pécsi püspök, egész Dalmácia és Horvátország kormányzója" (Újabb szempont a horvát-magyar perszonálunió 12. századi történetének kérdéséhez)". In Varga, Lajos; Vonyó, József (eds.). Tanulmányok Pécs történetéből 10–12. [Studies on the History of Pécs 10–12.] (in Hungarian). University of Pécs. pp. 229–241.
Zsoldos, Attila (2001). "Egész Szlavónia bánja [Ban of Whole Slavonia]". In Neumann, Tibor (ed.). Analecta Mediaevalia I. Tanulmányok a középkorról (in Hungarian). Argumentum Kiadó. p. 269–281. ISBN963-446-174-3.
Zsoldos, Attila (2011). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1000–1301 [Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1000–1301] (in Hungarian). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. ISBN978-963-9627-38-3.
kalán, bár, kalán, this, article, includes, list, references, related, reading, external, links, sources, remain, unclear, because, lacks, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, september, 2012, learn, w. This article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations September 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message Kalan from the kindred Bar Kalan Hungarian Bar Kalan nembeli Kalan Latin Calanus Coelius or Juvencius Coelius died late 1218 was a prelate and royal official in the Kingdom of Hungary at the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries He was bishop of Pecs from 1186 until his death in 1218 and ban of Croatia and Dalmatia between 1193 and 1194 thus he was the first prelate in the kingdom to parallelly held a secular office Kalan s relationship with the monarch was tense in the reign of King Emeric who accused the bishop of incest but could never prove it Although a part of the canons of Esztergom elected Kalan as archbishop in 1204 his election was not confirmed by the Holy See Kalan died when planning to go on a crusade to the Holy Land Kalan Bar KalanBishop of PecsArchbishop elect of EsztergomSeePecsAppointed1186Term ended1218PredecessorMakar IISuccessorBartholomewOther post s Ban of SlavoniaPersonal detailsBorn1150sDied1218NationalityHungarianLife editKalan was born into a prominent family of the Kingdom of Hungary between around 1150 and 1155 The ancestral possessions of his family the Bar Kalan kindred were located around Bar in Baranya County and around Esztergom Although no information on his early years was recorded the refined style of the charters he issued Laszlo Koszta point at his studies in foreign schools Kalan worked for the royal court from the 1180s and promoted the separation of the royal chancellery from the royal chapel being the latter supervised by the archbishops of Esztergom A charter of 1181 alludes to him as chancellor of the royal court aule regie cancellarius Although he is mentioned as bishop of Pecs in a charter of 1183 its reliability is highly suspectful Therefore he seems to have become bishop in 1186 The pope also granted him the personal right to wear a pallium similarly to the archbishops King Bela III of Hungary appointed Kalan to administer Croatia and Dalmatia with the title of governor gubernator in 1193 In this office Kalan was replaced by the king s eldest son Emeric which may suggest a strained relationship between the bishop and the monarch The Cistercian chronicler Alberic of Trois Fontaines would even write that Kalan murdered Bela III using a poisoned communion wafer in 1196 All the same Bela III s successor Emeric accused in 1203 the bishop not of murdering his father but of maintaining an illicit relationship with his own niece but this accusation remained unproven Kalan along with all the other suffragan bishops of the archbishops of Esztergom protested against the election of Archbishop John of Kalocsa to the see of Esztergom by its canons in 1204 They emphasized that Archbishop John had up to that time disputed the preeminent status of the see of Esztergom within the kingdom The suffragan bishops convinced some canon in the cathedral chapter of Esztergom to change their mind and to elect Kalan archbishop Now his opponent accused bishop Kalan of an incestuous relationship with his niece but the investigation conducted by his five fellow bishops cleared him All the same Pope Innocent III decided the conflict over the archbishopric of Esztergom in favor of Kalan s opponent and confirmed John s election on October 5 1205 Kalan passionately protected the interests of his diocese He disputed that the Benedictine abbey of Dunafoldvar was exempt from his jurisdiction and sued its abbot before the pope but the abbey remained directly submitted to the archbishops of Esztergom He also submitted a formal complaint against the Cistercian abbey at Cikador in the 1210s because the buying of vineyards in his diocese by the Cistercians who were exempt from tithe jeopardized his income Upon his request Pope Innocent III formerly warned the Cistercians to moderate their acquisition of new properties He seems to have set up the collegiate chapters at Pozega now in Croatia and a monastery for the Canons Regular at Irig now in Serbia The building of the cathedral at Pecs was finished in his period around 1200 In short time Kalan established a collegiate chapter dedicated to John the Baptist in front of the western facade of the new church The cathedral chapter also began functioning as a place of authentication locus credibilis in Bishop Kalan s time He was planning to visit the Holy Land but his age prevented him from joining the crusade King Andrew II of Hungary organized in 1217 References editBarabas Gabor 2015 A papasag es Magyarorszag a 13 szazad elso feleben Papai hatas egyuttmukodes erdekellentet The Papacy and Hungary in the First Half of the 13th Century Papal influence cooperation clash of interests in Hungarian Pecsi Tortenettudomanyert Kulturalis Egyesulet ISBN 978 963 89482 5 0 Beke Margit 2003 Bar Kalan nembeli Kalan Kalan from the kindred Bar Kalan In Beke Margit ed Esztergomi ersekek 1001 2003 Archbishops of Esztergom 1001 2003 in Hungarian Szent Istvan Tarsulat pp 83 88 ISBN 963 361 472 4 Gal Judit 2020 Dalmatia and the Exercise of Royal Authority in the Arpad Era Kingdom of Hungary Arpadiana III Research Centre for the Humanities ISBN 978 963 416 227 8 Koszta Laszlo 2009 Bar Kalan nembeli Kalan 1186 1218 In A Pecsi Egyhazmegye tortenete I A kozepkor evszazadai 1009 1543 Szerkesztette Fedeles Tamas Sarbak Gabor Sumegi Jozsef pp 69 74 A History of the Diocese of Pecs Volume I Medieval Centuries 1009 1543 Edited by Tamas Fedeles Gabor Sarbak and Jozsef Sumegi Feny Kft Pecs ISBN 978 963 88572 0 0 Kosztolnyik Z J 1987 From Coloman the Learned to Bela III 1095 1196 Hungarian Domestic Policies and Their Impact upon Foreign Affairs Boulder Distributed by Columbia University Press New York ISBN 0 88033 116 X Kristo Gyula 1979 A feudalis szettagolodas Magyarorszagon Feudal Anarchy in Hungary in Hungarian Akademiai Kiado ISBN 963 05 1595 4 Makk Ferenc 1994 Kalan Entry in Korai Magyar Torteneti Lexikon 9 14 szazad pp 312 313 Encyclopedia of Early Hungarian History 9th 14th centuries Akademiai Kiado Budapest ISBN 963 05 6722 9 Marko Laszlo 2006 A magyar allam fomeltosagai Szent Istvantol napjainkig Eletrajzi Lexikon Great Officers of State in Hungary from King Saint Stephen to Our Days A Biographical Encyclopedia in Hungarian Helikon Kiado ISBN 963 208 970 7 Sweeney James Ross 1993 III lnce es az esztergomi ersekvalasztasi vita A Bone Memorie II dekretalis torteneti hattere Pope Innocent III and the Dispute Over the Election of Archbishop of Esztergom Background to the Papal Decretal of Bone Memorie II Aetas 8 1 Translated by Sebok Ferenc AETAS Konyv es Lapkiado Egyesulet 147 169 ISSN 0237 7934 Szeberenyi Gabor 2002 Kalan Isten kegyelmebol palliumos pecsi puspok egesz Dalmacia es Horvatorszag kormanyzoja Ujabb szempont a horvat magyar perszonalunio 12 szazadi tortenetenek kerdesehez In Varga Lajos Vonyo Jozsef eds Tanulmanyok Pecs tortenetebol 10 12 Studies on the History of Pecs 10 12 in Hungarian University of Pecs pp 229 241 Zsoldos Attila 2001 Egesz Szlavonia banja Ban of Whole Slavonia In Neumann Tibor ed Analecta Mediaevalia I Tanulmanyok a kozepkorrol in Hungarian Argumentum Kiado p 269 281 ISBN 963 446 174 3 Zsoldos Attila 2011 Magyarorszag vilagi archontologiaja 1000 1301 Secular Archontology of Hungary 1000 1301 in Hungarian Historia MTA Tortenettudomanyi Intezete ISBN 978 963 9627 38 3 Kalan Bar KalanBorn 1150 1155 Died 1218Catholic Church titlesPreceded by Makar II Bishop of Pecs1186 1218 Succeeded byBartholomewPreceded byUgrin Csak elected Archbishop of Esztergom1204 1205 elected Succeeded byJohnPolitical officesPreceded byfirst known Chancellor1181 1183 Succeeded byAdrianPreceded byDenisas Ban of Slavonia Governor of Dalmatia and Croatia1193 1194 Succeeded byDominic Miskolcas Ban of Slavonia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kalan Bar Kalan amp oldid 1214399935, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
