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Ka Mate

January 01, 1970

"Ka Mate" ([ˈkaˌmatɛ]) is a Māori haka composed by Te Rauparaha, war leader of the Ngāti Toa tribe of the North Island of New Zealand.

Te Rauparaha, Ngāti Toa chief, 1840s

Composition edit

Te Rauparaha composed "Ka Mate" circa 1820 as a celebration of life over death after his lucky escape from pursuing Ngāti Maniapoto and Waikato enemies.[1][2] He had hidden from them, on Motuopihi Island in Lake Rotoaira, in a kūmara storage pit while a woman (wāhine) by the name of Rangikoaea straddled the pit to hide and protect him.[3] Upon emerging from the pit and into the sun he was grateful to Te Wharerangi and his wife Rangikoaea, composing the Ka Mate haka as a result.

The haka as composed by Te Rauparaha begins with a chant:[1][2]

Then follows the main body of the haka:

 
The All Blacks performing the Ka Mate haka

"Ka Mate" was conceived as a brief energizing haka of the ngeri type, where, in the absence of set movements, the performers are free to extemporize their chanting and movement as they feel fit, without any need for synchronization.[4]

Use in rugby edit

External videos
  "Ka Mate", accompanied by a translation — via YouTube
 
Isaac Luke and Adam Blair of the New Zealand national rugby league team performing "Ka Mate"

"Ka Mate" is the most widely known haka in New Zealand and internationally because a choreographed and synchronized version[4] of the chant has traditionally been performed by the All Blacks, New Zealand's international rugby union team, as well as the Kiwis, New Zealand's international rugby league team, immediately prior to test (international) matches until 2013, when a specific haka, "Te Iwi Kiwi", was used instead. Since 2005 the All Blacks have occasionally performed another haka, "Kapa o Pango". Since the introduction of "Kapa o Pango" the longest sequence of "Ka Mate" performances by the All Blacks is nine, which has occurred twice between 22 August 2009 and 12 June 2010 and also between 13 August 2022 and 19 November 2022.[5] Before the end of the 2003 Rugby World Cup, the performance of the Ka Mate by the All Blacks usually ended with a mid-air leap.[6]

Prior to 1985 the All Blacks haka was not performed with the usual performance we are now used to. It took two Māori during this time Buck Shelford and Hika Reid to revolutionise the way it was delivered, culminating in a style close to the original haka. The non-Māori players from this point on learnt how to perform.[7]

In an interview with ESPN shortly before the 2019 Rugby World Cup, All Blacks scrum-half TJ Perenara, the team's designated haka leader at the time and a Māori who was raised in the region where Te Rauparaha lived, explained the process of selecting which haka will be performed before a given match:

There's Ka Mate and there's Kapa O Pango. When we're in Wellington we perform Ka Mate, we're paying respects to Te Rauparaha and the lands that he walked on. And then outside of that Reado [captain Kieran Read] and myself will usually talk [on match eve] or earlier in the week about what we'll do; what haka we'll do for that week. And it's usually just a vibe thing; how we feel; how we feel like our footy's going and who we're playing against. There's no massive reason for doing either one except for when we're in Wellington we always do Ka Mate.[8]

List of players that have led Ka Mate edit

Incomplete list of All Blacks players that have led the Ka Mate version of the haka:

Numbers in brackets indicate how many times each player has led the "Ka Mate" haka. (correct as of 8 July 2023)

Teams who have faced Ka Mate edit

In total all 22 international rugby union sides that have played the All Blacks have faced "Ka Mate" before a test match. There are ten teams that have faced "Ka Mate", "Kapa o Pango", another haka or no prematch haka:

There are 12 international rugby union sides that have always faced "Ka Mate" before a match against the All Blacks:

All of the above 60 games were won by the All Blacks except for one against the World XV on 18 April 1992.[15][a] Numbers in brackets indicate how many times each team has faced the "Ka Mate" haka.

Ownership edit

Further information: Indigenous intellectual property § Ka Mate haka

Between 1998 and 2006, Ngāti Toa attempted to trademark "Ka Mate" to prevent its use by commercial organisations without their permission.[17][18] In 2006, the Intellectual Property Office of New Zealand declined their claim on the grounds that "Ka Mate" had achieved wide recognition in New Zealand and abroad as representing New Zealand as a whole and not a particular trader. In March 2011, New Zealand Rugby Union came to an amicable agreement with the iwi not to bring the mana of the haka into disrepute.[19]

In 2009, as a part of a wider settlement of grievances, the New Zealand government agreed to:

"...record the authorship and significance of the haka Ka Mate to Ngāti Toa and ... work with Ngāti Toa to address their concerns with the haka... [but] does not expect that redress will result in royalties for the use of Ka Mate or provide Ngāti Toa with a veto on the performance of Ka Mate...".[20][21]

In popular culture edit

In 2021, Glenn Osbourne turned the body of the haka into a ballad in C major.[22]

In the 2019 DLC for Civilization VI, Gathering Storm, the main theme for the added Māori civilization is Ka Mate and Pōkarekare Ana.[23] The theme has four renditions, each corresponding to a different era in the game. These renditions were composed by Geoff Knorr and Phill Boucher.[24]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Pōmare, Mīria (12 February 2014). "Ngāti Toarangatira – Chant composed by Te Rauparaha". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Ministry for Culture & Heritage. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
  2. ^ a b (PDF). Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 January 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
  3. ^ "Motuopihi Island". Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. 2017. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
  4. ^ a b Jackson, SJ; Hokowhitu, B (2002). "Sport, Tribes, and Technology: The New Zealand All Blacks Haka and the Politics of Identity". Journal of Sport and Social Issues. 26 (2): 125–139. doi:10.1177/0193723502262002. ISSN 0193-7235. S2CID 144368028.
  5. ^ "Rugby Facts: The Ultimate Guide to Becoming a True Fan". 19 March 2014. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  6. ^ "Haka then and now: it used to be more funny than frightening". The Week UK. 27 November 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  7. ^ "Buck Shelford Leads... The All Blacks Haka Revival". Rotorua Travel Secrets. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
  8. ^ Bruce, Sam (15 September 2019). "Understanding the All Blacks' supreme success". ESPN.com. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
  9. ^ Knowler, Richard (10 September 2022). "Ex-All Black John Timu: 'Rugby union has given me everything'". Stuff. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  10. ^ Malley, Frank (23 October 2003). "Spencer to lead Haka". ESPN. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
  11. ^ "Ka Mate! Zinzan Brooke's guide to the Haka". the42. 8 September 2011. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  12. ^ France, Centre (23 October 2011). "Aulnat : Franck Shelford, un All Black est prêt pour le sacre de la Nouvelle-Zélande". www.lamontagne.fr. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  13. ^ World, Rugby (9 August 2023). "Who leads the haka for the All Blacks?". Rugby World. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  14. ^ JONES, MATT. "Rugby World Cup Results 2015: New Zealand vs. Georgia Score, Updated Fixtures". Bleacher Report. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
  15. ^ "LOOKING BACK ON THE WORLD XV CENTENARY SERIES". allblacks.com. 19 April 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
  16. ^ "The blackest year in All Black history". 24 July 2009.
  17. ^ "All Blacks fight to keep haka". news.bbc.co.uk. 16 July 2000. Retrieved 3 May 2008.
  18. ^ "Iwi threatens to place trademark on All Black haka". New Zealand Herald. 22 May 2005. Retrieved 3 May 2008.
  19. ^ "Iwi claim to All Black haka turned down". New Zealand Herald. 2 July 2007. Retrieved 3 May 2008.
  20. ^ Ngāti Toa Rangatira Letter of Agreement 21 May 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  21. ^ "New Zealand Maori win haka fight". BBC News. 11 February 2009.
  22. ^ "Match Fit Season 2 Ep 3 | DOCUMENTARY/FACTUAL | ThreeNow". www.threenow.co.nz. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  23. ^ "Maori Theme - Atomic (Civilization 6 OST) Pōkarekare Ana; Ka Mate". Youtube. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  24. ^ "Civilization VI: Gathering Storm (Original Game Soundtrack)". Apple Music. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  1. ^ This does not include their 2 1949 matches against Rhodesia as the All Blacks refused to perform a haka due to no Māori players being on the team, The All Blacks lost one and drew the other.[16]

External links edit

 
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Ka Mate
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ka Mate haka.
  • – includes a recording
  • Another and different translation of haka – tells the meaning behind the translation
  • Ancient versions of Ka Mate – A comparative study of "Ka Mate" from ten different sources.

January 01, 1970
mate, māori, haka, composed, rauparaha, leader, ngāti, tribe, north, island, zealand, rauparaha, ngāti, chief, 1840s, contents, composition, rugby, list, players, that, have, teams, have, faced, ownership, popular, culture, also, references, external, linkscom. Ka Mate ˈ k a ˌ m a t ɛ is a Maori haka composed by Te Rauparaha war leader of the Ngati Toa tribe of the North Island of New Zealand Te Rauparaha Ngati Toa chief 1840s Contents 1 Composition 2 Use in rugby 2 1 List of players that have led Ka Mate 2 2 Teams who have faced Ka Mate 3 Ownership 4 In popular culture 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksComposition editTe Rauparaha composed Ka Mate circa 1820 as a celebration of life over death after his lucky escape from pursuing Ngati Maniapoto and Waikato enemies 1 2 He had hidden from them on Motuopihi Island in Lake Rotoaira in a kumara storage pit while a woman wahine by the name of Rangikoaea straddled the pit to hide and protect him 3 Upon emerging from the pit and into the sun he was grateful to Te Wharerangi and his wife Rangikoaea composing the Ka Mate haka as a result The haka as composed by Te Rauparaha begins with a chant 1 2 Kikiki Kakaka Kauana kei waniwania taku tara kei tarawahia kei te rua i te kerokero He pounga rahui te uira ka rarapa ketekete kau ana To peru kairiri mau au e koro e Hi Ha Ka wehi au ka matakana ko wai te tangata kia rere ure tirohanga nga rua rerarera nga rua kuri kakanui i raro Aha ha Let your valor rise Let your valor rage Let us ward off these haunted hands to protect our wives and children For thee I defy the storms of hell while my enemies stand there unknowingly To think I would tremble to a pack of wolves either seeing fear or running away because they would surely fall into the pit of shame as food for the hounds to chow down on in delight Then follows the main body of the haka Ka mate ka mate ka ora ka ora Ka mate ka mate ka ora ka ora Tenei te tangata puhuruhuru Nana nei i tiki mai whakawhiti te ra A upane ka upane A upane ka upane whiti te ra It is death it is death it is life it is life It is death it is death it is life it is life Or do I see a hairy man who brought back the Sun so it can shine on me once more Then I will put one foot in front of the other One foot then the other until the Sun shines on me nbsp The All Blacks performing the Ka Mate haka Ka Mate was conceived as a brief energizing haka of the ngeri type where in the absence of set movements the performers are free to extemporize their chanting and movement as they feel fit without any need for synchronization 4 Use in rugby editExternal videos nbsp Ka Mate accompanied by a translation via YouTube nbsp Isaac Luke and Adam Blair of the New Zealand national rugby league team performing Ka Mate Ka Mate is the most widely known haka in New Zealand and internationally because a choreographed and synchronized version 4 of the chant has traditionally been performed by the All Blacks New Zealand s international rugby union team as well as the Kiwis New Zealand s international rugby league team immediately prior to test international matches until 2013 when a specific haka Te Iwi Kiwi was used instead Since 2005 the All Blacks have occasionally performed another haka Kapa o Pango Since the introduction of Kapa o Pango the longest sequence of Ka Mate performances by the All Blacks is nine which has occurred twice between 22 August 2009 and 12 June 2010 and also between 13 August 2022 and 19 November 2022 5 Before the end of the 2003 Rugby World Cup the performance of the Ka Mate by the All Blacks usually ended with a mid air leap 6 Prior to 1985 the All Blacks haka was not performed with the usual performance we are now used to It took two Maori during this time Buck Shelford and Hika Reid to revolutionise the way it was delivered culminating in a style close to the original haka The non Maori players from this point on learnt how to perform 7 In an interview with ESPN shortly before the 2019 Rugby World Cup All Blacks scrum half TJ Perenara the team s designated haka leader at the time and a Maori who was raised in the region where Te Rauparaha lived explained the process of selecting which haka will be performed before a given match There s Ka Mate and there s Kapa O Pango When we re in Wellington we perform Ka Mate we re paying respects to Te Rauparaha and the lands that he walked on And then outside of that Reado captain Kieran Read and myself will usually talk on match eve or earlier in the week about what we ll do what haka we ll do for that week And it s usually just a vibe thing how we feel how we feel like our footy s going and who we re playing against There s no massive reason for doing either one except for when we re in Wellington we always do Ka Mate 8 List of players that have led Ka Mate edit Incomplete list of All Blacks players that have led the Ka Mate version of the haka Piri Weepu 26 TJ Perenara 26 Keven Mealamu 23 Aaron Smith 21 Richie McCaw 11 Liam Messam 9 Rico Gear 6 Carl Hayman 5 Hosea Gear 4 Dane Coles 4 Aaron Mauger 2 Kieran Read 1 Mils Muliaina 1 Tawera Kerr Barlow 1 Nehe Milner Skudder 1 Sam Cane 1 Codie Taylor 1 Tana Umaga George Nepia Buck Shelford Taine Randell John Timu 9 Carlos Spencer 10 Zinzan Brooke 11 Norm Hewitt 1995 Rugby World Cup vs Japan Hika Reid Frank Shelford 12 Jamie Joseph 1995 Rugby World Cup vs Wales and Ireland Sid Going 13 Steve McDowall Stu Wilson 1979 vs England Kees Meeuws 2001 vs Argentina Greg Feek 2001 vs Ireland Numbers in brackets indicate how many times each player has led the Ka Mate haka correct as of 8 July 2023 Teams who have faced Ka Mate edit In total all 22 international rugby union sides that have played the All Blacks have faced Ka Mate before a test match There are ten teams that have faced Ka Mate Kapa o Pango another haka or no prematch haka Australia South Africa England France Wales Ireland British amp Irish Lions Scotland Argentina 29 Namibia 2 There are 12 international rugby union sides that have always faced Ka Mate before a match against the All Blacks Italy 16 Fiji 7 Samoa 7 Tonga 7 Canada 6 Japan 5 United States 4 World XV 3 1 win Romania 2 Pacific Islanders 1 Portugal 1 Georgia 1 14 All of the above 60 games were won by the All Blacks except for one against the World XV on 18 April 1992 15 a Numbers in brackets indicate how many times each team has faced the Ka Mate haka Ownership editFurther information Indigenous intellectual property Ka Mate haka Between 1998 and 2006 Ngati Toa attempted to trademark Ka Mate to prevent its use by commercial organisations without their permission 17 18 In 2006 the Intellectual Property Office of New Zealand declined their claim on the grounds that Ka Mate had achieved wide recognition in New Zealand and abroad as representing New Zealand as a whole and not a particular trader In March 2011 New Zealand Rugby Union came to an amicable agreement with the iwi not to bring the mana of the haka into disrepute 19 In 2009 as a part of a wider settlement of grievances the New Zealand government agreed to record the authorship and significance of the haka Ka Mate to Ngati Toa and work with Ngati Toa to address their concerns with the haka but does not expect that redress will result in royalties for the use of Ka Mate or provide Ngati Toa with a veto on the performance of Ka Mate 20 21 In popular culture editIn 2021 Glenn Osbourne turned the body of the haka into a ballad in C major 22 In the 2019 DLC for Civilization VI Gathering Storm the main theme for the added Maori civilization is Ka Mate and Pōkarekare Ana 23 The theme has four renditions each corresponding to a different era in the game These renditions were composed by Geoff Knorr and Phill Boucher 24 See also edit nbsp New Zealand portal nbsp Sports portal Haka in sports Kapa haka Kapa o Pango Maori musicReferences edit a b Pōmare Miria 12 February 2014 Ngati Toarangatira Chant composed by Te Rauparaha Te Ara the Encyclopedia of New Zealand Ministry for Culture amp Heritage Retrieved 31 August 2015 a b Haka Ka Mate Attribution Act 2014 Guidelines PDF Ministry of Business Innovation amp Employment Archived from the original PDF on 23 January 2016 Retrieved 31 August 2015 Motuopihi Island Te Ara the Encyclopedia of New Zealand 2017 Retrieved 31 October 2023 a b Jackson SJ Hokowhitu B 2002 Sport Tribes and Technology The New Zealand All Blacks Haka and the Politics of Identity Journal of Sport and Social Issues 26 2 125 139 doi 10 1177 0193723502262002 ISSN 0193 7235 S2CID 144368028 Rugby Facts The Ultimate Guide to Becoming a True Fan 19 March 2014 Retrieved 4 April 2023 Haka then and now it used to be more funny than frightening The Week UK 27 November 2014 Retrieved 3 August 2023 Buck Shelford Leads The All Blacks Haka Revival Rotorua Travel Secrets Retrieved 10 July 2023 Bruce Sam 15 September 2019 Understanding the All Blacks supreme success ESPN com Retrieved 11 December 2019 Knowler Richard 10 September 2022 Ex All Black John Timu Rugby union has given me everything Stuff Retrieved 23 July 2023 Malley Frank 23 October 2003 Spencer to lead Haka ESPN Retrieved 10 July 2023 Ka Mate Zinzan Brooke s guide to the Haka the42 8 September 2011 Retrieved 22 July 2023 France Centre 23 October 2011 Aulnat Franck Shelford un All Black est pret pour le sacre de la Nouvelle Zelande www lamontagne fr Retrieved 22 August 2023 World Rugby 9 August 2023 Who leads the haka for the All Blacks Rugby World Retrieved 22 August 2023 JONES MATT Rugby World Cup Results 2015 New Zealand vs Georgia Score Updated Fixtures Bleacher Report Retrieved 17 August 2023 LOOKING BACK ON THE WORLD XV CENTENARY SERIES allblacks com 19 April 2022 Retrieved 17 August 2023 The blackest year in All Black history 24 July 2009 All Blacks fight to keep haka news bbc co uk 16 July 2000 Retrieved 3 May 2008 Iwi threatens to place trademark on All Black haka New Zealand Herald 22 May 2005 Retrieved 3 May 2008 Iwi claim to All Black haka turned down New Zealand Herald 2 July 2007 Retrieved 3 May 2008 Ngati Toa Rangatira Letter of Agreement Archived 21 May 2010 at the Wayback Machine New Zealand Maori win haka fight BBC News 11 February 2009 Match Fit Season 2 Ep 3 DOCUMENTARY FACTUAL ThreeNow www threenow co nz Retrieved 29 June 2022 Maori Theme Atomic Civilization 6 OST Pōkarekare Ana Ka Mate Youtube Retrieved 25 November 2023 Civilization VI Gathering Storm Original Game Soundtrack Apple Music Retrieved 25 November 2023 This does not include their 2 1949 matches against Rhodesia as the All Blacks refused to perform a haka due to no Maori players being on the team The All Blacks lost one and drew the other 16 External links edit nbsp Wikisource has original text related to this article Ka Mate nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ka Mate haka The story behind Ka Mate includes a recording Another and different translation of haka tells the meaning behind the translation Ancient versions of Ka Mate A comparative study of Ka Mate from ten different sources Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ka Mate amp oldid 1220197148, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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