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John Copley, 1st Baron Lyndhurst

John Singleton Copley, 1st Baron Lyndhurst, PC, QS, FRS (21 May 1772 – 12 October 1863) was a British lawyer and politician. He was three times Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain.

The Lord Lyndhurst
Lord Lyndhurst wearing the parliamentary robes of a baron, portrait by Felix Rogge c.1836
Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
In office
2 May 1827 – 24 November 1830
Monarchs
Prime Minister
Preceded byThe Earl of Eldon
Succeeded byThe Lord Brougham and Vaux
In office
21 November 1834 – 8 April 1835
MonarchWilliam IV
Prime Minister
Preceded byThe Lord Brougham and Vaux
Succeeded byIn Commission
In office
3 September 1841 – 27 June 1846
MonarchVictoria
Prime MinisterSir Robert Peel, Bt
Preceded byThe Lord Cottenham
Succeeded byThe Lord Cottenham
Personal details
Born(1772-05-21)21 May 1772
Boston, Massachusetts
British America
Died12 October 1863(1863-10-12) (aged 91)
London, United Kingdom
NationalityBritish
Political partyTory
Spouses
Sarah Brunsden
(m. 1809; died 1834)
Georgina Goldsmith
(m. 1837)
Alma materTrinity College, Cambridge

Background and education edit

Lyndhurst was born in Boston, Massachusetts, the son of painter John Singleton Copley and his wife Susanna Farnham (née Clarke), granddaughter of silversmith Edward Winslow. His father left America to live in London in 1774, and his wife and son followed a year later. Copley was educated at a private school and Trinity College, Cambridge,[1] where he graduated as second wrangler.[citation needed]

Political and legal career edit

Called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1804, he gained a considerable practice. He was appointed a serjeant-at-law on 6 July 1813. In 1817, he was one of the counsel for Dr J. Watson, tried for his share in the Spa Fields riots. Lyndhurst's performance attracted the attention of Lord Castlereagh and other Tory leaders, and he entered parliament as member for Yarmouth in the Isle of Wight. He afterwards sat for Ashburton (1818–1826) and for Cambridge University (1826–1827).

In December 1818, Copley was made King's Serjeant and Chief Justice of Chester. He became Solicitor General on 24 July 1819 and was knighted in October, became Attorney General in 1824, Master of the Rolls in 1826 and Lord Chancellor in 1827. On his appointment to the latter post he was raised to the peerage as Baron Lyndhurst, of Lyndhurst in the County of Southampton.[2] As solicitor-general he took a prominent part in the trial of Queen Caroline and was opposed to the Liberal measures which marked the end of the reign of George IV and the beginning of that of William IV. He was Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer from 1831 to 1834. During the Melbourne government from 1835 to 1841 he figured conspicuously as an obstructionist in the House of Lords. His former adversary Lord Brougham, disgusted at his treatment by the Whig leaders, soon became his most powerful ally in opposition. Lyndhurst held the chancellorship from 1827 to 1830, 1834–1835, and 1841–1846. As he was in regard to Catholic emancipation, so in the agitation against the Corn Laws, he opposed reform until Peel, his chief, gave the signal for concession. In 1837 he was Rector of Marischal College (later Aberdeen University).[3]

 
John Copley, 1st Baron Lyndhurst in the late 1850s.
 
Grave of John Singleton Copley in Highgate Cemetery (west)

After 1846 and the disintegration of the Tory party over Peel's adoption of free trade, Lord Lyndhurst did not attend parliament sessions as often, but he continued to take a lively interest in public affairs and to make speeches. His address to the House of Lords on 19 June 1854, on the war with Russia, made a sensation in Europe, and throughout the Crimean War he was a strong advocate of the energetic prosecution of hostilities. In 1859 he denounced Napoleon III. His last speech was delivered in the House of Lords at the age of eighty-nine.

Family edit

In 1819 Lord Lyndhurst married Sarah, a daughter of Charles Brunsden and widow of Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Thomas, who was killed at Waterloo. She died in 1834, and three years later, in August 1837, he married secondly Georgiana Goldsmith (1807–1901), daughter of writer Lewis Goldsmith, of Paris. They had two daughters, Georgiana Susan Copley, who married Sir Charles Du Cane, Governor of Tasmania.[4] and Sophia Clarence Copley (1828-1911)who married Hamilton Beckett and is buried near her father in Highgate Cemetery.

Since his second wife came from a family of Jewish origins, it may be her influence which led Lyndhurst to support the Jewish Emancipation of 1858, when the law which had restricted the Parliamentary oath of office to Christians was changed, leading to the admission of Jews into parliament. Lyndhurst also advocated women's rights in questions of divorce.

He died in London on 12 October 1863 and was buried in Highgate Cemetery;[5] as he left no son, his peerage became extinct. Lady Lyndhurst died in London 22 December 1901, aged 94.[4]

Arms edit

Coat of arms of John Copley, 1st Baron Lyndhurst
 
 
Crest
An escallop Or in front of a dexter arm embowed in armour the hand grasping a sword and the cubit encircled with a chaplet of laurel all Proper.
Escutcheon
Argent a cross flory Sable within a bordure Azure charged with eight escallops of the field.
Supporters
Two eagles wings elevated Proper gorged with a plain collar Or and pendent therefrom a shield Argent charged with a cross flory Sable.
Motto
Ultra Pergere (To Push Onward)[6]

References edit

  1. ^ "Copley, John Singleton (CPLY790JS)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  2. ^ "No. 18355". The London Gazette. 24 April 1827. p. 914.
  3. ^ Officers of the Marischal College & University of Aberdeen, 1593-1860.
  4. ^ a b "Obituary – Lady Lyndhurst". The Times. No. 36645. London. 23 December 1901. p. 7.
  5. ^ Cansick, Frederick Teague (1872). The Monumental Inscriptions of Middlesex Vol 2. J Russell Smith. p. 108. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
  6. ^ Debrett's Peerage. 1847.

Further reading edit

  • Dennis Lee: Lord Lyndhurst: The Flexible ToryISBN 0-87081-358-7, 318 pages – 1994 Niwot (Colorado): University Press of Colorado.

External links edit

  • "Archival material relating to John Copley, 1st Baron Lyndhurst". UK National Archives.  
  • Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by John Copley

  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domainChisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Lyndhurst, John Singleton Copley". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 170.

john, copley, baron, lyndhurst, john, singleton, copley, baron, lyndhurst, 1772, october, 1863, british, lawyer, politician, three, times, lord, high, chancellor, great, britain, right, honourablethe, lord, lyndhurstpc, frslord, lyndhurst, wearing, parliamenta. John Singleton Copley 1st Baron Lyndhurst PC QS FRS 21 May 1772 12 October 1863 was a British lawyer and politician He was three times Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain The Right HonourableThe Lord LyndhurstPC QS FRSLord Lyndhurst wearing the parliamentary robes of a baron portrait by Felix Rogge c 1836Lord High Chancellor of Great BritainIn office 2 May 1827 24 November 1830MonarchsGeorge IV William IVPrime MinisterGeorge Canning The Viscount Goderich The Duke of WellingtonPreceded byThe Earl of EldonSucceeded byThe Lord Brougham and VauxIn office 21 November 1834 8 April 1835MonarchWilliam IVPrime MinisterThe Duke of Wellington Sir Robert Peel BtPreceded byThe Lord Brougham and VauxSucceeded byIn CommissionIn office 3 September 1841 27 June 1846MonarchVictoriaPrime MinisterSir Robert Peel BtPreceded byThe Lord CottenhamSucceeded byThe Lord CottenhamPersonal detailsBorn 1772 05 21 21 May 1772Boston MassachusettsBritish AmericaDied12 October 1863 1863 10 12 aged 91 London United KingdomNationalityBritishPolitical partyTorySpousesSarah Brunsden m 1809 died 1834 wbr Georgina Goldsmith m 1837 wbr Alma materTrinity College Cambridge Contents 1 Background and education 2 Political and legal career 3 Family 4 Arms 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksBackground and education editLyndhurst was born in Boston Massachusetts the son of painter John Singleton Copley and his wife Susanna Farnham nee Clarke granddaughter of silversmith Edward Winslow His father left America to live in London in 1774 and his wife and son followed a year later Copley was educated at a private school and Trinity College Cambridge 1 where he graduated as second wrangler citation needed Political and legal career editCalled to the bar at Lincoln s Inn in 1804 he gained a considerable practice He was appointed a serjeant at law on 6 July 1813 In 1817 he was one of the counsel for Dr J Watson tried for his share in the Spa Fields riots Lyndhurst s performance attracted the attention of Lord Castlereagh and other Tory leaders and he entered parliament as member for Yarmouth in the Isle of Wight He afterwards sat for Ashburton 1818 1826 and for Cambridge University 1826 1827 In December 1818 Copley was made King s Serjeant and Chief Justice of Chester He became Solicitor General on 24 July 1819 and was knighted in October became Attorney General in 1824 Master of the Rolls in 1826 and Lord Chancellor in 1827 On his appointment to the latter post he was raised to the peerage as Baron Lyndhurst of Lyndhurst in the County of Southampton 2 As solicitor general he took a prominent part in the trial of Queen Caroline and was opposed to the Liberal measures which marked the end of the reign of George IV and the beginning of that of William IV He was Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer from 1831 to 1834 During the Melbourne government from 1835 to 1841 he figured conspicuously as an obstructionist in the House of Lords His former adversary Lord Brougham disgusted at his treatment by the Whig leaders soon became his most powerful ally in opposition Lyndhurst held the chancellorship from 1827 to 1830 1834 1835 and 1841 1846 As he was in regard to Catholic emancipation so in the agitation against the Corn Laws he opposed reform until Peel his chief gave the signal for concession In 1837 he was Rector of Marischal College later Aberdeen University 3 nbsp John Copley 1st Baron Lyndhurst in the late 1850s nbsp Grave of John Singleton Copley in Highgate Cemetery west After 1846 and the disintegration of the Tory party over Peel s adoption of free trade Lord Lyndhurst did not attend parliament sessions as often but he continued to take a lively interest in public affairs and to make speeches His address to the House of Lords on 19 June 1854 on the war with Russia made a sensation in Europe and throughout the Crimean War he was a strong advocate of the energetic prosecution of hostilities In 1859 he denounced Napoleon III His last speech was delivered in the House of Lords at the age of eighty nine Family editIn 1819 Lord Lyndhurst married Sarah a daughter of Charles Brunsden and widow of Lieutenant Colonel Charles Thomas who was killed at Waterloo She died in 1834 and three years later in August 1837 he married secondly Georgiana Goldsmith 1807 1901 daughter of writer Lewis Goldsmith of Paris They had two daughters Georgiana Susan Copley who married Sir Charles Du Cane Governor of Tasmania 4 and Sophia Clarence Copley 1828 1911 who married Hamilton Beckett and is buried near her father in Highgate Cemetery Since his second wife came from a family of Jewish origins it may be her influence which led Lyndhurst to support the Jewish Emancipation of 1858 when the law which had restricted the Parliamentary oath of office to Christians was changed leading to the admission of Jews into parliament Lyndhurst also advocated women s rights in questions of divorce He died in London on 12 October 1863 and was buried in Highgate Cemetery 5 as he left no son his peerage became extinct Lady Lyndhurst died in London 22 December 1901 aged 94 4 Arms editCoat of arms of John Copley 1st Baron Lyndhurst nbsp nbsp Crest An escallop Or in front of a dexter arm embowed in armour the hand grasping a sword and the cubit encircled with a chaplet of laurel all Proper Escutcheon Argent a cross flory Sable within a bordure Azure charged with eight escallops of the field Supporters Two eagles wings elevated Proper gorged with a plain collar Or and pendent therefrom a shield Argent charged with a cross flory Sable Motto Ultra Pergere To Push Onward 6 References edit Copley John Singleton CPLY790JS A Cambridge Alumni Database University of Cambridge No 18355 The London Gazette 24 April 1827 p 914 Officers of the Marischal College amp University of Aberdeen 1593 1860 a b Obituary Lady Lyndhurst The Times No 36645 London 23 December 1901 p 7 Cansick Frederick Teague 1872 The Monumental Inscriptions of Middlesex Vol 2 J Russell Smith p 108 Retrieved 15 October 2021 Debrett s Peerage 1847 nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Lyndhurst John Singleton Copley Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 17 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 170 Further reading editDennis Lee Lord Lyndhurst The Flexible Tory ISBN 0 87081 358 7 318 pages 1994 Niwot Colorado University Press of Colorado External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to John Singleton Copley Baron Lyndhurst nbsp Wikisource has original works by or about John Copley 1st Baron Lyndhurst Archival material relating to John Copley 1st Baron Lyndhurst UK National Archives nbsp Hansard 1803 2005 contributions in Parliament by John Copley nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Lyndhurst John Singleton Copley Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 16 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 170 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title John Copley 1st Baron Lyndhurst amp oldid 1181178433, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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