American Gigolo
American Gigolo is a 1980 American neo-noir[5] crime drama film written and directed by Paul Schrader, and starring Richard Gere and Lauren Hutton. It tells the story of a high-priced escort in Los Angeles (Gere) who becomes romantically involved with a prominent politician's wife (Hutton), while simultaneously becoming the prime suspect in a murder case.
| American Gigolo | |
|---|---|
Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Paul Schrader |
| Written by | Paul Schrader |
| Produced by | Jerry Bruckheimer |
| Starring | |
| Cinematography | John Bailey |
| Edited by | Richard Halsey |
| Music by | Giorgio Moroder |
Production company | |
| Distributed by | Paramount Pictures |
Release date |
|
Running time | 117 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $5 million[2] |
| Box office | $52.7 million[3][4] |
The film established Gere as a leading man, and was one of the first mainstream Hollywood films to include frontal male nudity from its main star. It is also notable for its Golden Globe Award-nominated musical score, composed by Giorgio Moroder, and number-one single "Call Me" by Blondie. Schrader considers it one of four similar films, which he calls "double bookends": Taxi Driver, bookended by Light Sleeper, and American Gigolo bookended by The Walker.[6]
Plot edit
Julian Kay is a male escort in Los Angeles whose clientele are upper-class women. His job supports and requires an expensive taste in cars and clothes, and affords him a luxury Westwood apartment. He is blatantly materialistic, as he strives to merit inclusion into the class of people who make up his clientele. He takes pleasure in his work from being able to sexually satisfy women, offering and selling his body to women.
Julian's procurer, Anne, sends him on an assignment with a wealthy old widow, Mrs. Dobrun, who is visiting town. Afterwards, he goes to the hotel bar and meets Michelle Stratton, a California state senator's wife, who becomes obsessed with him. Julian's pimp Leon sends him to Palm Springs on a "substitute" assignment to the house of Mr. Rheiman, a wealthy financier. Rheiman asks Julian to have sado-masochistic sex with his wife Judy while he is watching them. The next day, Julian berates Leon for sending him to a "rough trick" and makes it clear he declines kinky or gay assignments. Leon warns Julian that the wealthy, older women he serves will turn on him and discard him without a second thought.
As Julian begins to have a relationship with Michelle, he learns that Judy Rheiman has been murdered. Los Angeles Police Department Detective Sunday identifies Julian as the prime suspect. Though Julian was with Lisa Williams, another client, on the night of the murder, she protects her marriage by not providing an alibi for Julian.
Julian discovers evidence about the murder. He realizes that he is being framed and grows increasingly desperate. His clothes become rumpled, he goes unshaven and drives a cheap rental car (after painstakingly searching his Mercedes and finding Judy's jewelry that was planted in it to frame him). He neglects to pick up an important client for Anne that he had been scheduled to escort, angering Anne and causing her to shun him. Julian warns Michelle that he is in trouble and, hoping to protect her, he tells her to leave him alone.
Julian concludes that Leon and Rheiman are the ones trying to frame him, and that one of Leon's other gigolos was the murderer. Julian goes to confront Leon, telling him the truth and trying to clear his name. Leon refuses to help him and remains implacable. In a fit of rage, Julian pushes Leon from the apartment balcony; although Julian immediately regrets his action and tries to save him, Leon nevertheless falls to his death. With no one to help him, Julian ends up in jail, helplessly awaiting trial for Judy's murder. Michelle reconciles with Julian by telling the police that she was with Julian the night of Judy's murder, sacrificing her reputation and marriage to save him.
Cast edit
- Richard Gere as Julian Kay
- Lauren Hutton as Michelle Stratton
- Bill Duke as Leon James
- Héctor Elizondo as Detective Joe Sunday
- Frances Bergen as Mrs. Laudner
- Carol Bruce as Mrs. Sloan
- K Callan as Lisa Williams
- Carole Cook as Mrs. Dobrun
- David Cryer as Lieutenant Curtis
- Richard Derr as Mr. Williams
- Nina van Pallandt as Anne
- Robert Wightman as Floyd Wicker
- Tom Stewart as Mr. Rheiman
- Patty Carr as Judy Rheimam
Production edit
Paul Schrader first conceived of the idea for the film while teaching screenwriting at UCLA's film and television department.[1] The script was one of five screenplays Schrader wrote in 1976.[1] Schrader commented, "The character in 'Taxi Driver' was compulsively nonsexual. The character in 'American Gigolo' is compulsively sexual. He is a man who receives his identity by giving sexual pleasure but has no concept of receiving sexual pleasure."[7]
John Travolta was originally attached to the lead role, with his casting announced by the Los Angeles Times in January 1978.[1] Travolta was provided a wardrobe by Giorgio Armani and appeared in a photo spread for the trade publication Variety announcing his participation.[1][8] The following year, Travolta dropped out of the production to deal with his mother's death and father's illness.[1][8]
In Travolta's absence, Barry Diller of Paramount Pictures offered the part of Julian Kay to Christopher Reeve, but Reeve turned down the million-dollar offer.[9] Chevy Chase was also offered the role but declined.[10] Schrader offered the part to his first choice, Richard Gere, who accepted.[8][11][12] Gere was cast two weeks before shooting began.[12] In 2012, Gere said he was drawn to the role partly because of its gay subtext, commenting,
I read it and I thought, 'This is a character I don't know very well. I don't own a suit. He speaks languages; I don't speak any languages. There's kind of a gay thing that's flirting through it and I didn't know the gay community at all.' I wanted to immerse myself in all of that and I had literally two weeks. So I just dove in.[13]
This is not the only role Travolta turned down only to be taken by Gere: it had happened with Days of Heaven (1978) and occurred again when Travolta was offered the lead in An Officer and a Gentleman (1982) and Chicago (2002).[14][15] Gere's brief nude scenes marked the first time a major Hollywood actor was frontally nude in a film.[16][17] According to Gere, the nudity was not in the original script.
It was just in the natural process of making the movie. I certainly felt vulnerable, but I think it's different for men than women.[13]
Julie Christie was originally cast in the role of Michelle Stratton but her departure was precipitated by Gere's replacement of Travolta.[18] By the time Gere was cast, Lauren Hutton had already been hired. Meryl Streep was also offered the part of Michelle but declined because she did not like the tone of the film.[19] Glenn Close also auditioned for a role when Travolta was still attached.[20]
Schrader called Pickpocket (1959) by the French director Robert Bresson an influence on the film; the composition of the final shot pays homage to that film, as does the final dialogue.[21][22][23][24][25] Schrader later provided an introduction to the Criterion Collection DVD of Pickpocket. On the film's ending, Schrader writes: "At the end of American Gigolo, I wanted to perversely plunge my lizardy protagonist into icy Bressonian waters, so I lifted the ending of Pickpocket and gave it to Julian Kay. A grace note as unwarranted as Christ's promise to the thief on the cross".[26] Schrader re-visited many of the themes of American Gigolo in his 2007 film The Walker and says the idea for that film came about while wondering what would have become of the Julian Kay character.[27][28]
The film is widely credited to have established the Giorgio Armani brand in Hollywood because the Italian designer's clothes are featured prominently in Julian Kay's wardrobe. When Gere replaced Travolta as Julian, the designer's team had to make new clothing for him as Travolta is 6 ft 2 in (188 cm) tall, a few inches taller than Gere.[29][30]
Filming began on February 13, 1979, and lasted until April 1979.[1]
Soundtrack edit
The film's musical score was composed by Giorgio Moroder, who was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score. The main theme song of the film is "Call Me" performed by Blondie. The song was written by Moroder and Blondie vocalist Debbie Harry, and became a huge worldwide success in 1980. It peaked at number one in several countries including the US and the UK, and became the highest-selling single of 1980 in the United States. In 1981, the song was also nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal. Moroder and Harry further shared a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song.[31]
Reception edit
Roger Ebert gave the film 3.5 stars out of 4, writing, "The whole movie has a winning sadness about it; take away the story's sensational aspects and what you have is a study in loneliness."[32] Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune also awarded 3.5 stars out of 4 and called it "an honest, compelling drama that sheds a little light in some beguilingly dark places."[33] Vincent Canby of The New York Times wrote in a negative review that writer-director Schrader "is awfully good at establishing inarticulate, unknowing, self-deluding characters, but he's much less effective when it comes to shepherding these characters through the contingencies of the melodrama that is supposed to ennoble them or, at least, to reveal their unsuspected moral resources."[34] Variety faulted the film for an "evasiveness at its core", finding a "moral and emotional ambivalence" in Gere's character "which makes caring about his predicament and ultimate fate difficult."[35] Charles Champlin of the Los Angeles Times was also negative, calling the film "such an improbable tissue of fantasies and dime-novel borrowings that from moment to moment it seems to be making fun of itself, although the joke is disguised perfectly."[36] Roger Angell of The New Yorker wrote that the film "presents a humorless, Penthouse kind of sex, all dolled up with expensive 'real' settings, foreign cars, hi-fi sets, and designer clothes, but barely alive at its glum, soft core."[37]
On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 72% of 29 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 6.7/10. The website's consensus reads: "While Paul Schrader's clinical direction and Richard Gere's muted performance don't stir much passion, American Gigolo succeeds as a stylish character study."[38]
Television series edit
In October 2014, Jerry Bruckheimer announced plans to adapt the film into a television series.[39] In October 2016, it was announced that Neil Labute will write the series for Showtime.[40] On June 15, 2021, Showtime gave production series order consists of ten episodes. David Hollander will be writing, directing, and showrunning the series. He is also expected to executive produce alongside Jerry Bruckheimer, Jonathan Littman, and KristieAnne Reed.[41] Jon Bernthal, Rosie O’Donnell, Lizzie Brocheré, and Leland Orser were cast in starring roles while Wayne Brady was cast to guest star.[42]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g "American Gigolo – Details". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. American Film Institute. Retrieved November 24, 2018.
- ^ "The Unstoppables". Spy. November 1988. p. 92.
- ^ "American Gigolo". Box Office Mojo.
- ^ "American Gigolo (1980) – Financial Information". The Numbers.
- ^ Schwartz, Ronald (2005). Neo-noir: The New Film Noir Style from Psycho to Collateral. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8108-5676-9.
- ^ "American Cinema of the 70s". The Story of Film: An Odyssey. Season 1. 2011. Event occurs at 28 minutes in. More4.
- ^ "Travolta to Play a Gigolo". The New York Times. May 3, 1978. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 15, 2022.
- ^ a b c Anolik, Lili (February 8, 2020). "Call Me!". Air Mail. Retrieved June 17, 2022.
- ^ Holley, Joe (October 12, 2004). "A Leading Man for Spinal Cord Research". The Washington Post. p. A01. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
- ^ "The Lost Roles of Chevy Chase". Vulture. September 22, 2011.
- ^ Segell, Michael (March 6, 1980). "Richard Gere: Heart-Breaker". Rolling Stone. from the original on December 5, 2020. Retrieved January 15, 2022.
- ^ a b Karger, Dave (August 31, 2012). "Richard Gere on Gere". EW.com. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
- ^ a b Kinser, Jeremy (September 1, 2012). "Richard Gere Accepted American Gigolo Role Because of Gay Subtext". The Advocate.
- ^ Gilbey, Ryan (February 17, 2009). "Who's next for a Mickey Rourke-style comeback?". The Guardian. from the original on July 31, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
- ^ Lawrence, Will (June 30, 2007). "Travolta as you've never seen him before". Times Online. Archived from the original on January 25, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
- ^ Persall, Steve (March 7, 2009). . St. Petersburg Times. Archived from the original on March 10, 2009.
- ^ Dirks, T (2009). "History of Sex in Cinema: The Greatest and Most Influential Sexual Films and Scenes (Part 27)". Filmsite.org. from the original on January 26, 2010. Retrieved January 24, 2010.
- ^ Easton Ellis, Bret (2019). White. Knopf. p. 29. ISBN 9780525656319. Retrieved January 15, 2022.
- ^ Smurthwaite, Nick (1984). The Meryl Streep Story. Beaufort Books. ISBN 978-0-8253-0229-9.
- ^ "Glenn Close recalls 'horrible and humiliating' American Gigolo audition". Yahoo! Style UK. April 14, 2021. Retrieved January 15, 2022.
- ^ Thompson, Rick. "Pickpocket". Senses of Cinema. Retrieved January 27, 2010.
- ^ Auty, Chris. "Robert Bresson's Pickpocket" (PDF). Film Forum. Retrieved January 27, 2010.
- ^ Johnston, Sheila (October 5, 2006). . The Telegraph. Archived from the original on April 27, 2009.
- ^ Dawson, Tom (April 3, 2005). "Pickpocket review". BBC. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
- ^ Schrader, Paul (November 2007). . Sight & Sound. British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
- ^ Schrader, Paul. Collected Screenplays 1. Faber and Faber, 2002, p. viii.
- ^ Schrader, Paul. . Landmark Theatres. Archived from the original on December 29, 2009. Retrieved January 27, 2010.
- ^ Malcolm, Derek (September 8, 2007). "American gigolo in the frame". London Evening Standard. from the original on November 6, 2009.
- ^ Suton, Koraljka. . NeoText. Archived from the original on March 1, 2021. Retrieved January 15, 2022.
- ^ . Clothes on Film. May 5, 2012. Archived from the original on May 16, 2012.
- ^ "Winners & Nominees 1981". Goldenglobes.com. Retrieved August 17, 2023.
- ^ Ebert, Roger. "American Gigolo". RogerEbert.com. Retrieved November 24, 2018.
- ^ Siskel, Gene (February 1, 1980). "'Gigolo' airs the dirty linen of the silken set". Chicago Tribune. Section 4, p. 3.
- ^ Canby, Vincent (February 1, 1980). "Screen: 'American Gigolo,' a Southern California Melodrama". The New York Times. p. C14.
- ^ "American Gigolo". Variety. December 31, 1979.
- ^ Champlin, Charles (February 1, 1980). "'American Gigolo'—Love 'Em And Leave". Los Angeles Times. Part V, p. 1.
- ^ Angell, Roger (February 4, 1980). "The Current Cinema". The New Yorker. p. 108.
- ^ "American Gigolo". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Retrieved July 28, 2023.
- ^ Goldberg, Lesley (October 29, 2014). "Jerry Bruckheimer Adapting 'American Gigolo' for Paramount TV". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 11, 2016.
- ^ Andreeva, Nellie (November 2, 2016). "American Gigolo' TV Series Adaptation Set At Showtime From Paramount TV, Jerry Bruckheimer & Neil LaBute". Deadline. Retrieved January 6, 2017.
- ^ Ausiello, Michael (June 15, 2021). "American Gigolo: Jon Bernthal-Led Reboot Scores 10-Episode Series Order at Showtime — First Look". TVLine. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
- ^ Petski, Denise (June 15, 2021). "'American Gigolo' Reboot Starring Jon Bernthal Gets Showtime Series Order". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
External links edit
- American Gigolo at IMDb
- American Gigolo at AllMovie
- American Gigolo at Rotten Tomatoes