K-T-B (Hebrew: כ-ת-ב; Arabic: ك-ت-ب) is a triconsonantal root of a number of Semitic words, typically those having to do with writing.
The words for "office", "writer" and "record" all reflect this root. Most notably, the Arabic word kitab ("book") is also used in a number of Semitic and Indo-Iranian languages, as well as Turkish. One cultural example would be the Mishnaic expression Katuv or the cognate Arabic expression transliterated as Maktoub, which may be translated as "it is written". Another would be the Koutoubia mosque of Marrakech, whose name is taken from the librarians and booksellers who once occupied that area.
A full account of derivatives could be extensive, but some of them are these:
kataba كَتَبَ or كتب "he wrote" (masculine)
katabat كَتَبَت or كتبت "she wrote" (feminine)
katabtu كَتَبْتُ or كتبت "I wrote" (f and m)
kutiba كُتِبَ or كتب "it was written" (masculine)
kutibat كُتِبَت or كتبت "it was written" (feminine)
katabū كَتَبُوا or كتبوا "they wrote" (masculine)
katabna كَتَبْنَ or كتبن "they wrote" (feminine)
katabnā كَتَبْنَا or كتبنا "we wrote" (f and m)
yaktub(u) يَكْتُب or يكتب "he writes" (masculine)
taktub(u) تَكْتُب or تكتب "she writes" (feminine)
naktub(u) نَكْتُب or نكتب "we write" (f and m)
aktub(u) أَكْتُب or أكتب "I write" (f and m)
yuktab(u) يُكْتَب or يكتب "being written" (masculine)
tuktab(u) تُكتَب or تكتب "being written" (feminine)
yaktubūn(a) يَكْتُبُونَ or يكتبون "they write" (masculine)
yaktubna يَكْتُبْنَ or يكتبن "they write" (feminine)
taktubna تَكْتُبْنَ or تكتبن "you write" (feminine)
yaktubān(i) يَكْتُبَانِ or يكتبان "they both write" (masculine) (for 2 males)
taktubān(i) تَكْتُبَانِ or تكتبان "they both write" (feminine) (for 2 females)
kātaba كَاتَبَ or كاتب "he exchanged letters (with sb.)"
yukātib(u) يُكَاتِبُ "he exchanges (with sb.)"
yatakātabūn(a) يَتَكَاتَبُونَ or يتكاتبون "they write to each other" (masculine)
iktataba اِكْتَتَبَ or اكتتب "he is registered" (intransitive) or "he contributed (a money quantity to sth.)" (ditransitive) (the first t is part of a particular verbal transfix, not part of the root)
istaktaba اِسْتَكْتَبَ or استكتب "to cause to write (sth.)"
kitāb كِتَاب or كتاب "book" (the hyphen shows end of stem before various case endings)
kutub كُتُب or كتب "books" (plural)
kutayyib كُتَيِّب or كتيب "booklet" (diminutive)
kitābat كِتَابَة or كتابة "writing"
kātib كاتِب or كاتب "writer" (masculine)
kātibat كاتِبة or كاتبة "writer" (feminine)
kātibūn(a) كاتِبونَ or كاتبون "writers" (masculine)
kātibāt كاتِبات or كاتبات "writers" (feminine)
kuttāb كُتاب or كتاب "writers" (broken plural)
katabat كَتَبَة or كتبة "clerks" (broken plural)
maktab مَكتَب or مكتب "desk" or "office"
makātib مَكاتِب or مكاتب "desks" or "offices"
maktabat مَكتَبة or مكتبة "library" or "bookshop"
maktūb مَكتوب or مكتوب "written" (participle) or "postal letter" (noun)
katībat كَتيبة or كتيبة "squadron" or "document"
katā’ib كَتائِب or كتائب "squadrons" or "documents"
iktitāb اِكتِتاب or اكتتاب "registration" or "contribution of funds"
muktatib مُكتَتِب or مكتتب "subscriber"
muktatab مكتتب or مكتاتب is "subscription"
istiktāb اِستِكتاب or استكتاب "causing to write"
Hebrew derivativesedit
The same root is present in Hebrew:
kāṯaḇti כתבתי "I wrote"
kāṯaḇtā כתבת "you (m) wrote"
kāṯaḇ כתב "he wrote"
kattāḇ כתב "reporter" (m)
katteḇeṯ כתבת "reporter" (f)
kattāḇā כתבה "article" (plural kattāḇōṯ כתבות)
miḵtāḇ מכתב "postal letter" (plural miḵtāḇīm מכתבים)
kəṯubbā כתובה "ketubah (a Jewish marriage contract)" (f)
The Hebrew fricatives transcribed as "ḵ" and "ḇ" can also be transcribed in a number of other ways, such as "ch" and "v", which are pronounced [χ] and [v], respectively. They are transliterated "ḵ" and "ḇ" on this page to retain the connection with the pure consonantal root k-t-b. Also in Modern Hebrew, there is no gemination. In Hebrew, the root is used with the meaning of 'writing' but not for the noun for 'book', which is sefer. To a lesser extent in Hebrew, the word "Katuv" as a noun refers to the Tanakh.
Contrastive Arabic–Hebrewedit
A contrastive presentation of part of this can be as follows:
"he corresponded" (Hebrew), "he asked (someone) to write (something), had a copy made" (Arabic)
3rd. masc. sing. imperfect
yitkatteḇ יתכתב
yastaktibu يستكتب
(imperfect of above)
Noun with m- prefix and original short vowels:
maf‘al مَفْعَل
singular
miḵtaḇ מכתב
maktab مكتب
"letter" (Hebrew), "office" (Arabic)
Other languagesedit
In Maltese, the same root is present, and commonly used, similar to that in Arabic and Hebrew, such as ktibt (I wrote), ktieb (a book), kitba (writing), and kittieb (m. writer) amongst many more. In modern Tigrinya and Amharic, this root survives only in the noun kitab, meaning "amulet", and the verb "to vaccinate", it used to be used widely but it is now seen as an Archaic form. Ethiopic-derived languages like these usually use a different root (ṣ-ḥ-f) ص-ح-ف for the verb "to write" (this root exists in Arabic and is used to form words with a close meaning to "writing", such as ṣaḥāfa "journalism", and ṣaḥīfa "newspaper" or "parchment"). In the Persian language family (Farsi, Dari, Tajik, etc.) the borrowed word kitab is the most commonly used word for "book". This word has also made its way into the Malay language as "kitab", and into Swahili as "kitabu", both meaning book.
January 01, 1970
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This article does not cite any sources Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources K T B news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2009 Learn how and when to remove this message K T B Hebrew כ ת ב Arabic ك ت ب is a triconsonantal root of a number of Semitic words typically those having to do with writing The words for office writer and record all reflect this root Most notably the Arabic word kitab book is also used in a number of Semitic and Indo Iranian languages as well as Turkish One cultural example would be the Mishnaic expression Katuv or the cognate Arabic expression transliterated as Maktoub which may be translated as it is written Another would be the Koutoubia mosque of Marrakech whose name is taken from the librarians and booksellers who once occupied that area Contents 1 Arabic derivatives 2 Hebrew derivatives 3 Contrastive Arabic Hebrew 4 Other languagesArabic derivatives editA full account of derivatives could be extensive but some of them are these kataba ك ت ب or كتب he wrote masculine katabat ك ت ب ت or كتبت she wrote feminine katabtu ك ت ب ت or كتبت I wrote f and m kutiba ك ت ب or كتب it was written masculine kutibat ك ت ب ت or كتبت it was written feminine katabu ك ت ب وا or كتبوا they wrote masculine katabna ك ت ب ن or كتبن they wrote feminine katabna ك ت ب ن ا or كتبنا we wrote f and m yaktub u ي ك ت ب or يكتب he writes masculine taktub u ت ك ت ب or تكتب she writes feminine naktub u ن ك ت ب or نكتب we write f and m aktub u أ ك ت ب or أكتب I write f and m yuktab u ي ك ت ب or يكتب being written masculine tuktab u ت كت ب or تكتب being written feminine yaktubun a ي ك ت ب ون or يكتبون they write masculine yaktubna ي ك ت ب ن or يكتبن they write feminine taktubna ت ك ت ب ن or تكتبن you write feminine yaktuban i ي ك ت ب ان or يكتبان they both write masculine for 2 males taktuban i ت ك ت ب ان or تكتبان they both write feminine for 2 females kataba ك ات ب or كاتب he exchanged letters with sb yukatib u ي ك ات ب he exchanges with sb yatakatabun a ي ت ك ات ب ون or يتكاتبون they write to each other masculine iktataba ا ك ت ت ب or اكتتب he is registered intransitive or he contributed a money quantity to sth ditransitive the first t is part of a particular verbal transfix not part of the root istaktaba ا س ت ك ت ب or استكتب to cause to write sth kitab ك ت اب or كتاب book the hyphen shows end of stem before various case endings kutub ك ت ب or كتب books plural kutayyib ك ت ي ب or كتيب booklet diminutive kitabat ك ت اب ة or كتابة writing katib كات ب or كاتب writer masculine katibat كات بة or كاتبة writer feminine katibun a كات بون or كاتبون writers masculine katibat كات بات or كاتبات writers feminine kuttab ك تاب or كتاب writers broken plural katabat ك ت ب ة or كتبة clerks broken plural maktab م كت ب or مكتب desk or office makatib م كات ب or مكاتب desks or offices maktabat م كت بة or مكتبة library or bookshop maktub م كتوب or مكتوب written participle or postal letter noun katibat ك تيبة or كتيبة squadron or document kata ib ك تائ ب or كتائب squadrons or documents iktitab ا كت تاب or اكتتاب registration or contribution of funds muktatib م كت ت ب or مكتتب subscriber muktatab مكتتب or مكتاتب is subscription istiktab ا ست كتاب or استكتاب causing to write Hebrew derivatives editThe same root is present in Hebrew kaṯaḇti כתבתי I wrote kaṯaḇta כתבת you m wrote kaṯaḇ כתב he wrote kattaḇ כתב reporter m katteḇeṯ כתבת reporter f kattaḇa כתבה article plural kattaḇōṯ כתבות miḵtaḇ מכתב postal letter plural miḵtaḇim מכתבים miḵtaḇa מכתבה writing desk plural miḵtaḇōṯ מכתבות keṯōḇeṯ כתובת address plural keṯōḇōṯ כתובות keṯaḇ כתב handwriting kaṯuḇ כתוב written f keṯuḇa כתובה hiḵtiḇ הכתיב he dictated f hiḵtiḇa הכתיבה hiṯkatteḇ התכתב he corresponded f hiṯkatteḇa התכתבה niḵtaḇ נכתב it was written m niḵteḇa נכתבה it was written f keṯiḇ כתיב spelling m taḵtiḇ תכתיב prescript m meḵuttaḇ מכותב addressee meḵutteḇeṯ מכותבת f keṯubba כתובה ketubah a Jewish marriage contract f The Hebrew fricatives transcribed as ḵ and ḇ can also be transcribed in a number of other ways such as ch and v which are pronounced x and v respectively They are transliterated ḵ and ḇ on this page to retain the connection with the pure consonantal root k t b Also in Modern Hebrew there is no gemination In Hebrew the root is used with the meaning of writing but not for the noun for book which is sefer To a lesser extent in Hebrew the word Katuv as a noun refers to the Tanakh Contrastive Arabic Hebrew editA contrastive presentation of part of this can be as follows Semitological abbreviation Hebrew name Arabic name Morphological category Hebrew Form Arabic form Approximate translation G verb stem Pa al or Qal fa ala ف ع ل Stem I 3rd masc sing perfect kataḇ כתב kataba كتب he wrote 1st plur perfect kataḇnu כתבנו katabna كتبنا we wrote 3rd masc sing imperfect yiḵtoḇ יכתוב yaktubu يكتب he writes will write 1st plur imperfect niḵtoḇ נכתוב naktubu نكتب we write will write masc sing active participle koteḇ כותב katib كاتب writer S verb stem Hip il af ala أ ف ع ل Stem IV 3rd masc sing perfect hiḵtiḇ הכתיב aktaba أكتب he dictated 3rd masc sing imperfect yaḵtiḇ יכתיב yuktibu يكتب he dictates will dictate St D verb stem Hitpa el istaf ala است ف ع ل Stem X 3rd masc sing perfect hitkatteḇ התכתב istaktaba استكتب he corresponded Hebrew he asked someone to write something had a copy made Arabic 3rd masc sing imperfect yitkatteḇ יתכתב yastaktibu يستكتب imperfect of above Noun with m prefix and original short vowels maf al م ف ع ل singular miḵtaḇ מכתב maktab مكتب letter Hebrew office Arabic Other languages editIn Maltese the same root is present and commonly used similar to that in Arabic and Hebrew such as ktibt I wrote ktieb a book kitba writing and kittieb m writer amongst many more In modern Tigrinya and Amharic this root survives only in the noun kitab meaning amulet and the verb to vaccinate it used to be used widely but it is now seen as an Archaic form Ethiopic derived languages like these usually use a different root ṣ ḥ f ص ح ف for the verb to write this root exists in Arabic and is used to form words with a close meaning to writing such as ṣaḥafa journalism and ṣaḥifa newspaper or parchment In the Persian language family Farsi Dari Tajik etc the borrowed word kitab is the most commonly used word for book This word has also made its way into the Malay language as kitab and into Swahili as kitabu both meaning book Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title K T B amp oldid 1222364952, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
