Josef Kajetán Tyl was the first-born son of Jiří Tyl, a tailor and retired military band oboe player, and his wife Barbora née Králíková, daughter of a miller and groats maker. He was christened Josef František, yet this name was changed into Josef Kajetán when he underwent confirmation at the age of eleven. The family surname had several written forms – Tylly, Tylli, Tilly or Tyll – and was later changed to Tyl. Josef Kajetán had four younger siblings: one brother and three sisters, but except sister Anna none of them survived to adulthood.
After finishing elementary school, Josef Kajetán studied at a grammar school in Prague and in Hradec Králové. Among his teachers belonged the leading Czech linguist and writer Josef Jungmann and the playwright Václav Kliment Klicpera. After finishing his studies at the grammar school, he started to study philosophy in Prague.
Already as a student, Tyl started to be active in theatre and finally left school to become a member of the Hilmer traveling theatre company. When the company disbanded after two years of journeying around the countryside, he returned to Prague and got a job as a clerk in an infantry regiment's office. In his free time, he wrote theatre plays and worked as an actor at the Estates Theatre. Due to his abilities, he could leave his job in the military in 1842, as he was given a full-time job at the Estates Theatre, where he became the director, organizer, and playwright of the Czech ensemble in the otherwise mainly German theatre.
In 1833 Tyl became a redactor of a renewed Czech magazine called Květy (Blossoms), which exists until today. He was also a redactor of the magazines Vlastimil and Pražský posel (Prague Messenger), and of the newspaper Sedlské noviny (Farmer´s newspaper), that were later banned because of his political involvement.
Tyl used several pen names that were often derived from the name of his hometown Kutná Hora, for example, Horský, Horník, Kutnohorský, and Vítek.
In the revolutionary year 1848, Tyl became politically active and was briefly a member of the Austrian parliament in Vienna. Because he fought for the independence of the Czech nation from the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, he was later marked as politically unreliable by the authorities and expelled from the Estates Theatre. He wanted to found his own traveling theatre company but his request was rejected, so in 1851 he joined an existing one and left for a tour, together with his family. Yet the theatre company did not fare well, and the Tyl family ended up in poverty. In 1856, during his theatre's stay in Pilsen, the 48 years old Tyl died of an unknown illness and was buried at a local cemetery.
Tyl's wife was a Czech actress Magdalena Forchheimová (1803–1870), who performed under the pen name Skalná. Tyl met her in 1829 during his first tour with a traveling theatre company, where they both performed. They married on 28 January 1839, yet their marriage stayed childless, as after a stillbirth Magdalena couldn't have any more children.
In 1841 Tyl fell in love with his wife's much younger sister Anna, who was also a talented actress and performed under the pen name Anna Rajská (1824–1903). They started an affair, Tyl did not divorce or leave his wife however and all three of them lived together in one household until his death. Anna bore her brother-in-law eight illegitimate children, their youngest son was born one month after Tyl died. Their sons went by their mother's surname Forchheim, daughters were allowed by the authorities to use father's surname Tyl.
On 24 April 1861, five years after Tyl's death, Anna married Tyl's colleague, actor Josef Ladislav Turnovský, with whom she had three more children. Turnovský took care not only of Tyl's family but also of his legacy by saving his manuscripts and publishing his works.
Children of Josef Kajetán Tyl
Josef Otakar Forchheim (1843–1907), doctor of philosophy and gymnasium professor in Plzeň, buried in Prague at the Vyšehrad Cemetery
Jan Stanislav Forchheim (1845–1890), turner and military band musician
Marie Eleonora Tylová (1848–1868), actress, buried in the village of Morkovice u Kroměříže
Eliška Tylová (1850–1909), governess and actress, buried in Prague at the Slavín cemetery, alongside her mother
Vojtěch Josef Forchheim (1851–1862), drowned as a child in the Vltava River
František K. Forchheim (1853–1902), actor of the National Theatre, used one of his father's pen names, Horník, as his own pen name
Kajetán Josef Forchheim (1856 – ?), educated in bakery, later disappeared, fate unknown
Sources
"Osudy těch druhých aneb Lidé kolem Tyla" by Helena Pospíchalová
"Czechs in History – Josef Kajetan Tyl" by Alena Škodová
External links
"Czechs in History" article on Radio Praha website
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Josef Kajetán Tyl.
January 31, 2023
josef, kajetán, february, 1808, july, 1856, czech, pronunciation, ˈjozɛf, ˈkajɛtaːn, ˈtɪl, significant, czech, dramatist, writer, actor, notable, figure, czech, national, revival, movement, best, known, author, current, national, anthem, czech, republic, title. Josef Kajetan Tyl 4 February 1808 11 July 1856 Czech pronunciation ˈjozɛf ˈkajɛtaːn ˈtɪl was a significant Czech dramatist writer and actor He was a notable figure in the Czech National Revival movement and is best known as the author of the current national anthem of the Czech Republic titled Kde domov muj Josef Kajetan TylPortrait of Josef Kajetan Tyl by Jan VilimekBorn 1808 02 04 4 February 1808Kutna Hora Bohemia Austrian EmpireDied11 July 1856 1856 07 11 aged 48 Plzen Bohemia Austrian EmpireOccupationWriterNationalityCzechGenreRomanticismNotable worksFidlovackaStrakonicky dudakSpouseMagdalena ForchheimovaPartnerAnna Forchheimova RajskaRelativesJiri Tyl father Barbora Kralikova mother Contents 1 Life 2 Work 2 1 Plays describing the life of the Czech society in Tyl s time period 2 2 Plays portraying famous events from Czech history especially the Hussite movement 2 3 Plays featuring fairy tale characters fairies witches 2 4 Other plays 3 Family 3 1 Children of Josef Kajetan Tyl 4 Sources 5 External linksLife EditJosef Kajetan Tyl was the first born son of Jiri Tyl a tailor and retired military band oboe player and his wife Barbora nee Kralikova daughter of a miller and groats maker He was christened Josef Frantisek yet this name was changed into Josef Kajetan when he underwent confirmation at the age of eleven The family surname had several written forms Tylly Tylli Tilly or Tyll and was later changed to Tyl Josef Kajetan had four younger siblings one brother and three sisters but except sister Anna none of them survived to adulthood After finishing elementary school Josef Kajetan studied at a grammar school in Prague and in Hradec Kralove Among his teachers belonged the leading Czech linguist and writer Josef Jungmann and the playwright Vaclav Kliment Klicpera After finishing his studies at the grammar school he started to study philosophy in Prague Already as a student Tyl started to be active in theatre and finally left school to become a member of the Hilmer traveling theatre company When the company disbanded after two years of journeying around the countryside he returned to Prague and got a job as a clerk in an infantry regiment s office In his free time he wrote theatre plays and worked as an actor at the Estates Theatre Due to his abilities he could leave his job in the military in 1842 as he was given a full time job at the Estates Theatre where he became the director organizer and playwright of the Czech ensemble in the otherwise mainly German theatre In 1833 Tyl became a redactor of a renewed Czech magazine called Kvety Blossoms which exists until today He was also a redactor of the magazines Vlastimil and Prazsky posel Prague Messenger and of the newspaper Sedlske noviny Farmer s newspaper that were later banned because of his political involvement Tyl used several pen names that were often derived from the name of his hometown Kutna Hora for example Horsky Hornik Kutnohorsky and Vitek In the revolutionary year 1848 Tyl became politically active and was briefly a member of the Austrian parliament in Vienna Because he fought for the independence of the Czech nation from the Austrian Hungarian Empire he was later marked as politically unreliable by the authorities and expelled from the Estates Theatre He wanted to found his own traveling theatre company but his request was rejected so in 1851 he joined an existing one and left for a tour together with his family Yet the theatre company did not fare well and the Tyl family ended up in poverty In 1856 during his theatre s stay in Pilsen the 48 years old Tyl died of an unknown illness and was buried at a local cemetery A theatre in Plzen was later named in his honor Divadlo Josefa Kajetana Tyla Work EditTyl was an author of several novels and short stories but he is most famous for his about 20 theatre plays which can be divided into several groups Plays describing the life of the Czech society in Tyl s time period Edit Palicova dcera Arsonist s daughter Prazsky flamendr Prague playboy Bankrotar Bankrupter Chudy kejklir Poor Juggler Plays portraying famous events from Czech history especially the Hussite movement Edit Jan Hus Zizka z Trocnova Zizka of Trocnov Krvavy soud aneb kutnohorsti haviri A Bloody Verdict The Miners of Kutna Hora Krvave krtiny aneb Drahomira a jeji synove Bloody Baptism or Drahomir and Her Sons Plays featuring fairy tale characters fairies witches Edit Strakonicky dudak The Bagpiper of Strakonice one of his most famous works Lesni panna aneb cesta do Ameriky The Forest Maiden A Journey to America Tvrdohlava zena The Stubborn Woman Jirikovo videni George s Vision Cert na zemi Devil On Earth Other plays Edit Pani Marjanka matka pluku Lady Marjanka Mother of the Regiment Fidlovacka cs a song from this play named Kde domov muj became the Czech national anthem in 1918 Slepy mladenec The Blind Young Man Family EditTyl s wife was a Czech actress Magdalena Forchheimova 1803 1870 who performed under the pen name Skalna Tyl met her in 1829 during his first tour with a traveling theatre company where they both performed They married on 28 January 1839 yet their marriage stayed childless as after a stillbirth Magdalena couldn t have any more children In 1841 Tyl fell in love with his wife s much younger sister Anna who was also a talented actress and performed under the pen name Anna Rajska 1824 1903 They started an affair Tyl did not divorce or leave his wife however and all three of them lived together in one household until his death Anna bore her brother in law eight illegitimate children their youngest son was born one month after Tyl died Their sons went by their mother s surname Forchheim daughters were allowed by the authorities to use father s surname Tyl On 24 April 1861 five years after Tyl s death Anna married Tyl s colleague actor Josef Ladislav Turnovsky with whom she had three more children Turnovsky took care not only of Tyl s family but also of his legacy by saving his manuscripts and publishing his works Children of Josef Kajetan Tyl Edit Josef Otakar Forchheim 1843 1907 doctor of philosophy and gymnasium professor in Plzen buried in Prague at the Vysehrad Cemetery Jan Stanislav Forchheim 1845 1890 turner and military band musician Marie Eleonora Tylova 1848 1868 actress buried in the village of Morkovice u Kromerize Eliska Tylova 1850 1909 governess and actress buried in Prague at the Slavin cemetery alongside her mother Vojtech Josef Forchheim 1851 1862 drowned as a child in the Vltava River Frantisek K Forchheim 1853 1902 actor of the National Theatre used one of his father s pen names Hornik as his own pen name stillborn boy 1855 1855 Kajetan Josef Forchheim 1856 educated in bakery later disappeared fate unknownSources Edit Osudy tech druhych aneb Lide kolem Tyla by Helena Pospichalova Czechs in History Josef Kajetan Tyl by Alena SkodovaExternal links Edit Czechs in History article on Radio Praha website Wikimedia Commons has media related to Josef Kajetan Tyl Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Josef Kajetan Tyl amp oldid 1065045114, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
