Joint CIS Air Defense System
Joint CIS Air Defense System (Russian: Объединённая система ПВО СНГ) is a unified system that comprises air defense units and elements of the former Soviet republics under control of the Coordination Committee on Air Defense of the Council of Ministers of Defense of the CIS. Currently there are 6 de facto members of JADS: Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan. 70% of all expenditures of the military budget of the Commonwealth of Independent States are directed to the improvement and development of this system.[1]
History edit
It was established on 10 February 1995 by the Almaty agreement.[2][3] Which was signed by Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Georgia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. Georgia and Turkmenistan ceased their membership in 1997, while Uzbekistan is maintaining cooperation with Russia on a bilateral basis. By decision of the Council of CIS Heads of Governments of November 3, 1995, an effective financing mechanism for the CIS air defense system was created from a targeted allocation of funds by participating states.[4][5] Since September 1996, combat firing has been conducted by CIS air defense units. In September 1998, the first joint tactical exercises of the system "Combat Commonwealth – 98" were held. Such exercises have become traditional and are held once every two years.[6]
Functions edit
General aims of Joint AD System are the following:
- Protection of air boundaries of the CIS member states;
- Joint control of the CIS airspace;
- Monitoring of aerospace posture;
- Air/missile strike early warning and coordinated response to it.
Commander edit
The Joint CIS AD System doesn't have a single commander. It is controlled by Air Defense Coordinating Committee of the CIS whose members are commanders of air defense troops or air forces of the member states. The Chairman of the Committee at the time of formation was Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Air Force Colonel-General Alexander Zelin.[7] Currently, the chairman is the former Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Aerospace Forces, Colonel-General Sergei Surovikin.[8][9][10]
Composition edit
As for year 2005 the Joint CIS AD System included:
- 20 fighter regiments;
- 29 surface to air-missile regiments;
- 22 electronic intelligence units;
- 2 electronic warfare battalions.
The existing composition of forces was determined by a decision ratified in December 2015:[11]
- 20 aviation units;
- 40 units of anti-aircraft missile forces;
- 20 units of radio-technical forces,
SAM regiments are armed with 9K33 Osa, 9K37 Buk, S-75 Dvina, S-125 Neva/Pechora, S-200 Angara/Vega/Dubna and S-300 Favorit systems. Fighter jets include MiG-23, MiG-29, MiG-31 and Su-27. Joint exercises of CIS AD System are commonly held at Ashuluk range in Astrakhan Oblast.[12]
Early warning system edit
The Russian early warning system was set up in Soviet times. Its headquarters and two satellite data reception stations are located in Russia, as well as 3 out of 8 radar stations. They include the Dnepr/Daugava system in Olenegorsk, the Dnepr/Dnestr-M system in Mishelevka, Usolye-Sibirskoye, and the Daryal system in Pechora.
The remaining radar stations are:
- Dnepr/Dnestr-M system in Balkash-9, Sary Shagan, Kazakhstan;
- Volga radar in Belarus (Hantsavichy);
- Okno electro-optical space surveillance station in Tajikistan;
- Okno-S electro-optical space surveillance station in Primorsky Krai.
The two Dnepr radars in Ukraine (Mukachevo and Sevastopol) used to be part of the system until 2008.[13] The next generation of Russian radar are the Voronezh radar.
In 2008, Russia announced its withdrawal from the agreement with Ukraine on their use due to an increase in rent and doubts about the reliability of the information received.[14] On February 26, 2009, the flow of information from them stopped.[15]
References edit
- ^ (PDF) (in Russian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-07-18. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
- ^ Jacob, Léo-Paul. "The CIS Plans to Strengthen its Joint-Air Defence System". NAOC. Retrieved 2021-06-10.
- ^ . pvosng.ru. Archived from the original on 2021-06-12. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
- ^ "Объединенная система ПВО СНГ отмечает 25-летие с момента образования : Министерство обороны Российской Федерации". function.mil.ru. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
- ^ "Соглашение о создании объединенной системы противовоздушной обороны государств - участников Содружества Независимых Государств от 10 февраля 1995 - docs.CNTD.ru".
- ^ "Объединенная система противовоздушной обороны стран СНГ (ОС ПВО СНГ)". РИА Новости (in Russian). 2015-02-10. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 2014-08-26. Retrieved 2021-06-10.
- ^ Bailey, Riley; Evans, Angelica; Wolkov, Nicole; Hird, Karolina; Clark, Mason (10 September 2023). "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, September 10, 2023". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
- ^ "Russian General Surovikin appointed to CIS Council of Defence Ministers – ISW". pravda.com.ua. Ukrainska Pravda. 11 September 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
- ^ Light, Felix (15 September 2023). "Russian general in Algeria in apparent return to work after Wagner mutiny, Kommersant reports". Reuters. Reuters. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
- ^ "Об объединенной системе противовоздушной обороны стран СНГ". cis.minsk.by. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
- ^ "Семь стран СНГ проверят боеготовность объединенной системы ПВО". Interfax.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2021-06-12.
- ^ "Russia Won't Rent Ukrainian Radar". Kommersant. 2008-01-16. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ "Возвращение домой: Почему "Днепр" заменят на "Воронеж"?". Накануне.RU. 2008-01-17.
Мы пришли к выводу, что нужно всю эту систему держать на собственной территории.
- ^ "Арифметика СПРН: минус два "Днепра", плюс один "Воронеж"". РИА Новости. 2009-02-26.
С вводом станции под Армавиром полностью решается проблема надежного прикрытия страны от угрозы ракетного нападения с южного направления. Это сверхсовременная станция, с расширенными возможностями.