These shoals and the submerged land surrounding them to a depth of 6 meters (20 ft) form the Jiuduansha Wetland Nature Reserve.[2] The entire area stretches roughly 46.3 kilometers (28.8 mi) east to west and 25.9 kilometers (16.1 mi) north to south, covering an area of 423.5 square kilometers (163.5 sq mi),[2] although only 114.6 square kilometers (44.2 sq mi) of this is above sea level.[3] The area is considered one of the national urban wetland parks of China and forms part of the China Biosphere Reserve Network. A 1996 field study found that, for seven bird species investigated, the number present at Jiuduansha exceeded 1% of the world's total for the species, establishing it as a Wetland of International Importance.[4]
Although Jiuduansha literally translates as "Nine-Part Sands", the number nine is here being used in a colloquial way similar to English several.[5] In fact, the group consists of four main shoals. These are sometimes given their Mandarin names of Shangsha, Zhongsha, Xiasha, and Jiangyanansha[6] and sometimes translated as Upper, Middle, Lower, and South Jiuduansha.[2] South Jiuduansha is known as Jiangya Nansha in Chinese after the pinyinromanization of the SS Kiangya, the passenger steamer which exploded nearby (probably owing to a mine from the Second World War or the Chinese Civil War) in 1948.
Historyedit
Jiuduansha originally formed part of the Waitongsha shoal, but frequent floods of the Yangtze in 1949 and 1954 connected a series of troughs and separated Jiuduansha from the Tongsha shoal.[2] Shanghai's universities have studied Jiuduansha since the 1990s and, in 1995, introduced cordgrass in order to speed the shoal's stabilization,[7] particularly in light of roughly 71% reduction in sedimentation caused by the many dams erected along the course of the Yangtze during the 20th century.[8] In March 2003,[9] the Shanghai municipal government established the nature reserve. The cordgrass and environmental protection were intended to accommodate birds then living at the site being developed as Pudong International Airport.[5] From October 2002 to January 2003, Fudan University and the reserve's administration conducted four joint surveys[2] and, in 2005, the wetland was finally upgraded to a national nature reserve.[5] In the time since its introduction, the cordgrass has been found to have become invasive,[5] aggressively crowding out the native reeds and bulrushes[7][8] and degrading parts of the wetlands.[5] A wetland museum, as well as a Science Popularization Park on about 5 square kilometers (1.9 sq mi) of the island, are planned to increase public awareness and support.[5]
^But here using the number nine in its colloquial Chinese sense of "some" or "several".
^ abcde"Overview 2015-01-08 at the Wayback Machine". The Shanghai Jiuduansha Wetland Nature Reserve (Shanghai), 2014.
^Li Bo. "Ecosystem Ecology Study on Jiuduansha Island—A Site Description". US–China Carbon Consortium.
^ ab"Birds 2015-01-09 at the Wayback Machine". The Shanghai Jiuduansha Wetland Nature Reserve (Shanghai), 2014.
^ abcdef"Fourth Island Wetland Emerging", pp. 1–2. Shanghai Daily. 8 Dec 2009. Hosted at China.org.
^"Introduction 2015-01-08 at the Wayback Machine". The Shanghai Jiuduansha Wetland Nature Reserve (Shanghai), 2014.
^ abPratolongo, Paula & al. "Temperate Coastal Wetlands: Morphology, Sediment Processes, and Plant Communities" in Coastal Wetlands: An Integrated Ecosystem Approach, p. 105. Elsevier (Amsterdam), 2009.
^ abScott, David B. Coastal Wetlands of the World: Geology, Ecology, Distribution, and Applications, pp. 229 f. Cambridge University Press (Cambridge), 2014.
^Fu Jing & al. "Ecotourism and Environmental Interpretation Planning in Jiuduansha Wetland National Nature Reserve, Shanghai". Shanghai Normal University (Shanghai). Hosted at Academia.edu.
^ ab"Zoobenthos 2015-01-09 at the Wayback Machine". The Shanghai Jiuduansha Wetland Nature Reserve (Shanghai), 2014.
^Dennis McMahon (November 28, 2008). "The Dish: Hairy Crab". Wall Street Journal.
^Dunlop, Fuchsia. "The Chinese delicacy of hairy crabs". BBC News Magazine (London), 15 December 2012. Accessed 19 January 2015.
^"Fish 2015-01-09 at the Wayback Machine". The Shanghai Jiuduansha Wetland Nature Reserve (Shanghai), 2014.
^"Mammals 2015-01-09 at the Wayback Machine". The Shanghai Jiuduansha Wetland Nature Reserve (Shanghai), 2014.
jiuduansha, collection, four, intertidal, wetland, shoals, mouth, china, yangtze, river, they, administered, island, region, municipality, shanghai, pudong, area, chinese九段沙literal, meaning9, part, sands, transcriptionsstandard, mandarinhanyu, pinyinjiǔduànshā. Jiuduansha is a collection of four intertidal wetland shoals at the mouth of China s Yangtze River They are administered as an island region of the municipality of Shanghai s Pudong New Area JiuduanshaChinese九段沙Literal meaning9 part sands 1 TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinJiǔduanshaWuShanghaineseRomanizationJieudoesoJiuduansha Wetland Nature ReserveSimplified Chinese九段沙湿地自然保护区Traditional Chinese九段沙濕地自然保護區TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinJiǔduansha Shidi ZiranbǎohuquWuShanghaineseRomanizationJieudoeso Sehdi Zyzoebauwuchiu IslandsShangshaChinese上沙Literal meaningUpper Jiuduan shaTranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinShangshaWuShanghaineseRomanizationZansoZhongshaChinese中沙Literal meaningMiddle Jiuduan shaTranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinZhōngshaWuShanghaineseRomanizationTzonsoXiashaChinese下沙Literal meaningLower Jiuduan shaTranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinXiashaWuShanghaineseRomanizationGhosoJiangyananshaSimplified Chinese江亚南沙Traditional Chinese江亞南沙Literal meaningKiangya South Jiuduan shaTranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinJiangya NanshaWuShanghaineseRomanizationKania Noeso These shoals and the submerged land surrounding them to a depth of 6 meters 20 ft form the Jiuduansha Wetland Nature Reserve 2 The entire area stretches roughly 46 3 kilometers 28 8 mi east to west and 25 9 kilometers 16 1 mi north to south covering an area of 423 5 square kilometers 163 5 sq mi 2 although only 114 6 square kilometers 44 2 sq mi of this is above sea level 3 The area is considered one of the national urban wetland parks of China and forms part of the China Biosphere Reserve Network A 1996 field study found that for seven bird species investigated the number present at Jiuduansha exceeded 1 of the world s total for the species establishing it as a Wetland of International Importance 4 Contents 1 Name 2 History 3 Ecology 4 References 5 External linksName editAlthough Jiuduansha literally translates as Nine Part Sands the number nine is here being used in a colloquial way similar to English several 5 In fact the group consists of four main shoals These are sometimes given their Mandarin names of Shangsha Zhongsha Xiasha and Jiangyanansha 6 and sometimes translated as Upper Middle Lower and South Jiuduansha 2 South Jiuduansha is known as Jiangya Nansha in Chinese after the pinyin romanization of the SS Kiangya the passenger steamer which exploded nearby probably owing to a mine from the Second World War or the Chinese Civil War in 1948 History editJiuduansha originally formed part of the Waitongsha shoal but frequent floods of the Yangtze in 1949 and 1954 connected a series of troughs and separated Jiuduansha from the Tongsha shoal 2 Shanghai s universities have studied Jiuduansha since the 1990s and in 1995 introduced cordgrass in order to speed the shoal s stabilization 7 particularly in light of roughly 71 reduction in sedimentation caused by the many dams erected along the course of the Yangtze during the 20th century 8 In March 2003 9 the Shanghai municipal government established the nature reserve The cordgrass and environmental protection were intended to accommodate birds then living at the site being developed as Pudong International Airport 5 From October 2002 to January 2003 Fudan University and the reserve s administration conducted four joint surveys 2 and in 2005 the wetland was finally upgraded to a national nature reserve 5 In the time since its introduction the cordgrass has been found to have become invasive 5 aggressively crowding out the native reeds and bulrushes 7 8 and degrading parts of the wetlands 5 A wetland museum as well as a Science Popularization Park on about 5 square kilometers 1 9 sq mi of the island are planned to increase public awareness and support 5 Ecology editJiuduansha is the spawning ground for the hairy crab one of the most important products of the Chinese fishing industry 10 and a delicacy of the cuisine of Shanghai and eastern China 11 12 The shoals also host large communities of Cipango and Siberian prawn and swimming crabs 10 They are known to host 5 protected species of fish 13 and 14 protected species of birds including the black faced spoonbill 4 All 14 observed species of aquatic mammals are protected and Jiuduansha is thought to be the most important habitat in China for the finless porpoise the bottlenose dolphin and the spotted seal 14 References edit But here using the number nine in its colloquial Chinese sense of some or several a b c d e Overview Archived 2015 01 08 at the Wayback Machine The Shanghai Jiuduansha Wetland Nature Reserve Shanghai 2014 Li Bo Ecosystem Ecology Study on Jiuduansha Island A Site Description US China Carbon Consortium a b Birds Archived 2015 01 09 at the Wayback Machine The Shanghai Jiuduansha Wetland Nature Reserve Shanghai 2014 a b c d e f Fourth Island Wetland Emerging pp 1 2 Shanghai Daily 8 Dec 2009 Hosted at China org Introduction Archived 2015 01 08 at the Wayback Machine The Shanghai Jiuduansha Wetland Nature Reserve Shanghai 2014 a b Pratolongo Paula amp al Temperate Coastal Wetlands Morphology Sediment Processes and Plant Communities in Coastal Wetlands An Integrated Ecosystem Approach p 105 Elsevier Amsterdam 2009 a b Scott David B Coastal Wetlands of the World Geology Ecology Distribution and Applications pp 229 f Cambridge University Press Cambridge 2014 Fu Jing amp al Ecotourism and Environmental Interpretation Planning in Jiuduansha Wetland National Nature Reserve Shanghai Shanghai Normal University Shanghai Hosted at Academia edu a b Zoobenthos Archived 2015 01 09 at the Wayback Machine The Shanghai Jiuduansha Wetland Nature Reserve Shanghai 2014 Dennis McMahon November 28 2008 The Dish Hairy Crab Wall Street Journal Dunlop Fuchsia The Chinese delicacy of hairy crabs BBC News Magazine London 15 December 2012 Accessed 19 January 2015 Fish Archived 2015 01 09 at the Wayback Machine The Shanghai Jiuduansha Wetland Nature Reserve Shanghai 2014 Mammals Archived 2015 01 09 at the Wayback Machine The Shanghai Jiuduansha Wetland Nature Reserve Shanghai 2014 External links editThe Shanghai Jiuduansha Wetland Nature Reserve 31 10 N 121 55 5 E 31 167 N 121 9250 E 31 167 121 9250 Jiuduansha Island Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jiuduansha amp oldid 1156182218, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
